Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Rheumatoid Arthritis

This page lists 13 druggable gene targets, 51 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Rheumatoid Arthritis, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

Plain-language summary → New Treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2026)

US DALYs220.4KWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs3.08MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality1,866 deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality37.4K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
NIH funding$66MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelModerate
Spontaneous remission11% achieve drug-free remission (DFR) at median 74 months; most cohorts show 10-15% DFR ceiling
Best-intervention remissionEarly aggressive treat-to-target improves DFR rates modestly; some biologic-era cohorts reach 20-25% DFR; on-drug…
Gap sizeSmall for drug-free remission (biological ceiling is genuinely low); large gap between on-drug remission and drug-free…
Primary barrierbiological (DFR); practice (on-drug remission underachieved due to treatment inertia)
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker Chronic Disease Interventions Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarker Atlas →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
11% achieve drug-free remission (DFR) at median 74 months; most cohorts show 10-15% DFR ceiling
Best-intervention remission
Early aggressive treat-to-target improves DFR rates modestly; some biologic-era cohorts reach 20-25% DFR; on-drug remission rates (DAS28 <2.6) reach 40-60% with modern biologics and JAK inhibitors
Gap size
Small for drug-free remission (biological ceiling is genuinely low); large gap between on-drug remission and drug-free remission
Primary barrier
biological (DFR); practice (on-drug remission underachieved due to treatment inertia)
Treat-to-target strategy is guideline-recommended but poorly implemented in routine care; many patients remain on inadequate therapy without escalation

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

CD80 12IL17A 72IL1B 218IL6 48IL6R 12JAK1 30JAK2 256JAK3 230MMP3 208MS4A1 26PTPN22 10TNF 91TNFSF11 46

CD80

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ABATACEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTINEOPLASTIC VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BELATACEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DNA VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLOPIDOGREL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROXITHROMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PICIBANIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOREMIFENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALIXIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VIAGENPUMATUCEL-L ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

IL17A

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SIMVASTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IL-12 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SECUKINUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TIBULIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BIMEKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-IL17A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CJM112 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VUNAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
M-1095 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AFASEVIKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PERAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GENTAMICIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZATHIOPRINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VIDOFLUDIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COVA322 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BRODALUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IXEKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IZOKIBEP ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REMTOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TETRACYCLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERYTHROMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MANNITOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ABBV-257 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CJM-112 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL4872876 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4858175 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.3 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4854787 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 89.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4878993 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.9 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4869568 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.2 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4876088 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.1 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4860250 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.3 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4866932 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.1 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4874078 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4845695 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.8 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4855085 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.6 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4860574 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4865978 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4870813 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4850368 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4851738 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 72 agents ranked by evidence tier.

IL1B

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MAFOSFAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIACETYLRHEIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INFLIXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LANSOPRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TILUDRONIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEVOKIZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
LUTIKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CELASTROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYTARABINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RILONACEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TT-301 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METFORMIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTICONVULSANT AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ACITRETIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERYTHROMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALTEPLASE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OFLOXACIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENTOXIFYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
USTEKINUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LITHIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DRUGSATFDA.NDA:008378 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NICARDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GLUCOSAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PAREGORIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CEFACLOR ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUDILAST ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELATONIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENTAMIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THYROGLOBULIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RISEDRONIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOANTIGEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CDP-484 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ETIDRONIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 218 agents ranked by evidence tier.

IL6

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CISPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZILTIVEKIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CHINESE HERBS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-04236921 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MRA 003 US ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINETRAKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUDILAST ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INSULIN, REGULAR, HUMAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SILTUXIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METRONIDAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLAZAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GALLIUM NITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEDI-5117 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GEMFIBROZIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BIAFINE CREAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ETANERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ELSILIMOMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SAQUINAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INFLIXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LINEZOLID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IFOSFAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OLOKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELENIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIRUKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ECHINACEA PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENZYME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN K ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN A PALMITATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIHYDROSPHINGOSINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 48 agents ranked by evidence tier.

