Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

COPD

Pharmacologically actionable gene targets, therapeutic agents ranked by evidence tier, and active clinical trials.

Research Tracker / Chronic Disease Interventions / COPD / Biomarker Atlas →

Disease Overview

Spontaneous remission
Not established
Best-intervention remission
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Gap size
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Primary barrier
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Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: ● Clinical > ● Mechanistic > ● Correlative.

ADRB2 335CXCR2 207ELANE 210MMP12 181MMP9 212MUC5AC 4NFE2L2 1025PDE4D 184SERPINA1 2TGFB1 62

ADRB2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CARVEDILOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1257092 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SODIUM CHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DESIPRAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METIPRANOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL531322 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NADOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PIRBUTEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FENOTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
TIMOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ABEDITEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PINDOLOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BRONCHODILATOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TULOBUTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK159802 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLENBUTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
INDACATEROL MALEATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
VILANTEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TERTATOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARFORMOTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INDACATEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL111201 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITODRINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RISPERIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL599896 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
RITODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DISULFIRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUCINDOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LAS190792 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPRENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELIPROLOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ALBUTEROL SULFATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CARTEOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 335 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CXCR2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BEVACIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DANIRIXIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-5122 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLOTRIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NAVARIXIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LADARIXIN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
GENISTEIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ACETYLCYSTEINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ELUBRIXIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VIMNERIXIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
REPARIXIN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CANOCTAKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MECHLORETHAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUPROFEN, SODIUM SALT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SX-682 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NAVARIXIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic 2.6 nM (IC50) Open Targets
CHEMBL25573 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL27863 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL283736 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 860.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL280711 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 320.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL27446 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL28009 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL24912 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL26830 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 57.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL312883 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL85872 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL86002 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL85267 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL83292 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 670.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL310634 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL84957 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL313465 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 730.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL82566 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 92.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL85045 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 450.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL87282 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL86284 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 830.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL84719 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL315206 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 207 agents ranked by evidence tier.

ELANE

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SIVELESTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ALVELESTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NIFEDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NICOTINE POLACRILEX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TIPRELESTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 17 [PMID: 23642479] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
.ALPHA.1-PROTEINASE INHIBITOR HUMAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LORECIVIVINT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TAKINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIVELESTAT SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROGOCEKIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEPELESTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ML315 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MW01 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SYMPLOSTATIN 5 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MW05 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LONODELESTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERDOSTEINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 20 [PMID: 30998356] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL310871 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ELAFIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CIRTUVIVINT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL314218 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.03 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL274085 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.7 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL329376 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 31.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL543416 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.014 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL51377 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 102.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL432049 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.17 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL89299 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL95813 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL330647 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL91944 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.06 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL318052 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 36000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL319173 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2368616 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.31 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL554013 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.73 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL90730 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 26.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL421162 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 210 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MMP12

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
MARIMASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ILOMASTAT ? unclear Mechanistic 13.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ACETAZOLAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NEOVASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEFEROXAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CTS-1027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CAPTOPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZILEUTON ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-1236 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL1788203 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 42.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL263501 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2092878 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL77258 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL78001 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL148406 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 191.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL147882 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 29.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL148171 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL424130 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 170.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL147881 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 57.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL148214 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL356124 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7689.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL358539 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 57.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL147489 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 59.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL147604 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 931.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL146718 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 72.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL146289 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 421.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL431680 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 390.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL325163 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2000.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL114878 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 35.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL116944 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.5 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL118497 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.6 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL290377 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.2 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL77163 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.7 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL111856 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.24 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL77995 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL78233 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 93.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL308277 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL321213 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 280.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL110750 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 440.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL109770 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 181 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MMP9

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CURCUMIN PYRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TST10088 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELECOXIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CURCUMIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOZULERISTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SHARK CARTILAGE EXTRACT AE-941 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDRALAZINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ULINASTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BEVACIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBOXYLATED GLUCOSAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLDOPA ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANDECALIXIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DP-B99 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NEOVASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PRINOMASTAT ? unclear Mechanistic 0.2 nM (IC50) DGIdb
REBIMASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
INCYCLINIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CTS-1027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
DEMETHYLWEDELOLACTONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
S-3304 ? unclear Mechanistic 23.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ILOMASTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MARIMASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.5 nM (IC50) DGIdb
AZD-1236 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NIFEDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL435271 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL80814 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 34.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL276119 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL78934 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL78369 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CGS-27023A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL167278 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL169996 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 34.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL80453 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 44.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL303983 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 291.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL312432 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL306617 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL79111 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 43.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL78798 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL80969 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 212 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MUC5AC

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
YTTRIUM Y 90 CLIVATUZUMAB TETRAXETAN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ENSITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLIVATUZUMAB TETRAXETAN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

NFE2L2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1537417 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIMVASTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL591631 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL578929 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MIFEPRISTONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL224318 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DICUMAROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-NITROFLUORENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL530291 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNICARBATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
5-FLUOROURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZO[E]PYRENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIPHENADIONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RABEPRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-METHOXY-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DINITRO CRESOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALDICARB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIMYCIN A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELENGESTROL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL168075 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
WORTMANNIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HEXYLRESORCINOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOFLUPREDONE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LITHIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
1-NAPHTHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NANAOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NIFEDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-AMINOANTHRACENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL426404 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHOTREXATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
E1501 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1329443 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL531710 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZAMETHIPHOS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 1025 agents ranked by evidence tier.

