Summary
Magnesium has reached Preclinical as its most advanced recorded development stage across any indication, and the database holds no approval for Type 2 Diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 8 registered trials linking Magnesium to Type 2 Diabetes: 1 is active or not yet recruiting; 3 have completed; 4 are terminated, withdrawn, suspended or of unknown status. The most advanced is Phase 4 (NCT01088165). The largest enrolment is 247 participants (NCT05774015). Registration activity spans 2007 to 2026. The literature layer holds 15 publications for this pair: 5 Cochrane reviews, 3 meta-analyses, 2 systematic reviews and 5 clinical trial publications. Publication years run from 2021 to 2026. Because at least one synthesis-level source exists (systematic review, meta-analysis or Cochrane review), this pair has been assessed beyond single studies, although the synthesis may concern a different indication.
The RepurpOS disease-intelligence file for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ranks 767 candidate therapeutics from Open Targets, ChEMBL, DGIdb and PubMed; only a minority carry direct clinical evidence, and this page covers one of those. Spontaneous remission context recorded for the condition: 1.6-1.7% at 7 years on standard care (population-level cohorts UK and US).
Evidence table
| Evidence tier | C · Preliminary |
|---|---|
| Evidence score | 56.0 (trials 21.0, literature 30.0, tier 5, approved bonus 0.0) |
| Registered trials | 8 total: 0 recruiting, 1 active / not yet recruiting, 3 completed, 4 other |
| Linked publications | 15 (5 Cochrane reviews, 5 clinical trial publications, 3 meta-analyses, 2 systematic reviews) |
| Agent type | Supplement |
| Development stage (any indication) | Preclinical |
| Mechanism / class | Potential dietary and lifestyle interventions for decreasing insulin resistance · Halma MTJ, Syed M, Marik PE · 2023 |
| Data sources | OSMF Chronic Disease Review |
How the evidence score is calculated
- Each registered trial scores by status (recruiting / active / enrolling 3, completed 2.5, not yet recruiting 2, unknown 1, terminated / withdrawn / suspended 0.5) plus a phase bonus (phase 3-4 +2, phase 2 +1, phase 1 +0.5). The trial component is capped at 30.
- Each literature item scores by design (Cochrane review 5, meta-analysis 4, systematic review 3, RCT 3, clinical trial publication 2, curated reference 1.5, other PubMed record 1). The literature component is capped at 30.
- The existing evidence tier adds 15 (A / Strong), 10 (B / Moderate), 5 (C / Preliminary) or 0 (D / Anecdotal).
- Agents approved for any indication (max clinical phase 4) add 5, because an approved agent has an established safety profile that lowers the barrier to repurposing trials.
- The score ranks what has been studied, not what works. It does not read effect sizes or directions of effect.
Registered clinical trials
| NCT ID | Title | Status | Phase | Enrolment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00699413 | Supplements for Controlling Resistance to Insulin 2008 | terminated | Phase 4 | 8 |
| NCT01088165 | The Influence of Adalimumab on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Psoriasis 2010 | status unknown | Phase 4 | 66 |
| NCT03592667 | Dapagliflozin on Blood Pressure Variability and Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index in Hypertension 2019 | status unknown | Phase 4 | 20 |
| NCT01173315 | The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications 2007 | completed | Phase 2 | 75 |
| NCT03622762 | Green Tea Extract on Soluble RAGE in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy 2018 | status unknown | Phase 2 | 30 |
| NCT03002545 | Magnesium Supplementation in Type II Diabetes 2016 | completed | Not applicable | 50 |
| NCT05774015 | Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Guided by Serum Ionized Magnesium Level 2023 | completed | Not applicable | 247 |
| NCT07606872 | Validation of the Snouda Metabolic Score for Phenotyping and Guiding Reversal in Type 2 Diabetes 2026 | not yet recruiting | Not applicable | 150 |
Published literature
- Clinical trial publication Magnesium supplementation did not reduce serum calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialMeer R, Xu JY, Newsom SP et al. · The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026 · PMID 41903889
- Meta-analysis Association Between Levels of Magnesium and Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisKubbara EA, Hamdan SZ, Hajali TA et al. · Nutrients · 2026 · PMID 41978212
- Systematic review Essential micronutrients and biguanides (metformin) synergistic and antagonistic interactions on neurocognitive outcomes in type two diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidenceNinsiima HI, Ainamani HE, Ayebazibwe G et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026 · PMID 41782745