IL6R

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SARILUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SATRALIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VOBARILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IL-6 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROTEASOME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BAZEDOXIFENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIRUKUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOROURACIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOCILIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

JAK1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IZENCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GOLIDOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1480 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DELGOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRICETAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEFICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BREPOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INCB-047986 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ABROCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENZASTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CERDULATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GLPG-0555 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SOLCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GUSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ITACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BARICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
DEURUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
TOFACITINIB CITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
UPADACITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets

JAK2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TYRPHOSTIN 23 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1480 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-562271 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
JAK2V617F INHIBITOR INCB160058 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TENALISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PACRITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BARICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NS-018 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TANESPIMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1208 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PICTILISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOVITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic 7000.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
AZ960 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GANDOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LUMINESPIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-1480 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TYRPHOSTIN AG 555 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GELDANAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL546797 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERLOTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic 4000.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
BINIMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PD-0166285 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SGI-1776 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
XL-019 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THIRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBOCICLIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALFENTANIL HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL29197 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CEP-11981 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DACTOLISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AT-9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.2 nM (IC50) DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 256 agents ranked by evidence tier.

JAK3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
JNJ-7706621 ? unclear Mechanistic 180.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
GUSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEFICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
DELGOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
UPADACITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
R-348 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRICETAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CYC-116 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PHA-767491 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUIZARTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADAVOSERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOTRASTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GO-6976 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
WHI-P131 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL379975 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LAUROGUADINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NVP-TAE684 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENTRECTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GW843682X ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITLECITINIB TOSYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CENISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic 12.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
BARICITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PACRITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AT9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RITLECITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PD-0166285 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AT-9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.1 nM (IC50) DGIdb
IZENCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 230 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MMP3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PRINOMASTAT ? unclear Mechanistic 1.1 nM (IC50) DGIdb
CTS-1027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYTRIONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MARIMASTAT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYACETAL B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYAMIDE B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ILOMASTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYDIONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLORTHALIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYAMIDE C ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYACETAL C ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BERKELEYACETAL A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL169084 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL313483 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 43.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL87113 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL338077 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.499 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL339219 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 54.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL151539 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL435271 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 526.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL85806 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL332134 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 18.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL338007 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.892 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL125598 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 23.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL127093 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 16.98 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL151718 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL357728 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL348210 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL86797 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL87229 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 15.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL85987 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 54.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL346624 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 16.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL353382 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL167278 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL169996 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL86468 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2200.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL314251 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 17.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL431601 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 112.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL125281 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 184.08 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 208 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MS4A1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RITUXIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
PLAMOTAMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
VELTUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
OBINUTUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
OFATUMUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD20 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
YTTRIUM Y 90 IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
LFB-R603 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
OCRELIZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
FBT-A05 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
DI-LEU16-IL2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OCARATUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
EPCORITAMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
GLOFITAMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
UBLITUXIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB 131I ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TISAGENLECLEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IODINE-131-TOSITUMOMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MT-3724 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ODRONEXTAMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD20 CAR TRANSDUCED CD4/CD8 ENRICHED T-CELLS MB-CART20.1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 1F5 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MOSUNETUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TRU-015 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb

PTPN22

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CLAVULANIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL598477 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SUCCIMER ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL599924 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLOXYQUIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL578512 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIPICOLINIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL601167 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL601757 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

TNF

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
NERELIMOMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CROMOLYN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PLACULUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLENE BLUE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALTEPLASE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBOPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GENTAMICIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GOLIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUPIVACAINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENTOXIFYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZO[E]PYRENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PYRAZINAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GLIMEPIRIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OMEPRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LENERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ADALIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
REMTOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LENABASUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MAGNESIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PICIBANIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MILTEFOSINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HOMIDIUM BROMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OZORALIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGSUNERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC HORMONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NAFAMOSTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FOLIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ABBV-257 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RISPERIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COVA322 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CERTOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AN0128 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
5,7-DIHYDROXY-4-METHYLCOUMARIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 91 agents ranked by evidence tier.

