Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Hepatitis C

Pharmacologically actionable gene targets, therapeutic agents ranked by evidence tier, and active clinical trials.

US DALYs146.1KWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs4.70MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality4,555 deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality88.1K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
NIH funding$86MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelWell-Funded
Spontaneous remissionSpontaneous clearance in <30% of acute cases; chronic infection rarely clears without treatment (<1%/year)
Best-intervention remission>95% cured (sustained virologic response at 12 weeks) with 8-12 week courses of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
Gap sizeNear-zero biological gap; large access/utilization gap
Primary barrieraccess
Full remission profile →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Spontaneous clearance in <30% of acute cases; chronic infection rarely clears without treatment (<1%/year)
Best-intervention remission
>95% cured (sustained virologic response at 12 weeks) with 8-12 week courses of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
Gap size
Near-zero biological gap; large access/utilization gap
Primary barrier
access
Only 65% of eligible patients with private insurance received DAA treatment as of 2020; rates declining since 2019; Medicaid restrictions remain in many states; $20,000+ drug cost for generics unavailable in US
Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: ● Clinical > ● Mechanistic > ● Correlative.

DDX58 1HAVCR2 78IFIT1 2IFNAR1 19IFNL3 25IFNL4 15IRF3 2IRF9 0MAVS 2MX1 0OAS1 3PDCD1 44STAT1 6TGFB1 62TLR3 18
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INARIGIVIR SOPROXIL ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SABATOLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
ANTI-TIM-3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ? unclear Mechanistic
PD1 INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic
ANTI-TIM3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY LY3321367 ? unclear Mechanistic
LOMVASTOMIG inhibits Mechanistic
COBOLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CHEMBL1569082 inhibits Mechanistic 810000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4876694 inhibits Mechanistic 330000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4866110 inhibits Mechanistic 250000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4860123 inhibits Mechanistic 40000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4870128 inhibits Mechanistic 40000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4852144 inhibits Mechanistic 50000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4864057 inhibits Mechanistic 90000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4871549 inhibits Mechanistic 90000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4870200 inhibits Mechanistic 40000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4854696 inhibits Mechanistic 40000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4863477 inhibits Mechanistic 10000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4865760 inhibits Mechanistic 130000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4876887 inhibits Mechanistic 450000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1610810 inhibits Mechanistic 460000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1462057 inhibits Mechanistic 530000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4854485 inhibits Mechanistic 740000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL69086 inhibits Mechanistic 670000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4864031 inhibits Mechanistic 780000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL2132792 inhibits Mechanistic 1400000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1576751 inhibits Mechanistic 850000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4848599 inhibits Mechanistic 2000.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4873902 inhibits Mechanistic 250.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4859588 inhibits Mechanistic 1600.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4860976 inhibits Mechanistic 2100.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4874818 inhibits Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4851756 inhibits Mechanistic 1800.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4872496 inhibits Mechanistic 2200.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4876721 inhibits Mechanistic 2300.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4864303 inhibits Mechanistic 2600.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4846039 inhibits Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4875904 inhibits Mechanistic 1300.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4868118 inhibits Mechanistic 970.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4873816 inhibits Mechanistic 550.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL4863017 inhibits Mechanistic 750.0 nM (Ki)