- Clinical trial publication Can supplements with prebiotic fibres positively influence bone health in type 2 diabetes? Insights from a randomised controlled crossover trialBirkeland E, Bamigbetan WA, Molven KD et al. · Archives of osteoporosis · 2025 · PMID 40471453
- Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of hidden hunger on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetesMangal DK, Shaikh N, Tolani H et al. · Scientific reports · 2025 · PMID 41402393
- Meta-analysis Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysisMaqrashi NA, Busaidi SA, Al-Rasbi S et al. · Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025 · PMID 40641714
- Systematic review An evidence-based assessment of the nutritional recommendations for the prevention of diabetes mellitusKechagia I, Panagiotakos D · Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025 · PMID 39287760
- Clinical trial publication Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium and Potassium Towards Cholesterol and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Single-Blinded Controlled Clinical TrialKhalid S, Mehboob R, Bokhari SS et al. · Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024 · PMID 39410716
- Clinical trial publication Magnesium Supplementation Modulates T-cell Function in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Low Serum Magnesium LevelsDrenthen LCA, Ajie M, de Baaij JHF et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024 · PMID 38412117
- Clinical trial publication Oral magnesium supplementation does not affect insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium: a randomised controlled trialDrenthen LCA, de Baaij JHF, Rodwell L et al. · Diabetologia · 2024 · PMID 37922013
- Meta-analysis Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studiesPitliya A, Vasudevan SS, Batra V et al. · Endocrine · 2024 · PMID 38159172
- Cochrane review Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult PopulationsAnsu Baidoo VY, Cara KC, Dickinson SL et al. · The Journal of nutrition · 2023 · PMID 37844840
- Cochrane review Comparison of nutritional supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trialsKazemi A, Ryul Shim S, Jamali N et al. · Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2022 · PMID 35963372
- Cochrane review The Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 in Sixty-One PatientsGe S, Yang M, Cui Y et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · PMID 35846334
- Cochrane review The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsAsbaghi O, Hosseini R, Boozari B et al. · Biological trace element research · 2021 · PMID 32385715
Mechanism and notes
Recorded mechanism or class: Potential dietary and lifestyle interventions for decreasing insulin resistance · Halma MTJ, Syed M, Marik PE · 2023.
OSMF's existing evidence tier for this pair is C (Preliminary), derived from the strength of the disease association recorded in OSMF Chronic Disease Review. The tier describes how well the drug-disease link is documented, not how well the drug works.
Frequently asked questions
Is Magnesium approved for Type 2 Diabetes?
Magnesium has reached Preclinical as its most advanced recorded development stage across any indication, and the database holds no approval for Type 2 Diabetes. Approval status for the specific indication should always be confirmed with the relevant regulator and prescribing information.
Is Magnesium in clinical trials for Type 2 Diabetes?
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 8 registered trials linking Magnesium to Type 2 Diabetes: 1 is active or not yet recruiting; 3 have completed; 4 are terminated, withdrawn, suspended or of unknown status. The most advanced is Phase 4 (NCT01088165). The largest enrolment is 247 participants (NCT05774015). Registration activity spans 2007 to 2026.
What does the evidence show for Magnesium in Type 2 Diabetes?
Magnesium has both completed registered trials and synthesis-level publications linked to Type 2 Diabetes. That is the strongest profile in this database, but the summaries here do not extract effect sizes, so read the linked reviews for direction and magnitude of benefit. OSMF's existing evidence tier for this pair is C (Preliminary), derived from the strength of the disease association recorded in OSMF Chronic Disease Review. The tier describes how well the drug-disease link is documented, not how well the drug works.
Cite this page
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Open Targets, ChEMBL, DGIdb and the OSMF therapeutic agent database. Last updated 2026-07-05. Page built 2026-10-07.