Type 2 Diabetes — RepurpOS | OpenSourceMedicine

Disease overview

Alterations

127

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

638

Via biomarker

126

Natural agents

Natural products

222

Merged ranked

767

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Seeds, Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, OSMF Chronic Disease Review, PubMed MeSH · Pipeline phase 8 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

1.6-1.7% at 7 years on standard care (population-level cohorts UK and US)

Best-intervention remission

46-58% at 5 years post-bariatric surgery; up to 86% at 1 year with >15% total weight loss via intensive dietary intervention (DiRECT trial: 36% at 2 years)

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Very large

Primary barrier

practice/access

Barrier detail: Remission is biologically achievable and demonstrated in multiple large RCTs but almost never offered as the primary clinical strategy; default is indefinite pharmacotherapy escalation

Last SoC change: 2023 — ADA Standards of Care added formal remission definition (HbA1c <6.5% off all glucose-lowering meds 3+ months) and early GLP-1/SGLT2 use; prior first-line was metformin-only since ~2006

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005148 · EFO: EFO_0001360 · OMIM: 125853 · MESH: D003924 · UMLS_CUI: C0011860

Alterations

127 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Increased waist to hip ratio	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Insulin resistance	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO LOINC
Type II diabetes mellitus	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
8-Foot Up and Go Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
ABCC8 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGTR1 angiotensin II receptor type 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKT2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AMY2A amylase alpha 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKH ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOE apolipoprotein E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Aerobic Capacity	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Arm Curl Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Back Scratch Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Balance	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
CDKAL1 CDKAL1 threonylcarbamoyladenosine tRNA methylthiotransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COXFA4 cytochrome c oxidase associated subunit FA4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COXFA4L2 cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia associated subunit FA4L2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTRB1 chymotrypsinogen B1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTRB2 chymotrypsinogen B2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Chair Sit and Reach Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Chair Stand Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change From Baseline in HbA1c at Week 12	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
Change in HbA1c From Baseline Over Time	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Depression	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Executive Function	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Exercise Compliance	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
GAA alpha glucosidase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GCK glucokinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GIPR gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GPD2 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
HMGA2 high mobility group AT-hook 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HNF1A HNF1 homeobox A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HNF1B HNF1 homeobox B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HNF4A hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Hamstring Strength.	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
HbA1C	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
INSR insulin receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAZF1 JAZF zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNJ11 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNQ1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KL klotho	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LIPC lipase C, hepatic type	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPL lipoprotein lipase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MGAM maltase-glucoamylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MGAM2 maltase-glucoamylase 2 (putative)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND1 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND2 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND3 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND4 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND4L mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4L	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND5 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND6 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Macrophage cell count and surface expression of markers of M1 and M2 polarization in blister fluid	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
NDUFA1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA10 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA11 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA12 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA13 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAB1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB10 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB11 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFC1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFC2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit V3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NEUROD1 neuronal differentiation 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C2 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
PAM peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PAX4 paired box 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDX1 pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARA peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PROX1 prospero homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Postural sway	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Quadriceps strength	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Quality of life	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
RFX6 regulatory factor X6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SI sucrase-isomaltase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC2A2 solute carrier family 2 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC30A8 solute carrier family 30 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC5A2 solute carrier family 5 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBE2E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 E2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WFS1 wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Weight	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

From opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease — Potential dietary and lifestyle interventions for decreasing insulin resistance. Candidates for further study, not approved treatments.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	8 trials 1 Cochrane 27 Trial pubs 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01500590 — Effect of Renin-angiotensin System Blockers on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes With Normoalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00123604 — Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00744237 — Study of the Glycemic Effects of Nebivolol Compared With Metoprolol and HCTZ in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00497003 — Effect of Beta Blocker Treatment on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes or Chronic Heart Failure (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02246712 — Influence of Diabetes on Tramadol Pharmacokinetics (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642434 — Comparison of Blood Pressure Medications on Metabolism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00000620 — Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04504045 — Metformin's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effects of anti-hypertensives and type 2 diabetes on salivary flow and total antioxidant capacity (Oral diseases, 2015) Clinical trial publication Effects of nebivolol on aortic compliance in patients with diabetes and maximal renin angiotensin system blockade: the EFFORT study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2013) Clinical trial publication Metoprolol compared to carvedilol deteriorates insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes - a randomized study (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2010) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy and tolerability of metoprolol retard in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus] (Kardiologiia, 2009) Clinical trial publication Demographic analyses of the effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Glycemic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus: Carvedilol-Metoprolol Comparison in Hypertensives (GEMINI) study (Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on serum lipid concentration in diabetic hypertensive patients (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACARBOSE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 22 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 252 Trial pubs 202 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00970528 — Glucose Reduction by Early Acarbose Treatment in Basal Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01316861 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Acarbose Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03349684 — Loose-dose Combination of Acarbose and Metformin for T2DM in Metformin-failure Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01167231 — Prevention of Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Acarbose May be a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Reducing the Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (COMPLETED) NCT05035849 — Comparison of the FGM Profiles in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin and Acarbose (COMPLETED) NA NCT01697592 — Omarigliptin (MK-3102) Clinical Trial - Add-on to Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent Study in Japanese Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MK-3102-015) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03794336 — Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin vs. Acarbose in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients With High CV Risk or CHD Treated With Aspirin and Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy or Drug Naive (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01388153 — A 3-fold Crossover Bioequivalence Study Between Glucobay Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) and Glucobay Standard Tablet (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Effects of different hypoglycaemic drugs on beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (European journal of medical research, 2025) Cochrane review Evaluation of glucose-lowering medications in older people: a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Age and ageing, 2024) Cochrane review Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Associations of antidiabetic drugs with diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2022) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis α-Glucosidase-targeting 1,2,4-triazole antidiabetic candidates: comparative analysis and future perspectives (Future medicinal chemistry, 2025) Meta-analysis Emodin, a rising star in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis (PeerJ, 2025) Clinical trial publication Dapagliflozin restores odour-induced functional integration of primary olfactory cortex circuit but not olfactory-related regional brain activation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 16-week randomised comparative study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Baseline glucagon impacts glucose-lowering effects of acarbose but not metformin: A sub-analysis of MARCH study (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of glucose fluctuation between metformin combined with acarbose or sitagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, parallel design clinical trial (Chinese medical journal, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALBIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 35 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02846233 — Stepping-down Approach in Patients With Chronic Poorly-controlled Diabetes on Advanced Insulin Therapy? (COMPLETED) NA NCT01357889 — Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Albiglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01475734 — Albiglutide Glucose Clamp Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00838903 — Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01406262 — Albiglutide Thorough ECG Study in Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02496221 — A Study Evaluating the Effect of Albiglutide on Gallbladder Emptying in Healthy Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00839527 — A Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02465515 — Effect of Albiglutide, When Added to Standard Blood Glucose Lowering Therapies, on Major Cardiovascular Events in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Effects of new hypoglycemic drugs on patients with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Postgraduate medical journal, 2025) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 10 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes (Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021) Meta-analysis Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and tolerability of currently approved incretin mimetics: A systematic analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2024) Systematic review Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Albiglutide and atrial fibrillation in patients with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: insights from the Harmony Outcomes trial (European journal of preventive cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of albiglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effects of albiglutide on myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Harmony Outcomes trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALOGLIPTIN BENZOATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02798172 — The Effect of Alogliptin on Pulmonary Function in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT02756832 — An Observational Study of Alogliptin Benzoate in Participants With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (COMPLETED) NCT04980040 — A Study for Post-Marketing Surveillance of Nesina® Tablet Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) in South Korea (COMPLETED) NCT04980014 — A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study on NesinaAct® Tablet Use Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Participants in Korea (COMPLETED) NCT02856113 — Phase 3 Alogliptin Pediatric Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05220917 — Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT03950505 — To Evaluate the Effect of Nesinaact on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through MRI and Liver Fibroscan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Long-term effects of alogliptin benzoate in hemodialysis patients with diabetes: a 2-year study (Nephron. Clinical practice, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 73 Cochrane 132 Meta-analysis 213 Trial pubs 188 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02737657 — An Observational Study to Evaluate Tolerability of Canagliflozin and Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes Patients During Ramadan (COMPLETED) NCT03422263 — Performance Under SGLT-2-Inhibitors in Humans (COMPLETED) NCT01387737 — Long-Term Safety Study of TA-7284 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02653209 — TriMaster: Study of a DPP4 Inhibitor, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Thiazolidinedione as Third Line Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01340664 — An Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study of Canagliflozin in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02142309 — Glycemic Durability After Metformin Failure (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01106625 — The CANTATA-MSU Trial (CANagliflozin Treatment And Trial Analysis - Metformin and SUlphonylurea) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07325435 — Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Comparison of effectiveness and safety of bexagliflozin and other sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Risk of Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor on infection risk: network meta-analysis (Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2026) Meta-analysis Safety Profile of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Clinical trial publication Short-term comparative effects of semaglutide, either alone or in conjunction with canagliflozin, on early diabetic kidney disease (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids and canagliflozin in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study based on flash glucose monitoring (Scientific reports, 2026) Clinical trial publication Impact of canagliflozin on the cardiorenal effects of dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial (Diabetologia, 2026) Clinical trial publication Canagliflozin attenuates CMR-quantified myocardial fibrosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised open-label controlled trial (Diabetologia, 2026) Clinical trial publication Baseline Risk and Longitudinal Changes in kidneyintelX.dkd and Its Association With Kidney Outcomes in the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials (Diabetes care, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL406	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROPAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 54 Cochrane 127 Meta-analysis 303 Trial pubs 270 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02895672 — GLP-1/Basal Insulin Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT03361098 — DECREASE: Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide on Central REgulation of Appetite in diabeteS typE 2 (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01785771 — A Study to Evaluate ITCA 650 for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With High Baseline HbA1c (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00641056 — Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly and Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Sulfonylurea (DURATION - 3) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00477581 — A Study to Compare the Effects of Exenatide and Sitagliptin on Postprandial Glucose in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02638805 — Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Switching to ITCA 650 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Liraglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00775684 — Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT00803920 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Twice-Daily Exenatide or Once-Weekly Exenatide (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in children with obesity and type 2 diabetes. an umbrella review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025) Cochrane review Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Suicide Behavior: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials (Journal of diabetes, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy, Safety, and Future of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2025) Meta-analysis GLP1-1RAs improve walking distance and reduce amputation in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Exploring the rates of Gastrointestinal adverse effects among five GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials (Endocrine, 2026) Meta-analysis Injection-site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Insights from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Assessing the shadows: A meta-analysis of GLP-1 agonists and suicidal ideation (Medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication Serial assessment of NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights from EXSCEL (American heart journal, 2026) Clinical trial publication Exenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Impact of changes in conventional risk factors induced by once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes: an EXSCEL post hoc analysis (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 139 Trial pubs 121 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04882293 — Efficacy and Safety of the Fixed-dose Combination Atorvastatin/Fenofibrate vs Atorvastatin in Patients With T2D and DLP. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01101204 — The Effects of Hypolipemic and Antidiabetic Treatment on Cytokines (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02079376 — The DIAMOND® for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00309712 — Diabetes and Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen (DIACOR) Study (COMPLETED) NA NCT02314533 — Evaluate the Efficacy of Fenofibrate on Microalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT05542147 — Genetic-Dependent Cardiovascular Response to PPAR-Alpha Agonist Fenofibrate (COMPLETED) NA NCT00261352 — GALLANT 14 Tesaglitazar vs. Metformin and Fenofibrate (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00349128 — Fenofibrate in Dyslipidemia and Metformin-Controlled Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023) Cochrane review Novel Therapies for Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Cochrane review Inflammatory Activities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Co-morbid Angiopathies and Exploring Beneficial Interventions: A Systematic Review (Frontiers in public health, 2020) Meta-analysis Incidence, Progression and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in Australasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2026) Meta-analysis How can we improve the management of vascular risk in type 2 diabetes: insights from FIELD (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2009) Systematic review A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Statin Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Current problems in cardiology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Chronic complication risk and benefits of fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes by a PPARα polymorphism (rs6008845, C/T): a FIELD trial substudy (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026) Clinical trial publication Association of fenofibrate therapy with cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes patients with early-diagnosed hyperlipidemia (Lipids in health and disease, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alternate-day alternating monotherapy (q48h) versus daily concomitant atorvastatin-fenofibrate in adults with type 2 diabetes and mixed dyslipidemia: a 12-week randomized non-inferiority trial (BMC endocrine disorders, 2026) Clinical trial publication The association of haptoglobin levels and phenotype with cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes sub-study (European journal of preventive cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Cost-effectiveness of fenofibrate versus standard care for reducing the progression of diabetic retinopathy: An economic evaluation based on data from the LENS trial (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLIMEPIRIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 16 Cochrane 30 Meta-analysis 377 Trial pubs 334 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00941161 — Effect of Oral Combination Therapy in a Single Dosage Form in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01087502 — Safety and Efficacy of Linagliptin in Type-2-diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00622284 — Efficacy and Safety of BI 1356 in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02301806 — Effects of Sitaglpitin on Endothelial Function During the OGTT in T2DM (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01958671 — A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin Monotherapy in the Treatment of Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control Despite Diet and Exercise (MK-8835-003, VERTIS MONO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00775684 — Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT07589387 — Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria: Hypertension Diabetes Integration Study- Formative Aim 3 (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT00747383 — How Improvement in Control of Diabetes Influences the Production of a Hormone Produced in the Gut Which Improves the Release and Action of Insulin. (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Evaluation of three mechanisms of action (SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas) in treating type 2 diabetes with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of different hypoglycaemic drugs on beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (European journal of medical research, 2025) Cochrane review Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (BMC medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs (BMC endocrine disorders, 2022) Clinical trial publication Dulaglutide versus empagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin and sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: a randomized pilot study with exploratory metabolomic and microbiome analyses (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and injection burden in mild diabetic macular edema: An exploratory post hoc analysis of the COMET trial (Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sitagliptin, Metformin and Glimepiride Fixed-Dose Combination Compared to Co-Administration of Metformin and High-Dose Glimepiride in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Phase 3 Clinical Study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride, Voglibose, and Metformin ER in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Active-Controlled Study (Journal of diabetes, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles of Four Glucose-Lowering Medications in the GRADE Randomized Trial (Diabetes care, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLIPIZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 10 Cochrane 17 Meta-analysis 145 Trial pubs 125 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00707993 — Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin Compared to Glipizide in Elderly Diabetics (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00550329 — Bioequivalence Study Of Glucotrol XL 2.5 Mg Tablets (COMPLETED) NCT01762046 — Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02608177 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management (COMPLETED) NA NCT00350779 — Sitagliptin Metformin/PPARg Agonist Combination Therapy Add-on (0431-052) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05073692 — Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens (COMPLETED) NCT00885352 — Sitagliptin (MK-0431) vs. Placebo in Patients With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin With Pioglitazone (MK-0431-128) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01267448 — Outpatient Discharge Therapy With Saxagliptin+MetforminXR vs GlipizideXL for Type 2 Diabetes With Severe Hyperglycemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Clinical pharmacokinetics of glipizide: a systematic review (Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2025) Cochrane review Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs (BMC endocrine disorders, 2022) Cochrane review Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021) Cochrane review Is metformin still the most efficacious first-line oral hypoglycaemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2019) Meta-analysis The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Nutrients, 2022) Meta-analysis Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas (Diabetes care, 2021) Systematic review Maternal-to-Infant Transfer of Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Via Breastmilk: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Clinical Guidelines (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026) Clinical trial publication Glycemic and non-glycemic benefits of initial triple therapy versus sequential add-on therapy in patients with new-onset diabetes: results from the EDICT study (BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of dapagliflozin on renal haemodynamics in hyperfiltering T2D patients (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Cyclocarya paliurus leaves extracts alleviate metabolic phenotypes in Chinese T2DM patients by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites: a clinical randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Metagenomic analysis reveals crosstalk between gut microbiota and glucose-lowering drugs targeting the gastrointestinal tract in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6 month, two-arm randomised trial (Diabetologia, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 63 Trial pubs 52 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01500590 — Effect of Renin-angiotensin System Blockers on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes With Normoalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01109212 — The Effects of Bindarit in Diabetic Nephropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01588795 — Renal Denervation in Diabetic Nephropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02817360 — NT-proBNP Selected Prevention of Cardiac Events in Diabetic Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00549133 — Irbesartan Effects on Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Type II Diabetic Patients Comparing Atenolol (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02842359 — Evaluation of the Fixed-dose Combination of Irbesartan/Atorvastatin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diagnosed With Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00317915 — Irbesartan in Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Comprehensive overview: efficacy, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness of irbesartan (Vascular health and risk management, 2013) Systematic review Systematic review on urine albumin testing for early detection of diabetic complications (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2005) Clinical trial publication Sex differences in the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: post hoc analyses of the RENAAL and IDNT trials (Diabetologia, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Prospective, Multicentered, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Keluoxin Capsules in the Treatment of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Early Diabetic Kidney Disease (Journal of integrative and complementary medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Combined Abelmoschus manihot and Irbesartan for Reduction of Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Parallel Controlled Clinical Trial (Diabetes care, 2022) Clinical trial publication Irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: An IRMA2 sub-study (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2021) Clinical trial publication Effects of Different Doses of Irbesartan Combined With Spironolactone on Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate in Elderly Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (The American journal of the medical sciences, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 26 Cochrane 48 Meta-analysis 137 Trial pubs 131 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00915772 — Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Linagliptin 2.5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 or 1000 mg Bid and Metformin 1000 mg Bid (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01087502 — Safety and Efficacy of Linagliptin in Type-2-diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00622284 — Efficacy and Safety of BI 1356 in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02138097 — Oral and Non-insulin Injected Hypoglycemic Therapy Utilization Patterns (COMPLETED) NCT02608177 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management (COMPLETED) NA NCT01215097 — Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite Metformin Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02097342 — Effect of Linagliptin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02106104 — Renal Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Comparison and Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin and Linagliptin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of mitochondrial modulator (Imeglimin) and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta-analysis (Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026) Cochrane review Impact of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Interleukin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025) Cochrane review Safety of Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Meta-analysis Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026) Systematic review The efficacy and safety of evogliptin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Systematic review The effectiveness and safety of linagliptin within elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review (Minerva endocrinology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors + DPP-4 Inhibitors on Urine Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026) Clinical trial publication Fasting and postprandial kidney haemodynamic effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin in mono- and combination therapy compared to gliclazide in overweight people with type 2 diabetes (RACELINES): A randomised, double-blind trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Intense simplified strategy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients with severe hyperglycaemia: multicentre, open label, randomised trial (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and linagliptin (AJU-A51) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase III study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 83 Cochrane 175 Meta-analysis 431 Trial pubs 396 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02895672 — GLP-1/Basal Insulin Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT02113332 — Addition of Liraglutide to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02535299 — Par-4 and Telomere-telomerase System in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Received GLP-1 or Metformin Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01507311 — Effect of Liraglutide on Pulsatile Insulin Secretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04666987 — A Research Study Looking at Long-term Blood Sugar Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes Being Treated With Xultophy® in a Real-world Setting in Italy (COMPLETED) NCT03862716 — Remission Evaluation of a Metabolic Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes With IDegLira (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04657939 — Targeting Beta-cell Failure in Lean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and rotator cuff disease: a scoping review (BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis (Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in children with obesity and type 2 diabetes. an umbrella review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Cardiorenal protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Renal failure, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) on Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical therapeutics, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide, Liraglutide and Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity and Without T2D: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Advances in therapy, 2026) Systematic review Approved weight loss drugs for obesity with a thorough emphasis on GLP-1 agonist medications: A systematic review (Disease-a-month : DM, 2026) Clinical trial publication Liraglutide and Recurrent Stroke by Baseline Insulin Resistance: A Post Hoc Analysis of the LAMP Trial (Stroke, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles of Four Glucose-Lowering Medications in the GRADE Randomized Trial (Diabetes care, 2026) Clinical trial publication Modulation of circulating extracellular vesicles by antihyperglycemic therapies: A pilot randomized controlled trial (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 15 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00970528 — Glucose Reduction by Early Acarbose Treatment in Basal Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00449930 — Sitagliptin Comparative Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (0431-049) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03283657 — Diabetes Risk Education and Communication Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT03430856 — Comparison of Insulin Tregopil (IN-105) With Insulin Aspart in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00111631 — A Study of DPP-IV Inhibitor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00915772 — Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Linagliptin 2.5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 or 1000 mg Bid and Metformin 1000 mg Bid (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00818077 — Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Understand the Glycemic Impact of Food (COMPLETED) NCT00941161 — Effect of Oral Combination Therapy in a Single Dosage Form in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review The feasibility of Chinese massage as an auxiliary way of replacing or reducing drugs in the clinical treatment of adult type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2020) Clinical trial publication Fixed dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and extended-release metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by metformin and glimepiride: A phase III, open label, randomized clinical study in India (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Dapagliflozin + Sitagliptin + Metformin Versus Sitagliptin + Metformin in T2DM Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: A Multicentric Randomized Trial (Advances in therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Acupotomy combined with metformin hydrochloride tablet for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effect on serum inflammatory factors (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2024) Clinical trial publication Bioequivalence and Safety Assessment of 2 Formulations of Low-Dose Metformin Hydrochloride under Fasting Conditions in Healthy Chinese Participants: A Randomized Phase 1 Clinical Trial (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study (Journal of diabetes research, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Diabetes care, 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIGLITOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02370537 — A Study to Investigate How Common Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) is in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Also to Investigate the Uptake of a Single Dose of EPANOVA® or OMACOR® in Patients With Different Degrees of PEI (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02422446 — Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Function in Diabetic Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02113163 — PK Study Comparing Metformin Eicosapentaenoate to a Combined Dose of Metformin Hydrochloride and Ethyl Ester EPA (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04562467 — The Use of Icosapent Ethyl on Vascular Progenitor Cells in Individuals With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00069784 — The ORIGIN Trial (Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01633177 — Study of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Supplementation for Preventing Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00758927 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid (OMACOR) on the Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Sub-fraction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00577590 — Effects of Fatty Acid Delivery on Heart Metabolism and Function in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Atorvastatin in Factorial with Omega-3 EE90 Risk Reduction in Diabetes (AFORRD): a randomised controlled trial (Diabetologia, 2009) Clinical trial publication Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics for a large international trial of cardiovascular disease prevention in people with dysglycemia: the ORIGIN Trial (Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention) (American heart journal, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 78 Cochrane 149 Meta-analysis 202 Trial pubs 187 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05597202 — Does the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Govern Residual Inflammatory Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06221969 — A Research Study to See How Much CagriSema Lowers Blood Sugar and Body Weight Compared to Tirzepatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin With or Without an SGLT2 Inhibitor (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07558863 — Effect of GLP-1RA on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT05950516 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Ingection in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT03021187 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06492330 — Efficacy and Safety of CS0159 Combined With Semaglutide in MASH Patients With Obesity and T2DM (COMPLETED) NA NCT02906930 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Diet and Exercise Only (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07581145 — Effect of Semaglutide on Healing of Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Gastric Neoplasm Risk with DPP-4 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for prevention of heart failure events in type 2 diabetes and/or obesity (ESC heart failure, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Relative Efficacy of Next-Generation Incretin Therapies for Cardio-Renal Protection in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Semaglutide-associated risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (PLoS medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and hair loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Systematic review Approved weight loss drugs for obesity with a thorough emphasis on GLP-1 agonist medications: A systematic review (Disease-a-month : DM, 2026) Clinical trial publication Elecoglipron, an oral small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes (SOLSTICE): a multicentre, phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Lancet (London, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study (Lancet (London, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Kidney and Survival Benefits of Semaglutide in Diabetes With Chronic Kidney Disease: FLOW Trial Cardiovascular Subgroup Analyses (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICAGRELOR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04484259 — Ticagrelor With and Without Aspirin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03437044 — Low Maintenance Dose Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Diabetes Patients Undergoing PCI (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02457130 — Comparison of TIcagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Coronary Artery diseaSe and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TICS-DM) (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02748330 — Platelet Inhibition of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02302508 — Pharmacokinetics of Antiplatelet Drugs in Diabetic pAtients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT02325466 — Comparative Efficacy of Ticagrelor Versus Aspirin on Blood Viscosity in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01991795 — A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02214654 — A Pilot Study To Examine The Effects Of Ticagrelor To Protect Against Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Vascular Damage (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012) Clinical trial publication Limb Outcomes With Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024) Clinical trial publication External applicability of the Effect of ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) trial: An analysis of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease in the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry (International journal of cardiology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a European economic evaluation of the THEMIS trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Diabetes-Related Factors and the Effects of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin in the THEMIS and THEMIS-PCI Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI): a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial (Lancet (London, England), 2019) Randomized controlled trial Ticagrelor in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease and Diabetes (The New England journal of medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACARBOSE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOHEXAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANGIOTENSIN II Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £20–£50 / 28-60 tabs · US $30–$70 / 30-60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ASCORBIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPTOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GENISTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLICLAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLIMEPIRIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLIPIZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLYBURIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IRBESARTAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PERINDOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SARALASIN ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPARSENTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30-90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIACEREIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUTOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUTOGLIPTIN TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLICLAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASPOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESAGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALIROCUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALAGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE URSODEOXYCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEZISTERIM	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIGUANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOSENTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAGRILINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1014	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200572	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1480	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL393220	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5314366	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL6067974	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL723	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL772	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL842	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHIGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CINNAMON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLINDAMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COFROGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DBPR-108	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORZAGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXYCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECNOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFPEGLENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFSUBAGLUTIDE ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELORALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENAVOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTUGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOLOCUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FASIGLIFAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEXOFENADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £3–£6 / 30 tabs (120-180mg) · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GULGAFAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HENAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICODEXTRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN ASPART	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DEGLUDEC	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN EFSITORA ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN GLULISINE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN, ISOPHANE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN LISPRO	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN PEGLISPRO	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN SUSP ISOPHANE BEEF	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPRAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVABRADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £28–£40 / 56 tabs (5mg) · US $28 / 60 tabs (5mg, Cost Plus)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JT-001	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPAQUISTAT ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAROPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBEGLITAZONE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARIDEBART CAFRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECASERMIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENAQUINONE 6	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN GLYCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRONIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIFEPRISTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0767	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MURAGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICORANDIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBICETRAPIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMARIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGLOXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHYSIONEAL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANOLAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELACORILANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETATRUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBOFLAVIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILPARENCEL	Cell therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVAROXABAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £20–£50 / 28 tabs (varies by dose) · US $30–$80 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAXAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£8 / 4–8 tabs (generic) · US $5–$15 / 10-30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM FLUORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOMATROPIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCCINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULODEXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURVODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAGATOSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TARANABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENELIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIAZOLIDINEDIONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELAGLIPTIN SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIBUTYRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRICLOSAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UREA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VISEPEGENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACIPIMOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISKIREN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARHALOFENATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENFLUOREX	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESTILAN CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBIPINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUBOXISTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
USISTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCYSTEINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £5–£12 / 30 tabs or effervescent · US $8–$15 / 30-60 tabs (NAC)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACLIMOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADOMEGLIVANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDAFERMIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALOE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALT-2074	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALVELESTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMANTADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-108	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPELOPSIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANASTROZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APABETALONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APELIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN TRELAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATAZANAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATIGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATRASENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATX08-001	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-1656	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-4017	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARDOXOLONE METHYL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAZEDOXIFENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELORANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMIPARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMPEDOIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERMEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BESIGLIPTIN TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BGP-15	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BI-187004	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISEGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-741672	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-770767	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-823778	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CADISEGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCITRIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM DOBESILATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMICINAL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-326597	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENICRIVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1149	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL264374	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL51085	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL591118	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL898	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIBINETIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOFUTRIBEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COTADUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CP-778875	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAGLUTRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANUGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPANSUTRILE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENOSUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONEPEZIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDAGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFINOPEGDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELAFIBRANOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPELEUTON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPRODISATE DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERITORAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIRUGLIPEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FRONIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSERELIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRANOTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1070806	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1292263	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE (HUMAN RECOMBINANT)	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOVAMENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILACIRNON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMARIKIREN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMEGLIMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-13739	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOCYANINE GREEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN PORK	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN TREGOPIL	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INT131	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSTEVIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-41443532	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANIFIBRANOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOKETOCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LGD-6972	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LICOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINERIXIBAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOTIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-2608204	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MACUPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MB-05032	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MB-07803	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-2044	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-2982	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIPOMERSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZACORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0533	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0893	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0941	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-3577	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8245	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NCX-4016	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERIGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIDUFEXOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NINERAFAXSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NISOTIROSTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NT-0796	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBETICHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFIRNOFLAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORGOTEIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OX BILE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYNTOMODULIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARICALCITOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGAPAMODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGBELFERMIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGLOTICASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGSEBRENATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETRELINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04991532	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-05175157	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06291874	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06835919	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-102	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLOZALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALICIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASUGREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOLIS WAX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAFABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELAXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RO-5027838	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAR425899	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-756050	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SETOGEPRAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILIBININ	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SLX-4090	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODELGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SRT-2104	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCCINOBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFORAPHANE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TC-6987	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESAMORELIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESOFENSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRADECYLTHIOACETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFOGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLIMIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TZP-102	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UBIDECARENONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERAPAMIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERINURAD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICADROSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICASINABIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIGABATRIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLANESORSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VUPANORSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XEN-D0501	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL550	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YM-543	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YOHIMBINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANAMIVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZINC OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETA PH61 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LIPROTAMASE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASOSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPTOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVIRENZ	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYGEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCHOLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADP-597	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPELISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMILORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATROPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANECHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-686117	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-820132	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-903452	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BTI-410	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BULOXIBUTID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL135	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1389	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1485	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL160	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL32	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL374478	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL457	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL569766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL8085	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM PICOLINATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLX-0921	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CROTEDUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDASALONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFRUXIFERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMUGROBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENGLITAZONE SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAZPILODEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUROSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GHRELIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENG, ASIAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENOSIDE RE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLOBALAGLIATIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLOCDACIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSERELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1614235	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPALATIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JTT-251	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINOLEIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-2405319	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY2881835	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDI-7219	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLCOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8666	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOMEGESTROL ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLESTRA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLIVE OIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORE-1001	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAMREVLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03882845	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04603629	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04620110	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-5190457	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAUDIOSIDE A	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RECOMBINANT HUMAN KALLIKREIN-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REXLEMESTROCEL-L	Cell therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RONGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE ATTENUATED	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALACINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELONABANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM TAUROCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAUROCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREHALOSE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRODUSQUEMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLAGIDEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XELAGLIFAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
Berberine OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 8 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06353347 — Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06911983 — Comparative Efficacy of Metformin and Berberine Among TCF7L2 (rs7903146) TT vs. CC Genotype Carriers With Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT00633282 — Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07606872 — Validation of the Snouda Metabolic Score for Phenotyping and Guiding Reversal in Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06350890 — Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06415773 — Effects of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) Versus Dapagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06496893 — A Study to Assess Effect of Glucocil® on Metabolic Health in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06979440 — Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Berberine to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated With Depression (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs with mechanistic insights into SIRT1/AMPK pathway activation (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silymarin, and Berberine on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Berberine and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025) Cochrane review The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance: Protocol for a systematic review (Medicine, 2019) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis (Endocrine journal, 2019) Systematic review The Effect of Berberine Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Metabolic Disorders: An Umbrella Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Clinical therapeutics, 2024) Clinical trial publication Berberine Ursodeoxycholate for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA network open, 2025) Clinical trial publication The efficacy and safety of berberine in combination with cinnamon supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Metformin and the Natural Product Goldenseal Is Metformin Dose-Dependent: A Three-Arm Crossover Study in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of HIMABERB® Berberine on glycemic control in patients with prediabetes: double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized pilot trial (BMC endocrine disorders, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Cinnamon OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 29 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00846898 — Is There a Metabolic Effect of Cinnamon on HbA1c, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01027585 — The Effects of Cinnamon on Postprandial Blood Glucose, and Insulin in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance (COMPLETED) NCT06515652 — To Compare the Effects of Herbal Medicines With Traditional Allopathic Medicines in Cases of Patients With Metabolic Syndrome (RECRUITING) NA NCT00479973 — The Anti-Diabetic and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Cinnamon and Cassia Bark (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03711682 — Reducing Plasma Glucose Effect of Cinnamon in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Municipality of Comasagua (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06496893 — A Study to Assess Effect of Glucocil® on Metabolic Health in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05145673 — Effect of Aqueous Cinnamon Extract on the Postprandial Glycaemia Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA NCT00237640 — Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non-Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutrition reviews, 2025) Cochrane review The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review (Nutrients, 2022) Cochrane review What is the influence of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021) Cochrane review The effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2020) Meta-analysis Effect of Aromatic Herbs and Spices Present in the Mediterranean Diet on the Glycemic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2024) Meta-analysis The effect of cinnamon consumption on lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers in adults: An umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2023) Meta-analysis Comparative effectiveness of six herbs in the management of glycemic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2023) Systematic review Sweetly Improving Sugars? Reviewing Cinnamon's Effects on Blood Glucose (Journal of medicinal food, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) for diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2025) Clinical trial publication Olfactory training improves cognition and modifies brain networks in type 2 diabetes patients with mild cognitive impairment: A 16-week randomised controlled trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of cinnamon in reducing anthropometric measurements in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial (Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Magnesium OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 69 Trial pubs 57 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03002545 — Magnesium Supplementation in Type II Diabetes (COMPLETED) NA NCT00699413 — Supplements for Controlling Resistance to Insulin (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT01088165 — The Influence of Adalimumab on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Psoriasis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT07606872 — Validation of the Snouda Metabolic Score for Phenotyping and Guiding Reversal in Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT03622762 — Green Tea Extract on Soluble RAGE in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03592667 — Dapagliflozin on Blood Pressure Variability and Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index in Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT05774015 — Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Guided by Serum Ionized Magnesium Level (COMPLETED) NA NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of hidden hunger on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (Scientific reports, 2025) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations (The Journal of nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Comparison of nutritional supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2022) Cochrane review The Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 in Sixty-One Patients (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Cochrane review The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Biological trace element research, 2021) Meta-analysis Association Between Levels of Magnesium and Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 2025) Meta-analysis Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (Endocrine, 2024) Systematic review Essential micronutrients and biguanides (metformin) synergistic and antagonistic interactions on neurocognitive outcomes in type two diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Systematic review An evidence-based assessment of the nutritional recommendations for the prevention of diabetes mellitus (Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025) Clinical trial publication Magnesium supplementation did not reduce serum calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026) Clinical trial publication Can supplements with prebiotic fibres positively influence bone health in type 2 diabetes? Insights from a randomised controlled crossover trial (Archives of osteoporosis, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Melatonin OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 5 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02108353 — Circadian Phase Adjustment and Improvement of Metabolic Control in Night Shift Workers (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00869128 — A Study of the Efficacy of Prolonged-Release Melatonin Versus Placebo in Diabetic Patients Suffering From Insomnia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05870358 — Melatonin Supports Non Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Periodontitis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06292000 — Examining the Effects of Morning and Evening Exercise on Glucose Regulation in Adults With Prediabetes (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT07036796 — Effect of Melatonin in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02691897 — Melatonin's Effects on Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT03859934 — Metabolic Effects of Melatonin Treatment (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review The Impact of Antioxidant Adjuncts on Periodontal Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025) Cochrane review The effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review The role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2021) Cochrane review Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Meta-analysis Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Current pharmaceutical design, 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of daily administration of melatonin before bedtime on fasting insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults and patients with metabolic diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical endocrinology, 2021) Systematic review A systematic review of variations in circadian rhythm genes and type 2 diabetes (Nutrition and health, 2024) Clinical trial publication Natural daylight during office hours improves glucose control and whole-body substrate metabolism (Cell metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older type 2 diabetics living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Melatonin supports nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial (Journal of periodontology, 2024) Clinical trial publication MTNR1B genotype and effects of carbohydrate quantity and dietary glycaemic index on glycaemic response to an oral glucose load: the OmniCarb trial (Diabetologia, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Omega-3 fatty acids OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 16 Meta-analysis 54 Trial pubs 42 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02370537 — A Study to Investigate How Common Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) is in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Also to Investigate the Uptake of a Single Dose of EPANOVA® or OMACOR® in Patients With Different Degrees of PEI (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02422446 — Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Function in Diabetic Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT03380416 — Effects of a Portfolio Diet on NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT07677995 — Free Fatty Acid Effects In Type 2 Diabetes (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT07575438 — Effects of Different Fish Oil Types on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors in High-Risk Adults (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02800252 — Effects of Omega-3 Plus Low-dose Aspirin as Adjunct to Periodontal Debridement for Chronic Periodontitis in Diabetics (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02279407 — A Study to Investigate Effects of Omega-3 Carboxylic Acids and Dapagliflozin on Liver Fat Content in Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02034266 — The Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Nerve Structure and Function in Type 1 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review The Impact of Antioxidant Adjuncts on Periodontal Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025) Cochrane review Can omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation affect obesity indices? (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabetes management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of as an add-on nutritional supplementation therapy (Archives of pharmacal research, 2022) Cochrane review Novel Therapies for Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Cochrane review Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Lipids in health and disease, 2020) Meta-analysis Dose-dependent effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein concentrations in cardiometabolic disorders: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Inflammopharmacology, 2025) Meta-analysis Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (Nature communications, 2025) Meta-analysis The effects of ω-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials (Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2024) Meta-analysis Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Systematic review The effects of omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2022) Clinical trial publication Improvement in Glycolipid Metabolism Parameters After Supplementing Fish Oil-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Nutrients, 2024) Clinical trial publication EPA and DHA inhibit LDL-induced upregulation of human adipose tissue NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and its association with diabetes risk factors (Scientific reports, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Probiotics OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 33 Cochrane 53 Meta-analysis 57 Trial pubs 53 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02144948 — Investigation of the Effect of E.