PDE4D

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CILOMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 63.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
TRANIMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RESVERATROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIFAMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MK-0873 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REVAMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THEOPHYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DYPHYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUDILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HT-0712 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENSIFENTRINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LIRIMILAST ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OXTRIPHYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DROTAVERIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFIMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THEOPHYLLINE SODIUM GLYCINATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DIPYRIDAMOLE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK-356278 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
APREMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ETAZOLATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OGLEMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZATOLMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TETOMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ROLIPRAM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 390.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
DENBUFYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LOTAMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PENTOXIFYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMLEXANOX ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMINOPHYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CRISABOROLE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ROFLUMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PICLAMILAST ? unclear Mechanistic 0.8 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PAPAVERINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK-256066 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DIURETIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BPN14770 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLAVOXATE HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SELECTIVE CYTOKINE INHIBITORY DRUG CC-1088 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOVRAMILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 184 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SERPINA1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IGMESINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

TGFB1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SILYMARIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROTEASOME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FRESOLIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
NISEVOKITUG ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LUSPATERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN E ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOSITOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NICOTINE POLACRILEX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FENRETINIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELATONIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOTRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VACTOSERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 12.9 nM (IC50) DGIdb
TRIAMCINOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMOXIFEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADRIAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HEPARAN SULFATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GOSSYPOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TCDD ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMIFOSTINE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RAMIPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIOXIDANT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOTATERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALUNISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIRFENIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
H2O2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC ANDROGEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SANDOSTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BROXURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DISITERTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 62 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Recruiting and recently completed trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Data retrieved 2026-07-03.

Comparing Ultrasonic and Conventional Spirometry in Chronic Respiratory Disease Recruiting
NCT07447232 Phase: NA Started: 2026-06-29

This study compares a handheld ultrasonic spirometer with a standard hospital spirometer in adults with chronic respiratory diseases. Each participant will complete lung function tests using both devices. The study aims to determine whether the ultrasonic device provides accurate and reliable measur...

A Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety of Astegolimab in Participants With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Recruiting
NCT05878769 Phase: PHASE3 Started: 2023-06-28

The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term safety and to explore the efficacy of astegolimab in participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who have completed the 52-week placebo-controlled treatment period in parent studies GB43311 or GB44332.

A Study to Investigate the Effect of Budesonide/Glycopyrronium/Formoterol Fumarate Metered Dose Inhaler (BGF MDI) Compared With Placebo MDI on Heart and Lung Function in Participants With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Hyperinflation Recruiting
NCT07073950 Phase: PHASE4 Started: 2025-11-24

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of BGF MDI compared with placebo MDI on cardiac and lung function when administered in participants diagnosed with COPD and hyperinflation.

Clinical Trial to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability of EP395 in Patients With COPD Completed
NCT05572333 Phase: PHASE2 Started: 2022-11-22

The aim of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety and tolerability of oral, once-daily EP395 administration in COPD patients for 12 weeks.

A Study of BBT002 in Healthy Volunteers (HVs) and in Adult Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or Chronic Rhiosininusitis With Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) Recruiting
NCT06944925 Phase: PHASE1 Started: 2025-05-08

Randomized study of single and multiple doses of BBT002 in healthy volunteers and in adult patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).

Evaluation of Ventilation Defects Downstream of Mucus Plugs in Patients With Muco-Obstructive Lung Disease Recruiting
NCT06985225 Phase: N/A Started: 2025-06-01

In this study, xenon MRI will be used to evaluate regional functional consequences of mucus plugs in the lungs of patients with muco-obstructive pulmonary disease. Mucus plugs will be identified using CT imaging, and xenon MRI will be used to evaluate ventilation and gas exchange impairments in regi...

Study of Clinical and Patient-reported Outcomes in Adults With Moderate to Severe COPD Treated With Breztri/Trixeo Recruiting
NCT07069829 Phase: N/A Started: 2025-12-15

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Exacerbations accelerate disease progression and increase the risk of death. Recent recommendations from the GOLD report emphasize the diagnosis of COPD and tre...

Effect of Spacer Use on Exacerbation Risk in High-Risk Older Adults With Chronic Airway Diseases Receiving Triple Therapy Recruiting
NCT07030881 Phase: NA Started: 2025-06-17

This study evaluates whether adding a spacer device to triple inhaled therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA via pMDI) can reduce acute exacerbations in elderly patients (≥65 years) with stable chronic airway diseases (COPD or asthma) who are classified as high-risk based on GOLD or GINA guidelines. High risk is de...

