Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Untreated relapsing MS: ~1 relapse/year; disability accumulates over time in ~85% who convert to secondary progressive MS; spontaneous remission from MS is not possible

Best-intervention remission

High-efficacy DMTs (natalizumab, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, cladribine) achieve 0 clinical relapses in 50-70% at 2 years and >95% MRI lesion suppression; early high-efficacy treatment shows superior outcomes vs platform therapy escalation

Gap size

Large — massive gap between platform DMT (interferons, glatiramer) and high-efficacy DMT outcomes, but practice still favors escalation model

Primary barrier

practice

Treat-to-target with early high-efficacy therapy is superior to the traditional safety-first escalation model (TREAT-MS, DELIVER-MS trials) but most MS neurologists still start with platform therapies; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) achieves 70-80% no-evidence-of-disease-activity (NEDA) at 5 years but is rarely offered

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

BTK 219 CD52 3 IL2RA 51 ITGA4 146 LINGO1 1 MBP 7 MOG 0 MS4A1 26 S1PR1 211 VDR 623

BTK

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
NEMTABRUTINIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TIRABRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BMS-986142	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZM447439	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CENISERTIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RILZABRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ABIVERTINIB MALEATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MSC-2364447	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TAK-020	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BIIB068	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ACALABRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SPEBRUTINIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BTK INHIBITOR TL-895	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PP2	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TAMATINIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ALISERTIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ILORASERTIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZANUBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BTK INHIBITOR DTRMWXHS-12	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
EDRALBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
EVOBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SPEBRUTINIB BESYLATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOZASERTIB	? unclear	Mechanistic	4400.0 nM (Kd)	DGIdb
PIRTOBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1997335	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
VECABRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RITLECITINIB TOSYLATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ELSUBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HESPERADIN	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORELABRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ENTRECTINIB	? unclear	Mechanistic	158.49 nM (Ki)	DGIdb
BARASERTIB-HQPA	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
VANDETANIB	? unclear	Mechanistic	1700.0 nM (Kd)	DGIdb
HG2+	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BRANEBRUTINIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ACALABRUTINIB MALEATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RG-1530	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PI3K-DELTA INHIBITOR AMG 319	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PF-562271	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 219 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CD52

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
ALEMTUZUMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC ANDROGEN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ALEMTUZUMAB BETA	? unclear	Mechanistic	Open Targets

IL2RA

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
CAFFEINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MEGESTROL ACETATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LENTINAN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PROPYLTHIOURACIL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
STAUROSPORINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ANTISERUM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BASILIXIMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ALDESLEUKIN	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ISOTRETINOIN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HEPATITIS B VACCINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CAMIDANLUMAB TESIRINE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PROGESTERONE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLUOROURACIL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
VERAPAMIL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DINITROCHLOROBENZENE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC HORMONE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CHINESE HERBS	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENT	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DRUGSATFDA.NDA:008378	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DHA-PACLITAXEL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHIMAZOLE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY R24	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SHO-SAIKO-TO	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THEOPHYLLINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BRYOSTATIN 1	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA-1B	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DEXTRAN SULFATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLUTAMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PACLITAXEL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DECITABINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MERCAPTOPURINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INOLIMOMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 51 agents ranked by evidence tier.

ITGA4

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
SENKTIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
VEDOLIZUMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
R1295	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ABRILUMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
UCB-1184197	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ATL1102	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NATALIZUMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FIRATEGRAST	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BIO1211	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL278199	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.5 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL17240	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	112.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL276353	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	3.9 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL274280	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	19.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16742	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	5.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16475	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.8 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16710	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.7 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL275603	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.1 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL17300	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2.7 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL275817	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.5 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL17058	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	35.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16888	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	750.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16695	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	44.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL278476	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	160.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL16385	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	330.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL389844	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.2 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228576	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	769.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL223465	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	106.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228575	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	9.2 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL274350	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.6 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL390057	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.87 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228731	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.4 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228730	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.3 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL426910	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.78 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL387660	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.7 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL387659	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.3 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL425647	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	0.51 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228678	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL389641	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	216.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228629	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL228628	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	9.8 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 146 agents ranked by evidence tier.

LINGO1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
OPICINUMAB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb

MBP

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
CYCLOSPORINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA-1A	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
QUERCETIN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TIPLIMOTIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INSULIN, REGULAR, HUMAN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BIOFLAVONOID	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PREDNISONE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb

MOG

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Pipeline results not yet available for this target. Run the pipeline to populate.

