Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Chronic Kidney Disease

Pharmacologically actionable gene targets, therapeutic agents ranked by evidence tier, and active clinical trials.

US DALYs2.70MWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs43.51MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality104.2K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality1.39M deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
NIH funding$745MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelModerate
Spontaneous remissionGFR decline averages 2-5 mL/min/year on standard care (ACE/ARB + blood pressure control); progression to end-stage…
Best-intervention remissionSGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce progression to ESRD by 30-35% in CKD trials (EMPA-KIDNEY…
Gap sizeModerate — SGLT2 inhibitors represent a genuine paradigm shift but are dramatically underused
Primary barrierpractice/access
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker / Chronic Disease Interventions / Chronic Kidney Disease / Biomarker Atlas →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
GFR decline averages 2-5 mL/min/year on standard care (ACE/ARB + blood pressure control); progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in ~20-30% at 10 years for moderate CKD; reversal essentially impossible once structural fibrosis established
Best-intervention remission
SGLT2 inhibitors (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) reduce progression to ESRD by 30-35% in CKD trials (EMPA-KIDNEY, DAPA-CKD); finerenone (non-steroidal MRA) adds 15-20% additional protection; combination slows but does not reverse disease
Gap size
Moderate — SGLT2 inhibitors represent a genuine paradigm shift but are dramatically underused
Primary barrier
practice/access
SGLT2 inhibitors have robust evidence for CKD protection regardless of diabetes status (EMPA-KIDNEY 2023) but prescribing rates in non-diabetic CKD remain very low; ACE/ARB as sole strategy (established in 1990s-2000s) still dominant despite the new data
Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: ● Clinical > ● Mechanistic > ● Correlative.

ACE 229AGTR1 249C5 27CFH 3COL4A5 2EDNRA 208NFE2L2 1025NR3C2 213SLC5A2 190TGFB1 62

ACE

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SALVIANOLIC ACID B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CANDOXATRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CILAZAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TP0556351 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SILDENAFIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEMFIBROZIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RESCINNAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPIRAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INDOMETHACIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARGIPRESSIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METOPROLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DELAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ACETYLCHOLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IMIDAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MALATHION ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOEXIPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic 56.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
VORINOSTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ILEPATRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RXP470.1 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CGS-27023A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NITROPRUSSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.2 nM (IC50) DGIdb
TORSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FOSINOPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FUROSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TEMOCAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBARIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUINAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic 8.3 nM (IC50) DGIdb
COMPOUND 1 [PMID: 24900526] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 20 [PMID: 22153340] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUMETANIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALLOPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD6605 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 229 agents ranked by evidence tier.

AGTR1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL586135 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VALSARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4700.0 nM (Ki) DGIdb
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FIMASARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ASCORBIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC ANDROSTANOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL347610 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL421088 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.5 nM (IC50) DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1492017 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPARSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SODIUM CHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL261693 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1972216 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EPROSARTAN ? unclear Mechanistic 7.3 nM (IC50) DGIdb
C-FOS ANTISENSE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SARALASIN ACETATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IRBESARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.1 nM (Ki) DGIdb
DISULFIRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAPRISARTAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
H2O2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL591834 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CAPTOPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOTENSIN II ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL400912 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IDOXIFENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL528694 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IL-6 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVODOPA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GAMMA-INTERFERON ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1445650 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MUSCLE RELAXANT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CL-329167 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 249 agents ranked by evidence tier.

C5

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
NOMACOPAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CA2+ ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUFENAMIC ACID ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ECULIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OCTANOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RAVULIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VILOBELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZILUCOPLAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CROVALIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TESIDOLUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBENOXOLONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OLENDALIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEXELIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AVACINCAPTAD PEGOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
POZELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZILUCOPLAN SODIUM ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
AVACINCAPTAD PEGOL SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
CARPROFEN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 580.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
OXAPROZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 640.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
SULINDAC ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 570.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
RALOXIFENE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 710.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2204196 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 440.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2203296 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 210.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4756677 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 620.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5594087 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 940.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5594178 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 700.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CEMDISIRAN ? unclear Clinical Open Targets

CFH

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
MENINGOCOCCAL GROUP B VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ECULIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL559015 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 44000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

COL4A5

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
COLLAGENASE CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OCRIPLASMIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

EDNRA

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
NEBENTAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATRASENTAN ? unclear Mechanistic 0.31 nM (IC50) DGIdb
TBC-3711 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLAZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMBRISENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MACITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SITAXENTAN SODIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DARUSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BOSENTAN ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENRASENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.1 nM (Ki) DGIdb
ZIBOTENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FR139317 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AVOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SPARSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BQ-123 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATRASENTAN HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TEZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 23.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ENDOTHELIN-1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOVATELTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SITAXENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.4 nM (IC50) DGIdb
APROCITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BOSENTAN ? unclear Mechanistic 6.5 nM (Ki) Open Targets
CHEMBL266628 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL170335 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12590 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL11528 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL417429 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 415.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12348 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 700.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL175228 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.3 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12779 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 105.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12106 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12233 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL174699 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL11840 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL367033 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL369821 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 450.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12703 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL275523 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 16.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL12557 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 208 agents ranked by evidence tier.

