Chronic Disease Interventions

46-58% at 5 years post-bariatric surgery; up to 86% at 1 year with >15% total weight loss

Up to 93% had medications discontinued or reduced with intensive residential lifestyle programs

Catheter ablation achieves freedom from AF in ~70-80% at 1 year (paroxysmal), 50-70% (persistent)

SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce progression to ESRD by ~30-40%

T4 monotherapy normalizes TSH in nearly all patients and resolves symptoms in ~6-8 weeks

Closed-loop insulin delivery (Control-IQ, Omnipod 5) significantly improves time-in-range

Not clearly higher than on-medication rates — the real gap is behavioral/practical adherence

Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) slow MMSE decline

CGRP monoclonal antibodies (erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab) achieve ≥50% response

High-efficacy DMTs (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, cladribine) achieve NEDA in a majority

Early aggressive treat-to-target improves drug-free remission rates modestly; some biologic-era gains

Biologics (anti-IL-5, anti-IL-4/13, anti-IgE) achieve near-zero exacerbation rates in eligible patients

Smoking cessation slows FEV1 decline to near-normal aging rate (the only intervention that changes trajectory)

>95% cured (sustained virologic response at 12 weeks) with 8-12 week DAA courses

Anti-IL-23 biologics (mirikizumab, risankizumab) maintain steroid-free remission in a growing share of patients

Weight loss of >10% reduces symptoms in 65-81% of obese patients; laparoscopic fundoplication for refractory cases

Resmetirom (Rezdiffra) — first FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for MASH (March 2024)

No cure or disease modification available; total joint replacement achieves high satisfaction for end-stage disease

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) + graded exercise: 50-70% sustained improvement

55-80% remain relapse-free at 1 year after well-managed discontinuation; psychotherapy augmentation improves durability