TNFSF11

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
DENOSUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LENALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL4165601 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2750.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4161101 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4540.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4172400 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30910.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4462272 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 17300.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4457006 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 614.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4454307 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3500.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4554653 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3100.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4560856 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2700.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1978769 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9800.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4436581 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13800.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4514088 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6300.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4470163 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7300.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL255489 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4756975 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3742191 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1880.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741720 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2860.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741275 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5070.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4745590 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2700.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4750116 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4797434 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4760595 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4752672 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4745373 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4794699 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8710.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4787527 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4900.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4783826 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6620.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741778 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4600.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3740423 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 17610.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3740948 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19060.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3740702 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11040.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3740051 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22300.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741922 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3550.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3740630 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12500.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3742150 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2820.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741278 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9310.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741437 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5340.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741883 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8490.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3741027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 18640.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 46 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Rheumatoid Arthritis: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

Study Evaluating Safety, Tolerability, PK/PD of Surovatamig in Adult RA or SLE Participants Recruiting
NCT07201558 Phase: 1 Started: 2025-12-02

This open-label, Phase I study will assess the safety and tolerability of surovatamig and characterise its PK and PD following subcutaneous administration to participants with RA or SLE.

Efficacy of JAK STAT Pathways Inhibitors in Treatment of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Completed
NCT05788705 Phase: N/A Started: 2025-04-05

There is no treatment that could utterly cure Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the disease is mainly improved by conventional disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs. Methotrexate and biological DMARDs as JAK-STAT inhibitors may be used to control and delay the progression of the disease and improve th...

A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Different Doses of ELV001 to Treat Active Rheumatoid Arthritis in Patients With an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibition (START SYNERGY) Recruiting
NCT07409103 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-02-18

This is a Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with a total duration of 32 weeks from Screening to End-of-Study (EOS) Visit. Approximately 180 participants are planned to be enrolled. The number of participants can be extended to maximally 220 to account for dropouts during the...

Safety of Cultured Allogeneic Adult Umbilical Cord or Placental Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Intravenous Infusion and Intra-Articular Injection for RA Recruiting
NCT05003934 Phase: 1 Started: 2021-11-07

This trial will study the safety and efficacy of intravenous infusion and intra-articular injection of cultured allogeneic adult umbilical cord or placental derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A Study of CLN-978, a Subcutaneously Administered CD19-directed T Cell Engager, in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT06994143 Phase: 1 Started: 2025-05-19

A Phase I, open-label study of CLN-978 in patients with treatment-refractory rheumatoid arthritis.

A Study With CIT-013 in RA Patients Completed
NCT06567470 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-07-29

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if CIT-013 works to treat rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It will also learn about the safety of CIT-013. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does CIT-013 lower the disease activity of RA patients? What medical problems do participants have when rece...

An Extension Study to Assess Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Afimkibart in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT07620392 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-06-03

The study will evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of Afimkibart (also known as RO7790121) in participants with moderate to severe Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) who have an inadequate response or intolerance to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and/or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and who were previou...

A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of RO7790121 in Participants With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Have Not Responded to or Who Cannot Tolerate Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and/or Janus Kinase (JAK Inhibitors) Recruiting
NCT07137598 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-12-05

This study will assess the efficacy and safety of Afimkibart (also known as RO7790121) compared with placebo in participants with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have an inadequate response or intolerance to TNF and/or JAK inhibitors.

A Study of F8IL10 Intra-articular Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT07245992 Phase: 1 Started: 2026-03-04

The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of F8IL10 when administered by intra-articular injection and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in order to establish the recommended dose (RD) in patients with Reumatoid Arthritis.

Phase 1b/2 Study of IV Sarilumab in Adult With RA Recruiting
NCT07704580 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2026-07-02

This is a Phase 1/Phase 2 study with: * 5-arms design for Part A; * and a single arm for Part B. The purpose of this study is to measure PK parameters and safety with sarilumab intravenous (IV) with or without concomitant oral conventional synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (csDMARDs) i...