NFE2L2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1537417 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIMVASTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL591631 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL578929 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MIFEPRISTONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL224318 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DICUMAROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-NITROFLUORENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL530291 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNICARBATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
5-FLUOROURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZO[E]PYRENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIPHENADIONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RABEPRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-METHOXY-1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DINITRO CRESOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALDICARB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIMYCIN A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELENGESTROL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL168075 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
WORTMANNIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HEXYLRESORCINOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOFLUPREDONE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LITHIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
1-NAPHTHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NANAOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NIFEDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-AMINOANTHRACENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL426404 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHOTREXATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
E1501 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1329443 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL531710 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZAMETHIPHOS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 1025 agents ranked by evidence tier.

NR3C2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SPIRONOLACTONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.323 nM (Ki) DGIdb
EPLERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CORTICOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DROSPIRENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZODROCORTISONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
NIMODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUDROCORTISONE ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
VAMOROLONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUDESONIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LY-2623091 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ESAXERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
APARARENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-9977 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUDROCORTISONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CANRENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CANRENOATE POTASSIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FELODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD9567 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BALCINRENONE ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE ↑ activates Mechanistic 33.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
RU28318 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
XL550 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ONAPRISTONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 470.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
FLUTICASONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ZK112993 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PROGESTERONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ALDOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-03882845 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
FINERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LY2623091 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISOLONE ↑ activates Mechanistic 37.0 nM (Ki) DGIdb
OCEDURENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MT-3995 ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
CHEMBL134277 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL415524 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 334.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1197.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 213 agents ranked by evidence tier.

SLC5A2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TOFOGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SERGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IPRAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LICOGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HENAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
YM-543 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GLUFOSFAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IPRAGLIFLOZIN L-PROLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REMOGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ERTUGLIFLOZIN PIDOLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EMPAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ERTUGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SOTAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CANAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BEXAGLIFLOZIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFOGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN ? unclear Mechanistic 1.1 nM (EC50) Open Targets
CHEMBL183937 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187805 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187163 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187749 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL184530 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 230.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL184027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 70.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL188013 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 40.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL361672 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 520.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187056 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 290.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL360824 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1280.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL184364 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL359962 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL184183 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL183790 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 150.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL365222 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187686 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL186823 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL187060 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL362365 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 80.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL183689 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 70.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL371448 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 491.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL382302 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 458.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 190 agents ranked by evidence tier.

TGFB1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SILYMARIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROTEASOME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FRESOLIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
NISEVOKITUG ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LUSPATERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN E ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOSITOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NICOTINE POLACRILEX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FENRETINIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELATONIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOTRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VACTOSERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 12.9 nM (IC50) DGIdb
TRIAMCINOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMOXIFEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADRIAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HEPARAN SULFATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GOSSYPOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TCDD ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMIFOSTINE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RAMIPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIOXIDANT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOTATERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALUNISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
KEYHOLE LIMPET HEMOCYANIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIRFENIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
H2O2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC ANDROGEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SANDOSTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BROXURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DISITERTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 62 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Recruiting and recently completed trials from ClinicalTrials.gov. Data retrieved 2026-07-06.

No recent clinical trials found on ClinicalTrials.gov for this condition.

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Chronic Kidney Disease” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 10-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

60 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 59 not found by the gene-target search above.

Soluble Ferric PyrophosphateNOT in gene-target list

· 5 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01894906 NCT00548249 NCT00548249

Epoetin alfa

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00090753 NCT00307814

Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta [Mircera]NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01191983

Mupirocin ointmentNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400595

Polysporin TripleNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00400595

Egg white protein puddingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06343727

: Ensure PlusNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06343727

High-flux hemodialysisNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03190629

On line-hemodiafiltrationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03190629

Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin BetaNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00090753

Epoetin betaNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00090753

Darbepoetin alfaNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00090753

ProbioticsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05359094

temperature controlNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00438295

intensive individual support in nutrition and exerciseNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06040281

Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2aNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02829775

Recombinant Interferon Alfa 2aNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02829775

Assessment guiding surgery and puncture for AVFNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02880761

Curcumin supplementationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04413266

Empagliflozin 10 MGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06642272

Dapagliflozin 10 MGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06642272

JARDIANCE®NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06527846

EtelcalcetideNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01788046

walkingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02155127

NanoD4CKDNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05165173

MicroD4CKDNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05165173

EverolimusNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01239472

Sensipar®NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00189501

Diagnostic biomarker studyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04061811

RosuvastatinNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01863914

Program ANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06410144

Program BNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06410144

NSAIDsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06860711

LP groupNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05015647

Gastric Emptying Breath TestNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06306963

ZilebesiranNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06272487

RomidepsinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01638533

VericiguatNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07047547

PraliciguatNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07268638

PAL-40 ActiveNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00032435

PAL-40 PlaceboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00032435

phytomenadioneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04247087

placebo solutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04247087

estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuriaNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03458338

CR845NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03281538

calcium acetateNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00211978

Standard Bicarbonate SolutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00548249

Nitrate-rich beetroot juiceNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03826147

Nitrate-depleted beetroot juiceNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03826147

InformationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01439516

CKD RegistryNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01530958

ATSM + Health CoachNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01530958

Cholecalciferol - CKDNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01222234

Calcitriol - CKDNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01222234

Cholecalciferol - non-CKDNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01222234

AtorvastatinNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01257009

sonographic measurement of inferior vena cava diameterNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03061552

RIBOFLAVINNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 0 trials · source: Open Targets

SEVELAMER HYDROCHLORIDENOT in gene-target list

Approved · 0 trials · source: Open Targets

FOLIC ACIDNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 0 trials · source: Open Targets

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