Effect of Perioperative Bronchodilator in COPD Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Surgery Active Not Recruiting
NCT04536675 Phase: PHASE3 Started: 2021-04-01

This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of perioperative dual bronchodilator therapy on post-operative pulmonary function and health-related quality of life (QoL) in mild-to-moderate less symptomatic COPD patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. Investigators hypoth...

The Prevalence of COPD in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and the Benefit of Cardiopulmonary Co-management Recruiting
NCT06909773 Phase: NA Started: 2025-11-28

This is a multi-center, prospective, and interventional study conducted in 3 types of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) participants , including 3 cohorts which are patients with newly or previously diagnosed coronary heart disease ( CHD), atrial fibrillation ( AF) and chronic heart failure (CHF).

Health Literacy, Physical and Cognitive Function, Health-related Behaviors, and Quality of Life in COPD Recruiting
NCT06497816 Phase: N/A Started: 2024-06-15

Health literacy is important for controlling disease progression and living a healthy life with illness. High health literacy is associated with higher cognitive performance and lower health-related quality of life. Physical, psychological, and social impairments are seen in chronic obstructive pulm...

Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Tozorakimab in Participants With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With a History of Exacerbations (PROSPERO). Completed
NCT05742802 Phase: PHASE3 Started: 2023-03-06

Subjects who completed either OBERON or TITANIA will be offered the opportunity to consent for this Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo controlled, Parallel Group, Phase 3, extension study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Tozorakimab in adult participants with symptomatic COPD.

Laying the Foundation for Building a Resilient KPNC Community in the Face of Worsening Air Quality Due to Wildfire Smoke Active Not Recruiting
NCT07118189 Phase: NA Started: 2025-10-07

The overarching goal of this project is to conduct a pilot intervention in high-risk Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to mitigate their exposure to poor air quality and decrease exacerbations of lung disease.

Effect of Combined Endurance Training on ADL and Walking in COPD Patients Recruiting
NCT05708443 Phase: NA Started: 2023-01-10

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with related exercise intolerance and marked disability due to symptoms such as dyspnea and fatigue. Effort intolerance and exercise-induced symptoms cause marked impairment in completing activities of daily living (ADL). Pulmonary re...

Michigan Early Disease Progression Cohort Active Not Recruiting
NCT04968249 Phase: N/A Started: 2021-07-30

The aim of this project is to develop a disease progression cohort within the University of Michigan Health System to capture pulmonary function, symptom assessments and quantitative imaging among patients at risk for or with an established diagnosis of COPD, focusing however on "early" COPD (age 30...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “COPD” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 10-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

60 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 56 not found by the gene-target search above.

RV568NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01475292 NCT01475292

Atrovent Respimat (20 mcg)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400153

COMBIVENT MDI (36/206 mcg)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400153

Combivent Respimat (20 mcg/100 mcg)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400153

Placebo via corresponding inhaler for blinding purposesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400153

Handgrip strengthNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06220851

Roflumilast

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04069312

AzithromycinNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04069312

S1226(8%)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02334553

BCG vaccine (Danish strain 1331)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06257212

MMR VaccineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06257212

EducationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00268866

Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 MRI (Experimental)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03331302

Radioactive Xenon-133 scintigraphy (Active Comparator)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03331302

Interdisciplinary interventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07394712

Neural respiratory drive measurementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03443505

Conventional resistance training programNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01135966

Whole body vibration resistance training programNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01135966

Lung SealantNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05396131

Endobronchial Valve (EBV)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05396131

oxidative and antioxidant biomarkersNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02406053

Low-Dose Computed TomographyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02599883

Aclidinium bromideNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01462929

Tiotropium

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01462929

Adjustable bed backrestNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04963205

Veno-veno-arterial ECMONOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02859194

Test Product (tiotropium bromide inhalation powder)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05161156

18 mcg of Spiriva (Reference Product)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05161156

Use different methods of teachingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05374629

Treprostinil Inhalation Solution 36 mcgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06969573

Treprostinil Inhalation Solution 78 mcgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06969573

Induced sputumNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00655954

Regimen ANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03311373

Regimen BNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03311373

Regimen CNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03311373

Regimen DNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03311373

InsulinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00764556

CHF1535NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00929851

Formoterol fumarate

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00929851

GSK573719/GW642444 125/25mcgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01313637

GSK573719 125mcgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01313637

GW642444 25mcgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01313637

Placebo onlyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01313637

HUI score cardNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00457301

CM326 dose 1NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07418736

CM326 dose 2NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07418736

AZD2115 Dose 1NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02109406

AZD 2115, Dose 2NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02109406

Placebo MDINOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02109406

pMDI Triple Inhaler OnlyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07030881

GSK2269557NOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02522299

DISKUSNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02522299

ELLIPTANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02522299

Pedometer and WebsiteNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02099799

Itepekimab SAR440340NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04751487

Complete enteral formulaNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02102009

Tiotropium Inhalation SolutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00168844

Timed Up and GoNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03152344

Megestrol acetate

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00507949

QVA149NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02233543

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