MS4A1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
RITUXIMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PLAMOTAMAB	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
VELTUZUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
OBINUTUZUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
OFATUMUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ANTI-CD20 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
YTTRIUM Y 90 IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LFB-R603	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
OCRELIZUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FBT-A05	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DI-LEU16-IL2	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
OCARATUZUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
EPCORITAMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GLOFITAMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
UBLITUXIMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB 131I	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TISAGENLECLEUCEL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
IODINE-131-TOSITUMOMAB	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MT-3724	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ODRONEXTAMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD20 CAR TRANSDUCED CD4/CD8 ENRICHED T-CELLS MB-CART20.1	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 1F5	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MOSUNETUZUMAB	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TRU-015	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb

S1PR1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
CHEMBL:CHEMBL171699	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
(S)-FTY720P	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1362503	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAR247799	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ASP-4058	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MOCRAVIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BMS-986104	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PONESIMOD	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ISOVELLERAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SIPONIMOD	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMISELIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GSK-2018682	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FINGOLIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL586135	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OZANIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL579318	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
KRP203	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMISELIMOD	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CENERIMOD	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
9,10-PHENANTHRENEQUINONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ETRASIMOD ARGININE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ETRASIMOD	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SIPONIMOD FUMARIC ACID	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OZANIMOD	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FINGOLIMOD	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SONEPCIZUMAB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PINAFIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL117910	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1.4 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL332050	↑ activates	Mechanistic	82.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL115505	↑ activates	Mechanistic	322.1 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL115344	↑ activates	Mechanistic	260.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL324358	↑ activates	Mechanistic	598.4 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL332472	↑ activates	Mechanistic	12.7 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL422074	↑ activates	Mechanistic	58.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL225155	↑ activates	Mechanistic	0.9 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL116953	↑ activates	Mechanistic	130.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL334038	↑ activates	Mechanistic	8.6 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL325408	↑ activates	Mechanistic	1805.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL114031	↑ activates	Mechanistic	550.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 211 agents ranked by evidence tier.

VDR

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
ERGOCALCIFEROL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL480626	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LOVASTATIN	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL17201	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ESTRADIOL VALERATE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
4'-METHOXYCHALCONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINOCIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CYTARABINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LEVISOPRENALINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DOCEBENONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CALCITRIOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic	0.065 nM (Kd)	DGIdb
EPINEPHRINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ALFACALCIDOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CALCIFEDIOL ANHYDROUS	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MECYSTEINE HYDROCHLORIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HOMIDIUM BROMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TETROQUINONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMBAZONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SURAMIN	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
5,7-DIHYDROXYISOFLAVONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
N-DOCOSATETRA-7,10,13,16-ENOYLETHANOLAMINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PARICALCITOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHLORPYRIFOS	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL404954	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
U-0126	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AZOCYCLOTIN	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OXIDOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
2-ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
INECALCITOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
S(+)-APOMORPHINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CARBARIL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
2-BENZOYL-5-METHOXYBENZOQUINONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NORSTICTIC ACID	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
Z-PRO-PROLINAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DIENOCHLOR	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MERSALYL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL581044	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
IOPHENOXIC ACID	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ISOETHARINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 623 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Multiple Sclerosis: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

A Rollover Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Ocrelizumab In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Active Not Recruiting

NCT05269004 Phase: 3 Started: 2022-05-03

This is a Phase IIIb, single-arm, multicenter, OLE study. Participants receiving ocrelizumab as an investigational medicinal product (IMP) in a Roche sponsored Parent study who continue to receive ocrelizumab or are in safety follow-up at the time of the closure of their respective Parent study (WA2...

An Extension Study to Assess Impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on Physical Function and Provide Continued Ocrelizumab Treatment Recruiting

NCT06675955 Phase: 3 Started: 2024-12-13

The study will evaluate the physical impact of MS from participant's perspective, provide continued access to ocrelizumab and assess the safety and tolerability of ocrelizumab. From Protocol Version 6 onwards, treatment within this study will be limited to the currently approved doses of ocrelizumab...

A Study of Orelabrutinib in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting

NCT07067463 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-03-23

Orelabrutinib is a CNS-penetrable BTK inhibitor. This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orelabrutinib compared with placebo in patients with PPMS. Patients will be treated for approximately 30 to 60 months, with a minimum...

Study of Ovarian Reserve Concerning Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Compared to a Control Group Recruiting

NCT05754593 Phase: N/A Started: 2023-12-04

The investigators want to evaluate ovarian reserve concerning patients with multiple sclerosis, compared to a control group of healthy women. This study will include women from 25 to 35 years old.

A Study of Orelabrutinib in Patients With Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting

NCT07299019 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-03-23

Orelabrutinib is a CNS-penetrable BTK inhibitor. This is a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orelabrutinib compared with placebo in patients with non-active Secondary Progress MS. Patients will be treated for approximately 24 ...