-Coli-Nissle as Supporting Therapy to Standard Care of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04769687 — Symbiotics and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02728414 — Probiotics Effect on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05418179 — Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Fecal Microbiota, Nutritional Status, Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03377946 — Effect of Probiotics on Pre-diabetes and Diabetes in China (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07072949 — The Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Probiotics on Metabolic Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Taking Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04754464 — Clinical Study on the Effect of a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT03267758 — Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Endothelial Function II (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Intermittent Fasting and Probiotics for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review (Nutrients, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota in patients with diabetes/prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (The British journal of nutrition, 2026) Cochrane review Effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjunct in the management of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025) Cochrane review Probiotic supplementation contributes to glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2025) Cochrane review Probiotics Supplementation for Improving Glucolipid Parameters in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2025) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis Meta-analytical insight on probiotic metabolites and inflammatory markers in diabetes (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Probiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation Reduce Inflammatory Cytokines in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from a Systematic Review Meta-analysis (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026) Systematic review The role of microbiota derived metabolites in modulating diabetic inflammation: a systematic review (Journal of molecular histology, 2026) Systematic review Targeting the gut microbiome for type 2 diabetes management: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of probiotics derivatives (postbiotics and metabiotics) on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial (DELI_Diab study) (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Resveratrol OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 14 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 25 Trial pubs 24 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02502253 — BDPP Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01302639 — Dietary Polyphenols and Lipid Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT02129595 — Resveratrol and First-degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT01158417 — Resveratrol in Type2 Diabetes and Obesity (TERMINATED) NA NCT01451918 — Regulation of Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion by Resveratrol (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02549924 — Effect of Administration of Resveratrol on Glycemic Variability in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT06131918 — Assessment of Antioxidant Therapy on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01881347 — Effects of Resveratrol on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silymarin, and Berberine on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: randomized double-blind placebo meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Effects of Resveratrol on Metabolic Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (International journal of clinical practice, 2022) Cochrane review The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicina clinica, 2022) Meta-analysis The effects of resveratrol on glycemic indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis (Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol supplementation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition journal, 2026) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of Resveratrol on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sirtuin 1 in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes (International journal of molecular sciences, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol supplementation on hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular indices in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022) Clinical trial publication Role of resveratrol supplementation in regulation of glucose hemostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2022) Clinical trial publication Resveratrol treatment does not reduce arterial inflammation in males at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial (Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Time-restricted eating (Intermittent fasting) OSMF review	Lifestyle	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03940482 — Time Restricted Eating As Treatment (TREAT) for Diabetes Mellitus: A Pre-Post 12 Week Study on the Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting in Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05290246 — TRE in Type 2 Diabetes (See Food Study 3) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04090840 — Lifestyle Intervention Feasibility for Arrhythmia and Symptoms With Intermittent Fasting (LIFE AS IF) (COMPLETED) NA NCT05860413 — Intermittent Fasting for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA NCT04283942 — Effect of Intermittent Calorie Restriction on MASLD Patients With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism (COMPLETED) NA NCT07272460 — Time Restricted-EAting for Type 2 Diabetes and MEtabolic Health: the TEA TIME Trial (RECRUITING) NA NCT06845345 — Effect of an Early Time Restricted Eating Mediterranean Diet Compared to Naltrexone/Bupropion on Liver Fibrosis in People With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Hospital Outpatient Clinic (MEDFAST-study) (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) PHASE4 NCT07674875 — Meal Frequency and Timing on Metabolic Health in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
ALOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIBEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREPITANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARUNDIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAY-985	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEINAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIOTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ 788	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ-123	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM POLYCARBOPHIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNITINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETILISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHENODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCARBOXYLASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CPD 29	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYANOCOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYPROTERONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANUGLIPRON TROMETHAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARBEPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIQUAFOSOL TETRASODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCETAXEL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-1558	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN BETA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTIPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTUGLIFLOZIN PIDOLATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIMASARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINERENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL TRIGLYCERIDES	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARLIC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINGER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLISOXEPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLP-1	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYBURIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBANDRONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPROST	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DETEMIR	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN GLARGINE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN ICODEC	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN, ISOPHANE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPRAGLIFLOZIN L-PROLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACTULOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIXISENATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBEGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORNOXICAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUSEOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYCOPENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRELEPTIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE CALCIUM DIHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOREPINEPHRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON CALCIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGVISOMANT	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERFLUTREN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROTAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £15–£25 / 60 tabs · US $20–$35 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGADENOSON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIMAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REPAGLINIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBAVIRIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAXAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVELAMER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SKF-38393	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLAZAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLBUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TYROSINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARENICLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VILDAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOGLIBOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WARFARIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZINC SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACARBOSE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 22 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 252 Trial pubs 202 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00970528 — Glucose Reduction by Early Acarbose Treatment in Basal Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01316861 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Acarbose Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03349684 — Loose-dose Combination of Acarbose and Metformin for T2DM in Metformin-failure Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01167231 — Prevention of Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Acarbose May be a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Reducing the Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (COMPLETED) NCT05035849 — Comparison of the FGM Profiles in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Sitagliptin and Acarbose (COMPLETED) NA NCT01697592 — Omarigliptin (MK-3102) Clinical Trial - Add-on to Oral Antihyperglycemic Agent Study in Japanese Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (MK-3102-015) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03794336 — Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin vs. Acarbose in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients With High CV Risk or CHD Treated With Aspirin and Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Monotherapy or Drug Naive (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01388153 — A 3-fold Crossover Bioequivalence Study Between Glucobay Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) and Glucobay Standard Tablet (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Effects of different hypoglycaemic drugs on beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (European journal of medical research, 2025) Cochrane review Evaluation of glucose-lowering medications in older people: a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Age and ageing, 2024) Cochrane review Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Associations of antidiabetic drugs with diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review All-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2022) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis α-Glucosidase-targeting 1,2,4-triazole antidiabetic candidates: comparative analysis and future perspectives (Future medicinal chemistry, 2025) Meta-analysis Emodin, a rising star in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders: a preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis (PeerJ, 2025) Clinical trial publication Dapagliflozin restores odour-induced functional integration of primary olfactory cortex circuit but not olfactory-related regional brain activation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 16-week randomised comparative study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 6-month, two-arm randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Baseline glucagon impacts glucose-lowering effects of acarbose but not metformin: A sub-analysis of MARCH study (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of glucose fluctuation between metformin combined with acarbose or sitagliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled, open-label, parallel design clinical trial (Chinese medical journal, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALBIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 35 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02846233 — Stepping-down Approach in Patients With Chronic Poorly-controlled Diabetes on Advanced Insulin Therapy? (COMPLETED) NA NCT01357889 — Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Albiglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01475734 — Albiglutide Glucose Clamp Study in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00838903 — Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01406262 — Albiglutide Thorough ECG Study in Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02496221 — A Study Evaluating the Effect of Albiglutide on Gallbladder Emptying in Healthy Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00839527 — A Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Albiglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02465515 — Effect of Albiglutide, When Added to Standard Blood Glucose Lowering Therapies, on Major Cardiovascular Events in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Association Between GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and the Risk of Colon Cancer in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Effects of new hypoglycemic drugs on patients with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Postgraduate medical journal, 2025) Cochrane review Comparison of the efficacy and safety of 10 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on neurological complications of diabetes (Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021) Meta-analysis Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 99,599 Patients (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and tolerability of currently approved incretin mimetics: A systematic analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of albiglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2024) Systematic review Efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists across all health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review and evidence map of randomised controlled trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Albiglutide and atrial fibrillation in patients with Type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: insights from the Harmony Outcomes trial (European journal of preventive cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of albiglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effects of albiglutide on myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Harmony Outcomes trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALOGLIPTIN BENZOATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02798172 — The Effect of Alogliptin on Pulmonary Function in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT02756832 — An Observational Study of Alogliptin Benzoate in Participants With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (COMPLETED) NCT04980040 — A Study for Post-Marketing Surveillance of Nesina® Tablet Monotherapy or Combination Therapy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) in South Korea (COMPLETED) NCT04980014 — A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study on NesinaAct® Tablet Use Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Participants in Korea (COMPLETED) NCT02856113 — Phase 3 Alogliptin Pediatric Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05220917 — Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT03950505 — To Evaluate the Effect of Nesinaact on Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Through MRI and Liver Fibroscan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Long-term effects of alogliptin benzoate in hemodialysis patients with diabetes: a 2-year study (Nephron. Clinical practice, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 73 Cochrane 132 Meta-analysis 213 Trial pubs 188 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02737657 — An Observational Study to Evaluate Tolerability of Canagliflozin and Sulphonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes Patients During Ramadan (COMPLETED) NCT03422263 — Performance Under SGLT-2-Inhibitors in Humans (COMPLETED) NCT01387737 — Long-Term Safety Study of TA-7284 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02653209 — TriMaster: Study of a DPP4 Inhibitor, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Thiazolidinedione as Third Line Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01340664 — An Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Study of Canagliflozin in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02142309 — Glycemic Durability After Metformin Failure (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01106625 — The CANTATA-MSU Trial (CANagliflozin Treatment And Trial Analysis - Metformin and SUlphonylurea) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07325435 — Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Comparison of effectiveness and safety of bexagliflozin and other sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Risk of Dementia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using SGLT2 Inhibitors Versus DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonist and SGLT2 inhibitor on infection risk: network meta-analysis (Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2026) Meta-analysis Safety Profile of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Clinical trial publication Short-term comparative effects of semaglutide, either alone or in conjunction with canagliflozin, on early diabetic kidney disease (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of mulberry twig alkaloids and canagliflozin in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study based on flash glucose monitoring (Scientific reports, 2026) Clinical trial publication Impact of canagliflozin on the cardiorenal effects of dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial (Diabetologia, 2026) Clinical trial publication Canagliflozin attenuates CMR-quantified myocardial fibrosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high cardiovascular risk: a randomised open-label controlled trial (Diabetologia, 2026) Clinical trial publication Baseline Risk and Longitudinal Changes in kidneyintelX.dkd and Its Association With Kidney Outcomes in the CANVAS and CREDENCE Trials (Diabetes care, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROPAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 54 Cochrane 127 Meta-analysis 303 Trial pubs 270 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02895672 — GLP-1/Basal Insulin Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT03361098 — DECREASE: Dapagliflozin Plus Exenatide on Central REgulation of Appetite in diabeteS typE 2 (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01785771 — A Study to Evaluate ITCA 650 for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With High Baseline HbA1c (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00641056 — Efficacy of Exenatide Once Weekly and Once-Daily Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin Alone or in Combination With Sulfonylurea (DURATION - 3) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00477581 — A Study to Compare the Effects of Exenatide and Sitagliptin on Postprandial Glucose in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02638805 — Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Switching to ITCA 650 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Liraglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00775684 — Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT00803920 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Twice-Daily Exenatide or Once-Weekly Exenatide (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in children with obesity and type 2 diabetes. an umbrella review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2025) Cochrane review Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Suicide Behavior: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials (Journal of diabetes, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy, Safety, and Future of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis (Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2025) Meta-analysis GLP1-1RAs improve walking distance and reduce amputation in people with type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Exploring the rates of Gastrointestinal adverse effects among five GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials (Endocrine, 2026) Meta-analysis Injection-site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Insights from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Assessing the shadows: A meta-analysis of GLP-1 agonists and suicidal ideation (Medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication Serial assessment of NT-proBNP and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights from EXSCEL (American heart journal, 2026) Clinical trial publication Exenatide induces an enhanced endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory response in patients receiving basal insulin (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Impact of changes in conventional risk factors induced by once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes: an EXSCEL post hoc analysis (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 139 Trial pubs 121 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04882293 — Efficacy and Safety of the Fixed-dose Combination Atorvastatin/Fenofibrate vs Atorvastatin in Patients With T2D and DLP. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01101204 — The Effects of Hypolipemic and Antidiabetic Treatment on Cytokines (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02079376 — The DIAMOND® for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00309712 — Diabetes and Combined Lipid Therapy Regimen (DIACOR) Study (COMPLETED) NA NCT02314533 — Evaluate the Efficacy of Fenofibrate on Microalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT05542147 — Genetic-Dependent Cardiovascular Response to PPAR-Alpha Agonist Fenofibrate (COMPLETED) NA NCT00261352 — GALLANT 14 Tesaglitazar vs. Metformin and Fenofibrate (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00349128 — Fenofibrate in Dyslipidemia and Metformin-Controlled Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Fenofibrate for diabetic retinopathy (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023) Cochrane review Novel Therapies for Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Cochrane review Inflammatory Activities in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Co-morbid Angiopathies and Exploring Beneficial Interventions: A Systematic Review (Frontiers in public health, 2020) Meta-analysis Incidence, Progression and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in Australasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2026) Meta-analysis How can we improve the management of vascular risk in type 2 diabetes: insights from FIELD (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2009) Systematic review A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Statin Lipid-Lowering Drugs for Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Current problems in cardiology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Chronic complication risk and benefits of fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes by a PPARα polymorphism (rs6008845, C/T): a FIELD trial substudy (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026) Clinical trial publication Association of fenofibrate therapy with cardiovascular events and mortality in diabetes patients with early-diagnosed hyperlipidemia (Lipids in health and disease, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alternate-day alternating monotherapy (q48h) versus daily concomitant atorvastatin-fenofibrate in adults with type 2 diabetes and mixed dyslipidemia: a 12-week randomized non-inferiority trial (BMC endocrine disorders, 2026) Clinical trial publication The association of haptoglobin levels and phenotype with cardiovascular disease in Type 2 diabetes: a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes sub-study (European journal of preventive cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Cost-effectiveness of fenofibrate versus standard care for reducing the progression of diabetic retinopathy: An economic evaluation based on data from the LENS trial (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLIMEPIRIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 16 Cochrane 30 Meta-analysis 377 Trial pubs 334 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00941161 — Effect of Oral Combination Therapy in a Single Dosage Form in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01087502 — Safety and Efficacy of Linagliptin in Type-2-diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00622284 — Efficacy and Safety of BI 1356 in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02301806 — Effects of Sitaglpitin on Endothelial Function During the OGTT in T2DM (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01958671 — A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Ertugliflozin Monotherapy in the Treatment of Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Inadequate Glycemic Control Despite Diet and Exercise (MK-8835-003, VERTIS MONO) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00775684 — Effect of Exenatide, Sitagliptin or Glimepiride on Functional ß -Cell Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT07589387 — Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria: Hypertension Diabetes Integration Study- Formative Aim 3 (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT00747383 — How Improvement in Control of Diabetes Influences the Production of a Hormone Produced in the Gut Which Improves the Release and Action of Insulin. (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Evaluation of three mechanisms of action (SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and sulfonylureas) in treating type 2 diabetes with heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of different hypoglycaemic drugs on beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (European journal of medical research, 2025) Cochrane review Long-term effects of different hypoglycemic drugs on carotid intima-media thickness progression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative effectiveness of multiple different treatment regimens for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (BMC medicine, 2023) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs (BMC endocrine disorders, 2022) Clinical trial publication Dulaglutide versus empagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin and sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes: a randomized pilot study with exploratory metabolomic and microbiome analyses (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and injection burden in mild diabetic macular edema: An exploratory post hoc analysis of the COMET trial (Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sitagliptin, Metformin and Glimepiride Fixed-Dose Combination Compared to Co-Administration of Metformin and High-Dose Glimepiride in Indian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Phase 3 Clinical Study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Glimepiride, Voglibose, and Metformin ER in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Active-Controlled Study (Journal of diabetes, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles of Four Glucose-Lowering Medications in the GRADE Randomized Trial (Diabetes care, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLIPIZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 10 Cochrane 17 Meta-analysis 145 Trial pubs 125 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00707993 — Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin Compared to Glipizide in Elderly Diabetics (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00550329 — Bioequivalence Study Of Glucotrol XL 2.5 Mg Tablets (COMPLETED) NCT01762046 — Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02608177 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management (COMPLETED) NA NCT00350779 — Sitagliptin Metformin/PPARg Agonist Combination Therapy Add-on (0431-052) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05073692 — Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens (COMPLETED) NCT00885352 — Sitagliptin (MK-0431) vs. Placebo in Patients With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin With Pioglitazone (MK-0431-128) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01267448 — Outpatient Discharge Therapy With Saxagliptin+MetforminXR vs GlipizideXL for Type 2 Diabetes With Severe Hyperglycemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Clinical pharmacokinetics of glipizide: a systematic review (Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2025) Cochrane review Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugs (BMC endocrine disorders, 2022) Cochrane review Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021) Cochrane review Is metformin still the most efficacious first-line oral hypoglycaemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2019) Meta-analysis The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Nutrients, 2022) Meta-analysis Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to Sulfonylureas (Diabetes care, 2021) Systematic review Maternal-to-Infant Transfer of Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Via Breastmilk: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Clinical Guidelines (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2026) Clinical trial publication Glycemic and non-glycemic benefits of initial triple therapy versus sequential add-on therapy in patients with new-onset diabetes: results from the EDICT study (BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of dapagliflozin on renal haemodynamics in hyperfiltering T2D patients (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Cyclocarya paliurus leaves extracts alleviate metabolic phenotypes in Chinese T2DM patients by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites: a clinical randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Metagenomic analysis reveals crosstalk between gut microbiota and glucose-lowering drugs targeting the gastrointestinal tract in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6 month, two-arm randomised trial (Diabetologia, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 63 Trial pubs 52 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01500590 — Effect of Renin-angiotensin System Blockers on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes With Normoalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01109212 — The Effects of Bindarit in Diabetic Nephropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01588795 — Renal Denervation in Diabetic Nephropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02817360 — NT-proBNP Selected Prevention of Cardiac Events in Diabetic Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00549133 — Irbesartan Effects on Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Type II Diabetic Patients Comparing Atenolol (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02842359 — Evaluation of the Fixed-dose Combination of Irbesartan/Atorvastatin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Diagnosed With Hyperlipidemia and Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00317915 — Irbesartan in Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Comprehensive overview: efficacy, tolerability, and cost-effectiveness of irbesartan (Vascular health and risk management, 2013) Systematic review Systematic review on urine albumin testing for early detection of diabetic complications (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2005) Clinical trial publication Sex differences in the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers on kidney and cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: post hoc analyses of the RENAAL and IDNT trials (Diabetologia, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Prospective, Multicentered, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Keluoxin Capsules in the Treatment of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Type 2 Early Diabetic Kidney Disease (Journal of integrative and complementary medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Combined Abelmoschus manihot and Irbesartan for Reduction of Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Parallel Controlled Clinical Trial (Diabetes care, 2022) Clinical trial publication Irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: An IRMA2 sub-study (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2021) Clinical trial publication Effects of Different Doses of Irbesartan Combined With Spironolactone on Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate in Elderly Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (The American journal of the medical sciences, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 26 Cochrane 48 Meta-analysis 137 Trial pubs 131 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00915772 — Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Linagliptin 2.5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 or 1000 mg Bid and Metformin 1000 mg Bid (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01087502 — Safety and Efficacy of Linagliptin in Type-2-diabetes Mellitus Patients With Moderate to Severe Renal Impairment (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00622284 — Efficacy and Safety of BI 1356 in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02138097 — Oral and Non-insulin Injected Hypoglycemic Therapy Utilization Patterns (COMPLETED) NCT02608177 — Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management (COMPLETED) NA NCT01215097 — Efficacy and Safety Study of Linagliptin (5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily) Over 24 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control Despite Metformin Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02097342 — Effect of Linagliptin on Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta Cell Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02106104 — Renal Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Comparison and Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin and Linagliptin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of mitochondrial modulator (Imeglimin) and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A Bayesian network meta-analysis (Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026) Cochrane review Impact of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Interleukin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025) Cochrane review Safety of Linagliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Meta-analysis Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026) Systematic review The efficacy and safety of evogliptin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Systematic review The effectiveness and safety of linagliptin within elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review (Minerva endocrinology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors + DPP-4 Inhibitors on Urine Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2026) Clinical trial publication Fasting and postprandial kidney haemodynamic effects of empagliflozin and linagliptin in mono- and combination therapy compared to gliclazide in overweight people with type 2 diabetes (RACELINES): A randomised, double-blind trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Intense simplified strategy for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients with severe hyperglycaemia: multicentre, open label, randomised trial (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination of dapagliflozin and linagliptin (AJU-A51) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase III study (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 83 Cochrane 175 Meta-analysis 431 Trial pubs 396 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02895672 — GLP-1/Basal Insulin Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) NCT02113332 — Addition of Liraglutide to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Multiple Daily Insulin Injections (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02535299 — Par-4 and Telomere-telomerase System in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Received GLP-1 or Metformin Treatment (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01507311 — Effect of Liraglutide on Pulsatile Insulin Secretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04666987 — A Research Study Looking at Long-term Blood Sugar Control in People With Type 2 Diabetes Being Treated With Xultophy® in a Real-world Setting in Italy (COMPLETED) NCT03862716 — Remission Evaluation of a Metabolic Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes With IDegLira (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04657939 — Targeting Beta-cell Failure in Lean Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and rotator cuff disease: a scoping review (BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of three fixed-ratio combination products in type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis (Journal of diabetes investigation, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists in children with obesity and type 2 diabetes. an umbrella review (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Cardiorenal protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Renal failure, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) on Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical therapeutics, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide, Liraglutide and Semaglutide in Patients with Obesity and Without T2D: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (Advances in therapy, 2026) Systematic review Approved weight loss drugs for obesity with a thorough emphasis on GLP-1 agonist medications: A systematic review (Disease-a-month : DM, 2026) Clinical trial publication Liraglutide and Recurrent Stroke by Baseline Insulin Resistance: A Post Hoc Analysis of the LAMP Trial (Stroke, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles of Four Glucose-Lowering Medications in the GRADE Randomized Trial (Diabetes care, 2026) Clinical trial publication Modulation of circulating extracellular vesicles by antihyperglycemic therapies: A pilot randomized controlled trial (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 15 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00970528 — Glucose Reduction by Early Acarbose Treatment in Basal Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00449930 — Sitagliptin Comparative Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (0431-049) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03283657 — Diabetes Risk Education and Communication Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT03430856 — Comparison of Insulin Tregopil (IN-105) With Insulin Aspart in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00111631 — A Study of DPP-IV Inhibitor in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00915772 — Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes With Linagliptin 2.5 mg Bid + Metformin 500 or 1000 mg Bid and Metformin 1000 mg Bid (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00818077 — Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Understand the Glycemic Impact of Food (COMPLETED) NCT00941161 — Effect of Oral Combination Therapy in a Single Dosage Form in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review The feasibility of Chinese massage as an auxiliary way of replacing or reducing drugs in the clinical treatment of adult type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2020) Clinical trial publication Fixed dose combination of dapagliflozin, glimepiride and extended-release metformin tablets in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled by metformin and glimepiride: A phase III, open label, randomized clinical study in India (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Dapagliflozin + Sitagliptin + Metformin Versus Sitagliptin + Metformin in T2DM Inadequately Controlled on Metformin Monotherapy: A Multicentric Randomized Trial (Advances in therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Acupotomy combined with metformin hydrochloride tablet for type 2 diabetes mellitus and its effect on serum inflammatory factors (Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion, 2024) Clinical trial publication Bioequivalence and Safety Assessment of 2 Formulations of Low-Dose Metformin Hydrochloride under Fasting Conditions in Healthy Chinese Participants: A Randomized Phase 1 Clinical Trial (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effect and Safety of Pioglitazone-Metformin Tablets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shaanxi Province: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Double-Simulated Multicenter Study (Journal of diabetes research, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIGLITOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02370537 — A Study to Investigate How Common Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) is in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Also to Investigate the Uptake of a Single Dose of EPANOVA® or OMACOR® in Patients With Different Degrees of PEI (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02422446 — Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Function in Diabetic Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02113163 — PK Study Comparing Metformin Eicosapentaenoate to a Combined Dose of Metformin Hydrochloride and Ethyl Ester EPA (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04562467 — The Use of Icosapent Ethyl on Vascular Progenitor Cells in Individuals With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00069784 — The ORIGIN Trial (Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01633177 — Study of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Supplementation for Preventing Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00758927 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid (OMACOR) on the Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Sub-fraction in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00577590 — Effects of Fatty Acid Delivery on Heart Metabolism and Function in Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Atorvastatin in Factorial with Omega-3 EE90 Risk Reduction in Diabetes (AFORRD): a randomised controlled trial (Diabetologia, 2009) Clinical trial publication Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics for a large international trial of cardiovascular disease prevention in people with dysglycemia: the ORIGIN Trial (Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention) (American heart journal, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 78 Cochrane 149 Meta-analysis 202 Trial pubs 187 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05597202 — Does the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Govern Residual Inflammatory Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06221969 — A Research Study to See How Much CagriSema Lowers Blood Sugar and Body Weight Compared to Tirzepatide in People With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin With or Without an SGLT2 Inhibitor (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07558863 — Effect of GLP-1RA on Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT05950516 — Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide Ingection in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT03021187 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06492330 — Efficacy and Safety of CS0159 Combined With Semaglutide in MASH Patients With Obesity and T2DM (COMPLETED) NA NCT02906930 — Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Diet and Exercise Only (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07581145 — Effect of Semaglutide on Healing of Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of novel antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Cochrane review Gastric Neoplasm Risk with DPP-4 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for prevention of heart failure events in type 2 diabetes and/or obesity (ESC heart failure, 2026) Cochrane review Economic evaluation of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Relative Efficacy of Next-Generation Incretin Therapies for Cardio-Renal Protection in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Semaglutide-associated risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (PLoS medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and hair loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Systematic review Approved weight loss drugs for obesity with a thorough emphasis on GLP-1 agonist medications: A systematic review (Disease-a-month : DM, 2026) Clinical trial publication Elecoglipron, an oral small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist in adults with type 2 diabetes (SOLSTICE): a multicentre, phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Lancet (London, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Cagrilintide-semaglutide (CagriSema) as an add-on to basal insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE 3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 study (Lancet (London, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Kidney and Survival Benefits of Semaglutide in Diabetes With Chronic Kidney Disease: FLOW Trial Cardiovascular Subgroup Analyses (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICAGRELOR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04484259 — Ticagrelor With and Without Aspirin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03437044 — Low Maintenance Dose Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Diabetes Patients Undergoing PCI (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02457130 — Comparison of TIcagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Coronary Artery diseaSe and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TICS-DM) (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02748330 — Platelet Inhibition of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02302508 — Pharmacokinetics of Antiplatelet Drugs in Diabetic pAtients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT02325466 — Comparative Efficacy of Ticagrelor Versus Aspirin on Blood Viscosity in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01991795 — A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor Versus Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02214654 — A Pilot Study To Examine The Effects Of Ticagrelor To Protect Against Type 2 Diabetes-Induced Vascular Damage (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012) Clinical trial publication Limb Outcomes With Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Atherosclerosis (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2024) Clinical trial publication External applicability of the Effect of ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) trial: An analysis of patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease in the REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) registry (International journal of cardiology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Cost-effectiveness of ticagrelor in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a European economic evaluation of the THEMIS trial (European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication Diabetes-Related Factors and the Effects of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin in the THEMIS and THEMIS-PCI Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI): a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial (Lancet (London, England), 2019) Randomized controlled trial Ticagrelor in Patients with Stable Coronary Disease and Diabetes (The New England journal of medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30-90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIACEREIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUTOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUTOGLIPTIN TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLICLAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASPOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESAGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCARNITINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALIROCUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALAGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE URSODEOXYCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEZISTERIM	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIGUANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOSENTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAGRILINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1014	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200572	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1480	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL393220	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL406	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5314366	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL6067974	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL723	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL772	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL842	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHIGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CINNAMON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLINDAMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COFROGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DBPR-108	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORZAGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXYCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECNOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFPEGLENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFSUBAGLUTIDE ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELORALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENAVOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTUGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOLOCUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FASIGLIFAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEXOFENADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £3–£6 / 30 tabs (120-180mg) · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GULGAFAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HENAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICODEXTRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN ASPART	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DEGLUDEC	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN EFSITORA ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN GLULISINE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN, ISOPHANE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN LISPRO	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN PEGLISPRO	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN SUSP ISOPHANE BEEF	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPRAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVABRADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £28–£40 / 56 tabs (5mg) · US $28 / 60 tabs (5mg, Cost Plus)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JT-001	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPAQUISTAT ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAROPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBEGLITAZONE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARIDEBART CAFRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECASERMIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENAQUINONE 6	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN GLYCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	8 trials 1 Cochrane 27 Trial pubs 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01500590 — Effect of Renin-angiotensin System Blockers on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes With Normoalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00123604 — Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00744237 — Study of the Glycemic Effects of Nebivolol Compared With Metoprolol and HCTZ in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00497003 — Effect of Beta Blocker Treatment on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes or Chronic Heart Failure (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02246712 — Influence of Diabetes on Tramadol Pharmacokinetics (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642434 — Comparison of Blood Pressure Medications on Metabolism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00000620 — Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04504045 — Metformin's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effects of anti-hypertensives and type 2 diabetes on salivary flow and total antioxidant capacity (Oral diseases, 2015) Clinical trial publication Effects of nebivolol on aortic compliance in patients with diabetes and maximal renin angiotensin system blockade: the EFFORT study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2013) Clinical trial publication Metoprolol compared to carvedilol deteriorates insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes - a randomized study (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2010) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy and tolerability of metoprolol retard in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus] (Kardiologiia, 2009) Clinical trial publication Demographic analyses of the effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Glycemic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus: Carvedilol-Metoprolol Comparison in Hypertensives (GEMINI) study (Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on serum lipid concentration in diabetic hypertensive patients (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRONIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIFEPRISTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0767	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MURAGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICORANDIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBICETRAPIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMARIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGLOXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHYSIONEAL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANOLAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELACORILANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETATRUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBOFLAVIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILPARENCEL	Cell therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVAROXABAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £20–£50 / 28 tabs (varies by dose) · US $30–$80 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAXAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£8 / 4–8 tabs (generic) · US $5–$15 / 10-30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM FLUORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOMATROPIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCCINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULODEXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURVODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAGATOSE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TARANABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENELIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIAZOLIDINEDIONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELAGLIPTIN SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIBUTYRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRICLOSAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UREA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VISEPEGENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACIPIMOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISKIREN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARHALOFENATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENFLUOREX	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESTILAN CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBIPINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUBOXISTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
USISTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCYSTEINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £5–£12 / 30 tabs or effervescent · US $8–$15 / 30-60 tabs (NAC)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACLIMOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADOMEGLIVANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDAFERMIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALOE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALT-2074	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALVELESTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMANTADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-108	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPELOPSIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANASTROZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APABETALONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APELIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN TRELAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATAZANAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATIGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATRASENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATX08-001	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-1656	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-4017	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARDOXOLONE METHYL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAZEDOXIFENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELORANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMIPARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMPEDOIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERMEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BESIGLIPTIN TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BGP-15	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BI-187004	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISEGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-741672	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-770767	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-823778	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CADISEGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCITRIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM DOBESILATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMICINAL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-326597	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENICRIVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1149	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL264374	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL51085	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL591118	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL898	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIBINETIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOFUTRIBEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COTADUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CP-778875	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAGLUTRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANUGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPANSUTRILE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENOSUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONEPEZIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDAGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFINOPEGDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELAFIBRANOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPELEUTON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPRODISATE DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERITORAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIRUGLIPEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FRONIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSERELIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRANOTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1070806	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1292263	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE (HUMAN RECOMBINANT)	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOVAMENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILACIRNON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMARIKIREN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMEGLIMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-13739	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOCYANINE GREEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN PORK	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN TREGOPIL	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INT131	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSTEVIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-41443532	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANIFIBRANOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOKETOCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LGD-6972	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LICOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINERIXIBAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOTIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-2608204	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MACUPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MB-05032	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MB-07803	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-2044	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-2982	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Diabetes care, 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIPOMERSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIZACORAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0533	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0893	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0941	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-3577	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8245	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVEGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NCX-4016	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERIGLIATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIDUFEXOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NINERAFAXSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NISOTIROSTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NT-0796	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBETICHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFIRNOFLAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORGOTEIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OX BILE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYNTOMODULIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARICALCITOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGAPAMODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGBELFERMIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGLOTICASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGSEBRENATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETRELINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04991532	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-05175157	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06291874	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06835919	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-102	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLOZALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALICIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASUGREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOLIS WAX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAFABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELAXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RO-5027838	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAR425899	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-756050	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SETOGEPRAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILIBININ	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SLX-4090	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODELGLITAZAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SRT-2104	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCCINOBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFORAPHANE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TC-6987	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESAMORELIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESOFENSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRADECYLTHIOACETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOFOGLIFLOZIN ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLIMIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TZP-102	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UBIDECARENONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERAPAMIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERINURAD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICADROSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICASINABIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIGABATRIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLANESORSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VUPANORSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XEN-D0501	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL550	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YM-543	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YOHIMBINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANAMIVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZINC OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPTOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVIRENZ	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYGEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	40	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCHOLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADP-597	