Showing top 40 of 78 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INTERFERON ALFACON-1 activates Mechanistic
INTERFERON BETA ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A activates Mechanistic
INTERFERON BETA-1B activates Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON BETA-1A activates Mechanistic
ALBINTERFERON ALFA-2B activates Mechanistic
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ~ modulates Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-2B activates Mechanistic
GLATIRAMER ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-N1 ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON BETA-1A activates Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFACON-1 ? unclear Mechanistic
ANIFROLUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B activates Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-N3 activates Mechanistic
SIFALIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL1617534 inhibits Mechanistic 4000.0 nM (Kd)
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ASUNAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
VOXILAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
PARITAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
SIMEPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
OMBITASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-N1 ? unclear Mechanistic
ELBASVIR/GRAZOPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
SOFOSBUVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
LEDIPASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
DELEOBUVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic
DASABUVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
DACLATASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
ELBASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic
RITONAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
SOFOSBUVIR / VELPATASVIR / VOXILAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
GRAZOPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
FALDAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
VELPATASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
TELAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
OMBITASVIR/PARITAPREVIR/RITONAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic
BOCEPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
LEDIPASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-N1 ? unclear Mechanistic
FALDAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
VELPATASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
DELEOBUVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic
OMBITASVIR/PARITAPREVIR/RITONAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
ASUNAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
BOCEPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic
DACLATASVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic
SIMEPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
VOXILAPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
ELBASVIR/GRAZOPREVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RECOMBINANT INTERFERON ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL4471585 activates Mechanistic 27600.0 nM (EC50)

Pipeline results not yet available for this target. Run the pipeline to populate.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CHEMBL5653589 inhibits Mechanistic 392.68 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL3752910 inhibits Mechanistic 5243.38 nM (Kd)

Pipeline results not yet available for this target. Run the pipeline to populate.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PEMBROLIZUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
PUCOTENLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
TISLELIZUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
EZABENLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
ANTI-PD-1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SYM021 ? unclear Mechanistic
AMP-224 ? unclear Mechanistic
SPARTALIZUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
DOSTARLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CEMIPLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CT-011 ? unclear Mechanistic
LOMVASTOMIG inhibits Mechanistic
PIDILIZUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CADONILIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CAMRELIZUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
PENPULIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
MEDI0680 ? unclear Mechanistic
FINOTONLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CETRELIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
SERPLULIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
BUDIGALIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
LIPUSTOBART ? unclear Mechanistic
DURVALUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
BALSTILIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
RETIFANLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
TEBOTELIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic
APL-501 inhibits Mechanistic
VUDALIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
AUNP-12 ? unclear Mechanistic
CS-1003 inhibits Mechanistic
ZIMBERELIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
PIMIVALIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
SINTILIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CC-90006 ? unclear Mechanistic
GEPTANOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
TORIPALIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
NIVOLUMAB inhibits Mechanistic
SASANLIMAB inhibits Mechanistic
CHEMBL4436009 inhibits Mechanistic 3390.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4458745 inhibits Mechanistic 3140.0 nM (Kd)

Showing top 40 of 44 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CISPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL:CHEMBL85826 ? unclear Mechanistic
PICOPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic
GUTTIFERONE K ? unclear Mechanistic
IPRIFLAVONE ? unclear Mechanistic
GARCINOL ? unclear Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
SILYMARIN ? unclear Mechanistic
RITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
VERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic
PROTEASOME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic
FRESOLIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
ATENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ~ modulates Mechanistic
NISEVOKITUG ? unclear Mechanistic
LUSPATERCEPT inhibits Mechanistic
TRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ? unclear Mechanistic
VITAMIN E ? unclear Mechanistic
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
INOSITOL ? unclear Mechanistic
NICOTINE POLACRILEX ? unclear Mechanistic
FENRETINIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
MELATONIN ? unclear Mechanistic
ISOTRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic
VACTOSERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 12.9 nM (IC50)
TRIAMCINOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic
TAMOXIFEN ? unclear Mechanistic
ADRIAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic
HEPARAN SULFATE ? unclear Mechanistic
GOSSYPOL ? unclear Mechanistic
TCDD ? unclear Mechanistic
AMIFOSTINE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic
RAMIPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic
ANTIOXIDANT ? unclear Mechanistic
SOTATERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
GALUNISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic
KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN ? unclear Mechanistic
PIRFENIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic
H2O2 ? unclear Mechanistic
THERAPEUTIC ANDROGEN ? unclear Mechanistic
SANDOSTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic
BROXURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic
DISITERTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic

Showing top 40 of 62 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
POLY ICLC ? unclear Mechanistic
POLY(I:C) activates Mechanistic
BEVASIRANIB activates Mechanistic
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
RINTATOLIMOD activates Mechanistic
IL-4 ? unclear Mechanistic
IL-13 ? unclear Mechanistic
MEASLES VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic
BEVASIRANIB SODIUM activates Mechanistic
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL4064228 activates Mechanistic 42500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL4074408 activates Mechanistic 4800.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL4105063 activates Mechanistic 22300.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL4636498 inhibits Mechanistic 5440.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4647818 inhibits Mechanistic 2160.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4795714 inhibits Mechanistic 2400.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL19954 inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4303728 inhibits Mechanistic 3440.0 nM (IC50)

Clinical Trials

Recruiting and recently completed trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Data retrieved 2026-07-06.

No recent clinical trials found on ClinicalTrials.gov for this condition.


Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Hepatitis C” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 15-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

60 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 56 not found by the gene-target search above.

Ribavirin

· 8 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01833533 NCT02786537 NCT00484328

Peginterferon alfa-2b (SCH 54031)NOT in gene-target list

· 5 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00723931 NCT00705666 NCT00302081

pegylated interferon alpha 2a and ribavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00540345 NCT00540345 NCT00629967

DanoprevirNOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01220947 NCT01220947 NCT01220947

BMS-790052NOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01051414 NCT01016912 NCT01016912

Peginterferon alfa-2a

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00006164 NCT00491244 NCT01853254

ribavirin (SCH 18908)NOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00302081 NCT00302081 NCT00705666

PegIntron (peginterferon alfa-2b; SCH 54031)NOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00724854 NCT00081770 NCT00081770

Pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00540345 NCT00629967

Ritonavir

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01220947 NCT01323257

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03057847 NCT03809533

erythromycinNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01323257 NCT01323257

TMC435NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01323257 NCT01323257

BI 201335 NA 120 mg capsuleNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01704846 NCT01704846

BI 201335 NA 40 mg capsuleNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01704846 NCT01704846

Peginterferon alfa-2a [Pegasys]NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01066819 NCT00475072

Rebetol (ribavirin; SCH 18908)NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00724854 NCT00081770

pegylated interferon alpha 2a, ribavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02377856

pegylated interferon alpha 2a and plus ribavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00540345

VitaliverNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00562783

Telaprevir; EscitalopramNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00933894

CP 675,206NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01008358

CopegusNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01220947

PegasysNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01220947

ABT-450/r/ABT-267, ABT-333NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01833533

Placebo for RibavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01833533

BMS-650032NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01051414

Computer-assisted counselingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

On-demand counselingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

Standard counselingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

Appointment + reminderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

ReminderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

No appointment and no reminderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02752152

Peginterferon alfa-2a + RibavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00006164

Glecaprevir/PibrentasvirNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03235349

FK788NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00047814

Daclatasvir, Asunaprevir and BMS-791325 FDCNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02104843

BMS-791325NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02104843

RosuvastatinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02104843

Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00491244

VX-950NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00251199

peginterferonNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00251199

DarunavirNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01323257

Citalopram or PlaceboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00108563

Pegylated-Interferon Alfa 2b (PEG-IFN)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01482767

Ribavirin (RBV)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01482767

Boceprevir (BOC)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01482767

PegIntronNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00709228

RebetolNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00709228

AutoinjectorNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01087944

Pre-filled syringeNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01087944

GS-5885 tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

GS-9451 tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

tegobuvir capsuleNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

ribavirin tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

placebo matching ribavirin tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

placebo matching tegobuvir capsuleNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01434498

SOF/LDV (sofosbuvir/ledipasvir)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02786537

PrOD (ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with dasabuvir) (Phase 1 only)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02786537

EBR/GZR (elbasvir/grazoprevir)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02786537

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