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of BMS-986368 in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Recruiting

NCT06782490 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-06-05

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BMS-986368 in participants with Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity

A Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Safety of Subcutaneous (SC) Ublituximab Administered at Various Injection Sites and Relative Bioavailability Via Autoinjector (AI) Versus Syringe Subcutaneously in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Recruiting

NCT07503873 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-04-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the PK and safety of ublituximab SC at different sites of administration and relative bioavailability of ublituximab SC administered with a prefilled pen versus syringe.

Efficacy and Safety of Remibrutinib After Switching From Ocrelizumab in Participants Living With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. Recruiting

NCT06846281 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-06-23

The purpose of this Phase 3b study is to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of remibrutinib after switching from ocrelizumab and compared to continuous ocrelizumab treatment, in patients living with relapsing multiple sclerosis (plwRMS).

A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, Radiological and Clinical Effects of Subcutaneous Ublituximab in Participants With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Active Not Recruiting

NCT07211633 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-07-09

The purpose of this study is to assess the pharmacokinetics of ublituximab when administered subcutaneously (SC) compared to intravenous (IV) administration in participants with RMS.

Study to Evaluate Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics (PK) of a Modified Regimen of Ublituximab Recruiting

NCT05877963 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-06-13

The primary purpose of this phase 3b study is to assess the efficacy of a modified regimen of ublituximab in participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) as measured by T1 Gadolinium (Gd)-enhancing lesions in Part A; PK in Part B along with efficacy of ublituximab as measured by T1 Gd-enhanc...

The HIt HArd and hiT Early in Multiple Sclerosis Trial Recruiting

NCT07517185 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-09-01

The HiHat trial is a Phase 2 study aimed at evaluating the safety and feasibility of sequential treatment with rituximab and cladribine in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The study follows a prospective, open-label, single-arm design, with 60 RRMS patients receiving both...

Best Available Therapy Versus Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Sclerosis (BEAT-MS) Recruiting

NCT04047628 Phase: 3 Started: 2020-08-17

This is a multi-center prospective rater-masked (blinded) randomized controlled trial of 156 participants, comparing the treatment strategy of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) to the treatment strategy of Best Available Therapy (BAT) for treatment-resistant relapsing multip...

Safety of Cultured Allogeneic Adult Umbilical Cord or Placental Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intravenous Infusion for MS Recruiting

NCT05003388 Phase: 1 Started: 2021-06-26

This trial will study the safety and efficacy of intravenous infusion of cultured allogeneic adult umbilical cord or placental derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Targeting Residual Activity By Precision, Biomarker-Guided Combination Therapies of Multiple Sclerosis (TRAP-MS) Recruiting

NCT03109288 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2017-08-11

Background: In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers indicate inflammation or disease. Researchers want to see if 4 drugs given alone or combined affect MS biomarkers. They want to see if a change in biomarker levels can predict which drugs a person with...

Obe-cel in Refractory Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting

NCT07139743 Phase: 1 Started: 2025-08-04

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if obe-cel is safe or causes any side effects in adults with refractory progressive MS. The study also plans to assess if obe-cel can show early signs of efficacy in MS. The trial includes only 1 group of participants (single-arm). The study population c...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Multiple Sclerosis” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 10-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

50 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 41 not found by the gene-target search above.

Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, BAY86-5046)NOT in gene-target list

· 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00787657 NCT00963833 NCT01436838

Rebif®NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02064816 NCT02064816

Ocrelizumab

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT03025269

ZEPOSIA® indicated for the treatment of: Relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, and active ulcerative colitis in adultsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06528665

Dietary supplement intervention Goodphyte IB DefenseNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07380022

Dietary supplement intervention Goodphyte ImmunityNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07380022

SPG302NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05882695

MayzentNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04593927

eFIT InterventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03829267

eJournal InterventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03829267

Treatment as usualNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03829267

SativexNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01604265

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levelNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05754593

TirasemtivNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02496767

vipoglanstat (GS-248)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04744207

TCD baselineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02389426

TCD after bosentan administrationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02389426

NIRS baselineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02389426

NIRS after bosentan administrationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02389426

Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06796504

metforminNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06463743

Mobility-enhancing-nursing interventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02198599

Early Harvest Extra Virgin Olive OilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04120675

Interferon-beta and human leukocyte Interferon-αNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01171209

low immunogenic interferon-beta-1aNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00493077

Withings ScanwatchNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06461481

Ofatumumab

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04353492

ACTHNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02315872

cetrizineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04175834

diphenhydramineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04175834

Autologous Human Polyclonal Regulatory T Cells Injection (NP001 Cell Injection)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06671236

TysabriNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00937677

XCEL-MC-ALPHANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02495766

HesperidinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07452562

Kappa Free Light Chain (K-FLC)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05347277

MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE