Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

60-85% achieve seizure freedom on medication; of those, 50-75% remain seizure-free after withdrawal (varies by syndrome and duration of freedom)

Best-intervention remission

Not clearly higher than on-medication rates -- the real gap is behavioral/practice

Gap size

Small biological gap; large practice gap

Primary barrier

practice

Only 26-45% of seizure-free patients who are candidates for medication withdrawal ever attempt it; physician and patient reluctance vastly exceeds biological risk

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: ● Clinical > ● Mechanistic > ● Correlative.

GABRA1 133 GABRA2 237 GABRB3 109 GRIN2A 74 GRIN2B 238 HCN1 33 KCNQ2 10 KCNQ3 16 KCNT1 73 MTOR 324 SCN1A 90 SCN2A 248 SCN8A 238 SLC6A1 6

GABRA1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETIFOXINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DIAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHARBITAL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
L838417	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GANAXOLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THIAMYLAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
EVT 201	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ADINAZOLAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ZK-93423	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AMOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETHCHLORVYNOL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SECOBARBITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MEPHOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHAQUALONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PAGOCLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THIOCOLCHICOSIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
[3H]AZIETOMIDATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TRIAZOLAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BARBITURATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LORAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BUTOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TETRAHYDRODEOXYCORTICOSTERONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLOTIAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MEPROBAMATE	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
[3H]CGS8216	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PROPOFOL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLOBAZAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SEVOFLURANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHOXYFLURANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LOREDIPLON	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CIPEPOFOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INDIPLON	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PHENOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PRAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLORAZEPATE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 133 agents ranked by evidence tier.

GABRA2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
METHARBITAL	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OCINAPLON	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
THIOPENTAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DIAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	17.0 nM (Ki)	DGIdb
PENTOBARBITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FLUDIAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ADINAZOLAM	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ADIPIPLON	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CLORAZEPATE DIPOTASSIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ENFLURANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FLUNITRAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ETOMIDATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BUTOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CLONAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ESZOPICLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MEPROBAMATE	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRIMIDONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ETIFOXINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FLURAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TEMAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ALPRAZOLAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	12.0 nM (EC50)	DGIdb
OXAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SECOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LORAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HALOTHANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FLUMAZENIL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	0.7943 nM (Ki)	DGIdb
BUTABARBITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ABP-700	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GANAXOLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SECOBARBITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HEXOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZOPICLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DARIGABAT	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
COCAINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MEPHOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TALBUTAL	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 237 agents ranked by evidence tier.

GABRB3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
METHOXYFLURANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
QUAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GABOXADOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CINOLAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HALOTHANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLONAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GLUTETHIMIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PRAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PAGOCLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TRIAZOLAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RESEQUINIL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETIFOXINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ESZOPICLONE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PROPOFOL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TEMAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ALPRAZOLAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ESTAZOLAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FOSPROPOFOL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETHCHLORVYNOL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LORAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ADIPIPLON	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLOTIAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLUDIAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TALBUTAL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHARBITAL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CHLORMETHIAZOLE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETAZOLATE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CIPEPOFOL	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HALAZEPAM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ACAMPROSATE CALCIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLUMAZENIL	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SEVOFLURANE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHOHEXITAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METHYPRYLON	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
THIAMYLAL SODIUM	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
BROMAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 109 agents ranked by evidence tier.

GRIN2A

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PHILANTHOTOXIN 343	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AZD8108	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RALFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CONANTOKIN-G	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NVP-AAM077	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GW468816	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
APIMOSTINEL	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SELFOTEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MEMANTINE HYDROCHLORIDE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FELBAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NEBOGLAMINE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ZOLBETUXIMAB	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GV196771A	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
[3H]CGP61594	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
[3H]DIZOCILPINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
(RS)-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)GLYCINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
L689560	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PERZINFOTEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AV-101	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
GLYCINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MG2+	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NERAMEXANE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
D-AP5	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NBQX	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
L701324	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LANICEMINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NERAMEXANE MESYLATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CGP37849	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ESKETAMINE	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INDANTADOL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
D-CCPENE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DEXANABINOL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
[3H]D-ASPARTIC ACID	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TCN-201	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LY233053	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SAGE-718	~ modulates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
(+)-HA966	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NMDA	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 74 agents ranked by evidence tier.

GRIN2B

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
DIMIRACETAM	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PERZINFOTEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
[3H]CGP39653	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENCYCLIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DEXANABINOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RAPASTINEL	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DELUCEMINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMANTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RISLENEMDAZ	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ELIPRODIL	? unclear	Mechanistic	13.0 nM (Ki)	DGIdb
INDANTADOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SEVOFLURANE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAGE-718	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
L689560	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ONFASPRODIL	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HOMOQUINOLINIC ACID	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NEBOGLAMINE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DIZOCILPINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LY233053	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GLYCINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ESKETAMINE	~ modulates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
[3H]CGP61594	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
[3H]MDL105519	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RADIPRODIL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NBQX	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SEMAPIMOD	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SELFOTEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SERINE, D-	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
COMPOUND 18C [PMID: 25901531]	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AZD8108	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
[3H]L689560	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TRAXOPRODIL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	74.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
N1-DANSYL-SPERMINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
[3H]D-ASPARTIC ACID	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NERAMEXANE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NVP-AAM077	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 238 agents ranked by evidence tier.

HCN1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
TRAMADOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DESMETRAMADOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL2052019	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	158.49 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823665	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1258.93 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823666	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	398.11 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823667	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	630.96 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823668	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	25118.86 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823669	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	63095.73 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823670	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	100000.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823671	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	19952.62 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823673	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	25118.86 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823674	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	630.96 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823675	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	50118.72 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823676	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15848.93 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1435630	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	398.11 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823677	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	125.89 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823678	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	63095.73 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823874	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15.85 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823875	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	31.62 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823876	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	251.19 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823878	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	31.62 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823879	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	50.12 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823880	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	79.43 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823881	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	199.53 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823882	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	398.11 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823883	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15848.93 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823885	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1584.89 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823886	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	398.11 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823887	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	316.23 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823888	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	630.96 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1823889	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2511.89 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL6195028	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	48.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL6195037	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	40000.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL

KCNQ2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TEDISAMIL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DALFAMPRIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
EZOGABINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AMIFAMPRIDINE PHOSPHATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NERISPIRDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ICA-105665	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLINDOKALNER	↑ activates	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CELECOXIB	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
AMIFAMPRIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb

KCNQ3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
EZOGABINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic	3900.0 nM (EC50)	DGIdb
AZETUKALNER	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DALFAMPRIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NERISPIRDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ICA-105665	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CELECOXIB	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GABAPENTIN	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LINOPIRDINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FLINDOKALNER	↑ activates	Mechanistic	2400.0 nM (EC50)	DGIdb
TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMIFAMPRIDINE PHOSPHATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TEDISAMIL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
AMIFAMPRIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL4545892	↑ activates	Mechanistic	10500.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4457044	↑ activates	Mechanistic	920.0 nM (EC50)	ChEMBL

KCNT1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
PHORBOL 12-MYRISTATE 13-ACETATE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NICLOSAMIDE	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINIDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	15800.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
LOXAPINE	↑ activates	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CLOFILIUM	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL4793291	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	167.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4763819	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	3314.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4793050	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	11430.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4783466	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	335.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4789512	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1597.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4779088	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	977.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4783741	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	136.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4759833	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	6489.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4750826	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1373.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4777757	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	4466.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4786255	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	165.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4751954	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	5245.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4755742	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	11800.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4744857	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1410.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4740667	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2642.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4788669	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	27.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4781553	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	573.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4795194	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	454.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4743249	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	505.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4763955	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	16.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4750925	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	322.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4754084	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	61.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4793279	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	195.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4741793	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	40.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4776478	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	6282.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4745211	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	744.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4758890	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	778.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4744290	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	9285.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL4750807	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1876.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL5218502	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	3200.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL5219121	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	3000.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL1730394	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2400.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL5219965	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	4900.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL5218475	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1400.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL
CHEMBL5220721	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2400.0 nM (IC50)	ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 73 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MTOR

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
VISTUSERTIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
EVEROLIMUS	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SIROLIMUS	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	3.467 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
PYRROLIDINE DITHIOCARBAMATE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SU9516	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
THAPSIGARGIN	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CGS 15943	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RIDAFOROLIMUS	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PALOMID-529	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PROPAFENONE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZOTAROLIMUS	? unclear	Mechanistic	3.3 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
GEDATOLISIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TEMSIROLIMUS	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DS-3078A	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MTOR INHIBITOR	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SYK INHIBITOR III	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL587620	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PF-04691502	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LY-294002	? unclear	Mechanistic	2500.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
ISOPROTERENOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ME-344	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ALPELISIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAMOTOLISIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PERPHENAZINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MIBEFRADIL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TG100-115	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TAFA-93	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SF1126	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ALBUMIN-BOUND NANOPARTICLES	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
GOSSYPOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENETHYLISOTHIOCYANATE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL599088	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL600334	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL591618	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CAFFEIC ACID PHENETHYL ESTER	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DIPHENYLENEIODONIUM	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL605077	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
VANOXERINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
WIN55212-2	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAPANISERTIB	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 324 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SCN1A

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
TETRACAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PHENACEMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RILUZOLE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
SAFINAMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PHENYTOIN SODIUM	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CHLOROPROCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FLUOROURACIL	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETHOSUXIMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
FOSPHENYTOIN	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DISOPYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RUFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
IRAMPANEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
QUINIDINE SULFATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ETIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
INDECAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
QUINIDINE POLYGALACTURONATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ZONISAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LIDOCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
NITRAZEPAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
RALFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HEXYLCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PRILOCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ENCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
QUINIDINE GLUCONATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CLOBAZAM	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TOCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PRIMIDONE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
ANTICONVULSANT AGENT	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TETRODOTOXIN	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
MERETHOXYLLINE PROCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
CENOBAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
LACOSAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 90 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SCN2A

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PROPOFOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OXCARBAZEPINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAFINAMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PROCAINAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PROPOXYCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MERETHOXYLLINE PROCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DISOPYRAMIDE PHOSPHATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRILOCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CENOBAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NKTR-171	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENYTOIN SODIUM	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINIDINE SULFATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TETRACAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	1100.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FOSPROPOFOL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RALFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LAMOTRIGINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	10000.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TETRODOTOXIN	? unclear	Mechanistic	14.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZONISAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENOBARBITAL	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LACOSAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
IRAMPANEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FOSPHENYTOIN	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MORICIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RILUZOLE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	2200.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
PHENACEMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRIMIDONE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ENCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 248 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SCN8A

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Potency	Source
CHLOROPROCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRILOCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENYTOIN SODIUM	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LACOSAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RALFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ENCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LIDOCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
FOSPHENYTOIN	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CARBAMAZEPINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINIDINE POLYGALACTURONATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
IRAMPANEL	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ZANDATRIGINE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOCAINIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TETRACAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	520.0 nM (IC50)	DGIdb
MORICIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
SAFINAMIDE	? unclear	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ORPHENADRINE CITRATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NKTR-171	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PRIMIDONE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
TOPIRAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MERETHOXYLLINE PROCAINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ROPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
BENOXINATE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
EVENAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
HEXYLCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ARTICAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINIDINE GLUCONATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
NERISPIRDINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MEPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
ETIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
CENOBAMATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
OXCARBAZEPINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
PHENAZOPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
MEXILETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
LAMOTRIGINE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
RUFINAMIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
COCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb
QUINIDINE SULFATE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic		DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 238 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SLC6A1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Therapeutic Agent	Effect Direction	Evidence Tier	Source
CI-966	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
METADOXINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
COCAINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TIAGABINE HYDROCHLORIDE	↓ inhibits	Mechanistic	DGIdb
HINOKININ	? unclear	Mechanistic	DGIdb
TIAGABINE	? unclear	Mechanistic	Open Targets

Clinical Trials

Recruiting and recently completed trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Data retrieved 2026-07-06.

No recent clinical trials found on ClinicalTrials.gov for this condition.

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Epilepsy” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 14-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

60 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 52 not found by the gene-target search above.

Lacosamide

Approved · 6 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02477839 NCT01484977 NCT00655551

Levetiracetam

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06393309 NCT00643500

topiramate

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00236730 NCT00236756

Emotion Memory TestingNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00486239 NCT00486239

Brivaracetam 2.5 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00464269 NCT00464269

Vitamin ENOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00004637

Rufinamide

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01405053

Any other approved Antiepileptic DrugNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01405053

Wearable seizure prediction and alert glassesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07139457

Oral prednisoloneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01575639

EEGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06934356

Eye TrackingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06934356

Behavioral taskNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06934356

fMRINOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06934356

Ganaxolone

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04391569

Oxcarbazepine

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00618046

ETX101NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06112275

Lyrica (pregabalin)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00351611

Perampanel 10 MGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06450236

Fycompa 10Mg TabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06450236

almotriptan malateNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00210509

Mandalas of EmotionsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04220333

Vitamin DNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07085598

NIRSNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02899832

ZX008 0.2 or 0.8 mg/kg/dayNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03355209

Matching PlaceboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03355209

Fish oil (Super Omega-3, 4 caps/d) vs. placeboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00299533

MelatoninNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2/3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05439876

ReACTNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02801136

Supportive TherapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02801136

Air polishing with erythritol powderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06144034

Conventional treatmentNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06144034

Sodium valproateNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06393309

STARNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01851057

Education OnlyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01851057

Activity Tracker GroupNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04357912

Standard of Care GroupNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04357912

DIXI Medical Microdeep® Micro- Macro Depth electrodesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06105645

Standard electrodesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06105645

Brivaracetam (ucb34714)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00426673

Brain magnetic resonance imagingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04986683

Neuro-psychology testingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04986683

EEG/fMRINOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03582345

nL-ATN1-002NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07084311

NeuroPort micro-electrode arrayNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02932839

TLE Arm 1NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00486239

Emotion Memory TestNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00486239

Lamotrigine tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00605371

Lamotrigine capletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00605371

retigabine/ezogabineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01587339

zonisamide

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01587339

pregabalinNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01587339

eslicarbazepine

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01587339

SPN-817NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06798896

Dimension-Based Statistical LearningNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05209386

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (Nemos®, Cerbomed GmbH)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02409069

Sham stimulation (Nemos®, Cerbomed GmbH)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02409069

Computer based task with EEGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06877260

Transcranial Direct Current StimulationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01415362

Brivaracetam 10 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00464269

Epilepsy

Remission & chronicity

GABRA1

GABRA2

GABRB3

GRIN2A

GRIN2B

HCN1

KCNQ2

KCNQ3

KCNT1

MTOR

SCN1A

SCN2A

SCN8A

SLC6A1

Lacosamide

Levetiracetam

topiramate

Emotion Memory TestingNOT in gene-target list

Brivaracetam 2.5 mgNOT in gene-target list

Vitamin ENOT in gene-target list

Rufinamide

Any other approved Antiepileptic DrugNOT in gene-target list

Wearable seizure prediction and alert glassesNOT in gene-target list

Oral prednisoloneNOT in gene-target list

EEGNOT in gene-target list

Eye TrackingNOT in gene-target list

Behavioral taskNOT in gene-target list

fMRINOT in gene-target list

Ganaxolone

Oxcarbazepine

ETX101NOT in gene-target list

Lyrica (pregabalin)NOT in gene-target list

Perampanel 10 MGNOT in gene-target list

Fycompa 10Mg TabletNOT in gene-target list

almotriptan malateNOT in gene-target list

Mandalas of EmotionsNOT in gene-target list

Vitamin DNOT in gene-target list

NIRSNOT in gene-target list

ZX008 0.2 or 0.8 mg/kg/dayNOT in gene-target list

Matching PlaceboNOT in gene-target list

Fish oil (Super Omega-3, 4 caps/d) vs. placeboNOT in gene-target list

MelatoninNOT in gene-target list

ReACTNOT in gene-target list

Supportive TherapyNOT in gene-target list

Air polishing with erythritol powderNOT in gene-target list

Conventional treatmentNOT in gene-target list

Sodium valproateNOT in gene-target list

STARNOT in gene-target list

Education OnlyNOT in gene-target list

Activity Tracker GroupNOT in gene-target list

Standard of Care GroupNOT in gene-target list

DIXI Medical Microdeep® Micro- Macro Depth electrodesNOT in gene-target list

Standard electrodesNOT in gene-target list

Brivaracetam (ucb34714)NOT in gene-target list

Brain magnetic resonance imagingNOT in gene-target list

Neuro-psychology testingNOT in gene-target list

EEG/fMRINOT in gene-target list

nL-ATN1-002NOT in gene-target list

NeuroPort micro-electrode arrayNOT in gene-target list

TLE Arm 1NOT in gene-target list

Emotion Memory TestNOT in gene-target list

Lamotrigine tabletNOT in gene-target list

Lamotrigine capletNOT in gene-target list

retigabine/ezogabineNOT in gene-target list

zonisamide

pregabalinNOT in gene-target list

eslicarbazepine

SPN-817NOT in gene-target list

Dimension-Based Statistical LearningNOT in gene-target list

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (Nemos®, Cerbomed GmbH)NOT in gene-target list

Sham stimulation (Nemos®, Cerbomed GmbH)NOT in gene-target list

Computer based task with EEGNOT in gene-target list

Transcranial Direct Current StimulationNOT in gene-target list

Brivaracetam 10 mgNOT in gene-target list

Part of the Open Source Medicine Foundation Network