A Trial in Healthy Adult Participants and Adults With Autoimmune Disease to Test How HBM7020 is Tolerated and Absorbed in the Body Recruiting
NCT07649265 Phase: 1 Started: 2026-09-24

This first-in-human study evaluates the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of HBM7020. The study will enroll healthy participants at low doses, followed by participants with moderate to severe autoimmune diseases with predominant B-cell involvement. Eligible...

A Study to Investigate Efficacy and Safety of AZD1163 in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT07276581 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-12-15

Phase II study in participants with moderately-to-severely active rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) to evaluate efficacy and safety of AZD1163.

A Study to Compare Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Immunogenicity of MB04 [Proposed Etanercept Biosimilar] to Enbrel® [EU-sourced] in Rheumatoid Arthritis Completed
NCT06596772 Phase: 3 Started: 2024-10-03

A study to compare efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity of MB04 \[proposed etanercept biosimilar\] to Enbrel® \[EU-sourced\] in rheumatoid arthritis

A Study to Evaluate Different Targeted Therapies for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT06972446 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-06-20

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing pain, stiffness, swelling and loss of joint function. This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeted therapies through a series of substudies for the treatment of moderately to severely active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)...

MethMax Trial: MAXimising the METHotrexate Therapy Potential in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Recruiting
NCT06649136 Phase: 4 Started: 2024-08-12

The MethMax trial is a prospective, international, multicentre, randomised, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, low intervention study. Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis treated with oral methotrexate up to 25 mg weekly will be randomised in 50:50 fashion to receive 25 mg oral vs subcutaneous ...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Rheumatoid Arthritis” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 13-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

51 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 43 not found by the gene-target search above.

adalimumab

Approved · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01185301 NCT00690573 NCT01592292

PF-04629991NOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00797342 NCT00797342 NCT00797342

Etanercept

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01623752 NCT01623752 NCT01592292

Sirukumab

Phase 3 · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01606761 NCT01606761 NCT01606761

methotrexateNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01185301 NCT04909801

Treatment ANOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01184001 NCT01184001

Treatment BNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01184001 NCT01184001

ianalumab (VAY736)NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05349214 NCT05350072

Rituximab

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00664521 NCT01592292

abatacept

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00547521 NCT04909801

Baricitinib 4 MGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05955066

JNJ-40346527NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01597739

Low dose of BIIL 284 BS tabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02247375

High dose of BIIL 284 BS tabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02247375

etanercept (CHS-0214)NOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02486939

adalimumab 40 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02019472

sirukumab 100 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02019472

sirukumab 50 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02019472

EnbrelNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00245934

NURSING FOLLOW-UP BY PHONENOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05863338

Total knee replacement with the ROCC® knee prosthesisNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02127619

GMK Sphere cementless Knee ReplacementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05003414

Dengue 1,2,3,4 (attenuated) vaccineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07087912

AtaciceptNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00664521

Placebo matched to ataciceptNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00664521

SAR441566NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06073093

Methotrexate (MTX)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00547521

clazakizumab (ALD518)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00867516

Filgotinib

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04985435

Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Drug (Product)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04985435

50 patients will have a Free Choice between Filgotinib and anti TNFNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04985435

AZD9567 MonohydratNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02512575

PrednisoloneNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02512575

Mavrilimumab 10 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01050998

Mavrilimumab 30 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01050998

Mavrilimumab 50 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01050998

Mavrilimumab 100 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01050998

Hydroxychloroquine

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01601028

MighTeaFlowNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01647737

XylitolNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01647737

Administration of LotemaxNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02322528

BR9001NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03718611

BR900ANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03718611

Infliximab

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01592292

losmapimod (GW856553)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00256919

genicular nerve blockNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04687930

intra-articular steroid injectionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04687930

DIMAC02NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02789800

KYV101NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06475495

Rituximab (active comparator)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06475495

Tofacitinib XRNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04876781

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.