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPELISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMILORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATROPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANECHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-686117	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-820132	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-903452	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BTI-410	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BULOXIBUTID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL135	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1389	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1485	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL160	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL32	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL374478	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL457	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL569766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL8085	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHROMIUM PICOLINATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLX-0921	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CROTEDUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDASALONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFRUXIFERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMUGROBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENGLITAZONE SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAZPILODEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUROSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GHRELIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENG, ASIAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENOSIDE RE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLOBALAGLIATIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLOCDACIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSERELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1614235	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPALATIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JTT-251	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINOLEIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-2405319	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY2881835	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDI-7219	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLCOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8666	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOMEGESTROL ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLESTRA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLIVE OIL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORE-1001	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAMREVLUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03882845	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04603629	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-04620110	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-5190457	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAUDIOSIDE A	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RECOMBINANT HUMAN KALLIKREIN-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REXLEMESTROCEL-L	Cell therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RONGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROTAVIRUS, LIVE ATTENUATED	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALACINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELONABANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM TAUROCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAUROCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREHALOSE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRODUSQUEMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLAGIDEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XELAGLIFAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALOGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIBEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREPITANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARUNDIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAY-985	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEINAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIOTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ 788	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ-123	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM POLYCARBOPHIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNITINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETILISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHENODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCARBOXYLASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CPD 29	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYANOCOBALAMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYPROTERONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANUGLIPRON TROMETHAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARBEPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIQUAFOSOL TETRASODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCETAXEL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-1558	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN BETA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTIPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTUGLIFLOZIN PIDOLATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIMASARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINERENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL TRIGLYCERIDES	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURBIPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARLIC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINGER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLISOXEPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLP-1	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYBURIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBANDRONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPROST	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DETEMIR	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN GLARGINE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN ICODEC	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN, ISOPHANE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPRAGLIFLOZIN L-PROLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACTULOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIXISENATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBEGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORNOXICAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUSEOGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYCOPENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRELEPTIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE CALCIUM DIHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOREPINEPHRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON CALCIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGVISOMANT	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERFLUTREN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROTAMINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £15–£25 / 60 tabs · US $20–$35 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGADENOSON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIMAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REPAGLINIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBAVIRIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSIGLITAZONE MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAXAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVELAMER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SKF-38393	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLAZAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLBUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TYROSINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARENICLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VILDAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOGLIBOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WARFARIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZINC SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACARBOSE Repurposing via AMY2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOHEXAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANGIOTENSIN II Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £20–£50 / 28-60 tabs · US $30–$70 / 30-60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ASCORBIC ACID Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing via AKT2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPTOPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing via AKT2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GENISTEIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLICLAZIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLIMEPIRIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLIPIZIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLYBURIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IRBESARTAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVODOPA Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via COXFA4L2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of oral methazolamide in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Diabetes care, 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	8 trials 1 Cochrane 27 Trial pubs 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01500590 — Effect of Renin-angiotensin System Blockers on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients With Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes With Normoalbuminuria (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00123604 — Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Versus Metoprolol in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00744237 — Study of the Glycemic Effects of Nebivolol Compared With Metoprolol and HCTZ in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00497003 — Effect of Beta Blocker Treatment on Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes or Chronic Heart Failure (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02246712 — Influence of Diabetes on Tramadol Pharmacokinetics (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642434 — Comparison of Blood Pressure Medications on Metabolism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00000620 — Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04504045 — Metformin's Effect on Drug Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effects of anti-hypertensives and type 2 diabetes on salivary flow and total antioxidant capacity (Oral diseases, 2015) Clinical trial publication Effects of nebivolol on aortic compliance in patients with diabetes and maximal renin angiotensin system blockade: the EFFORT study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2013) Clinical trial publication Metoprolol compared to carvedilol deteriorates insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes - a randomized study (Cardiovascular diabetology, 2010) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy and tolerability of metoprolol retard in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus] (Kardiologiia, 2009) Clinical trial publication Demographic analyses of the effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Glycemic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus: Carvedilol-Metoprolol Comparison in Hypertensives (GEMINI) study (Journal of the cardiometabolic syndrome, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Comparison of carvedilol and metoprolol on serum lipid concentration in diabetic hypertensive patients (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITIGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PERINDOPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SARALASIN ACETATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN Repurposing via CDKAL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPARSENTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB Repurposing via AKT2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETA PH61 Repurposing via CTRB1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LIPROTAMASE Repurposing via AMY2A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TASOSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Berberine OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 8 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06353347 — Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06911983 — Comparative Efficacy of Metformin and Berberine Among TCF7L2 (rs7903146) TT vs. CC Genotype Carriers With Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT00633282 — Role of Pioglitazone and Berberine in Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07606872 — Validation of the Snouda Metabolic Score for Phenotyping and Guiding Reversal in Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06350890 — Efficacy and Safety of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06415773 — Effects of Berberine Ursodeoxycholate (HTD1801) Versus Dapagliflozin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06496893 — A Study to Assess Effect of Glucocil® on Metabolic Health in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06979440 — Study on the Molecular Mechanism of Berberine to Improve Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated With Depression (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Gegen Qinlian decoction ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs with mechanistic insights into SIRT1/AMPK pathway activation (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silymarin, and Berberine on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Berberine and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews (BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2025) Cochrane review The Effect of Berberine on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2021) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance: Protocol for a systematic review (Medicine, 2019) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of berberine on blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis (Endocrine journal, 2019) Systematic review The Effect of Berberine Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Metabolic Disorders: An Umbrella Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Clinical therapeutics, 2024) Clinical trial publication Berberine Ursodeoxycholate for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA network open, 2025) Clinical trial publication The efficacy and safety of berberine in combination with cinnamon supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Metformin and the Natural Product Goldenseal Is Metformin Dose-Dependent: A Three-Arm Crossover Study in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of HIMABERB® Berberine on glycemic control in patients with prediabetes: double-blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized pilot trial (BMC endocrine disorders, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Cinnamon OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 29 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00846898 — Is There a Metabolic Effect of Cinnamon on HbA1c, Blood Pressure and Serum Lipids in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01027585 — The Effects of Cinnamon on Postprandial Blood Glucose, and Insulin in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance (COMPLETED) NCT06515652 — To Compare the Effects of Herbal Medicines With Traditional Allopathic Medicines in Cases of Patients With Metabolic Syndrome (RECRUITING) NA NCT00479973 — The Anti-Diabetic and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Cinnamon and Cassia Bark (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03711682 — Reducing Plasma Glucose Effect of Cinnamon in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in the Municipality of Comasagua (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06496893 — A Study to Assess Effect of Glucocil® on Metabolic Health in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05145673 — Effect of Aqueous Cinnamon Extract on the Postprandial Glycaemia Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA NCT00237640 — Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non-Insulin Dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutrition reviews, 2025) Cochrane review The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review (Nutrients, 2022) Cochrane review What is the influence of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021) Cochrane review The effect of cinnamon supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2020) Meta-analysis Effect of Aromatic Herbs and Spices Present in the Mediterranean Diet on the Glycemic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2024) Meta-analysis The effect of cinnamon consumption on lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers in adults: An umbrella meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2023) Meta-analysis Comparative effectiveness of six herbs in the management of glycemic status of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2023) Systematic review Sweetly Improving Sugars? Reviewing Cinnamon's Effects on Blood Glucose (Journal of medicinal food, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Ceylon cinnamon) for diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2025) Clinical trial publication Olfactory training improves cognition and modifies brain networks in type 2 diabetes patients with mild cognitive impairment: A 16-week randomised controlled trial (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of cinnamon in reducing anthropometric measurements in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial (Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Magnesium OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 26 Meta-analysis 69 Trial pubs 57 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03002545 — Magnesium Supplementation in Type II Diabetes (COMPLETED) NA NCT00699413 — Supplements for Controlling Resistance to Insulin (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT01088165 — The Influence of Adalimumab on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk in Psoriasis (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT07606872 — Validation of the Snouda Metabolic Score for Phenotyping and Guiding Reversal in Type 2 Diabetes (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT03622762 — Green Tea Extract on Soluble RAGE in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03592667 — Dapagliflozin on Blood Pressure Variability and Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index in Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT05774015 — Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Guided by Serum Ionized Magnesium Level (COMPLETED) NA NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of hidden hunger on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (Scientific reports, 2025) Cochrane review Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations (The Journal of nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Comparison of nutritional supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2022) Cochrane review The Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 in Sixty-One Patients (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022) Cochrane review The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Biological trace element research, 2021) Meta-analysis Association Between Levels of Magnesium and Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 2025) Meta-analysis Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (Endocrine, 2024) Systematic review Essential micronutrients and biguanides (metformin) synergistic and antagonistic interactions on neurocognitive outcomes in type two diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Systematic review An evidence-based assessment of the nutritional recommendations for the prevention of diabetes mellitus (Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025) Clinical trial publication Magnesium supplementation did not reduce serum calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026) Clinical trial publication Can supplements with prebiotic fibres positively influence bone health in type 2 diabetes? Insights from a randomised controlled crossover trial (Archives of osteoporosis, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Melatonin OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	7 trials 5 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02108353 — Circadian Phase Adjustment and Improvement of Metabolic Control in Night Shift Workers (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00869128 — A Study of the Efficacy of Prolonged-Release Melatonin Versus Placebo in Diabetic Patients Suffering From Insomnia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05870358 — Melatonin Supports Non Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Periodontitis (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06292000 — Examining the Effects of Morning and Evening Exercise on Glucose Regulation in Adults With Prediabetes (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT07036796 — Effect of Melatonin in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02691897 — Melatonin's Effects on Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT03859934 — Metabolic Effects of Melatonin Treatment (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review The Impact of Antioxidant Adjuncts on Periodontal Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025) Cochrane review The effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review The role of melatonin and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review (Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2021) Cochrane review Interventions for preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Meta-analysis Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Current pharmaceutical design, 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of daily administration of melatonin before bedtime on fasting insulin, glucose and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults and patients with metabolic diseases. A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical endocrinology, 2021) Systematic review A systematic review of variations in circadian rhythm genes and type 2 diabetes (Nutrition and health, 2024) Clinical trial publication Natural daylight during office hours improves glucose control and whole-body substrate metabolism (Cell metabolism, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of light therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in older type 2 diabetics living in long-term care facilities: a randomized controlled trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Melatonin supports nonsurgical periodontal treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial (Journal of periodontology, 2024) Clinical trial publication MTNR1B genotype and effects of carbohydrate quantity and dietary glycaemic index on glycaemic response to an oral glucose load: the OmniCarb trial (Diabetologia, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Omega-3 fatty acids OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 16 Meta-analysis 54 Trial pubs 42 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02370537 — A Study to Investigate How Common Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency (PEI) is in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Also to Investigate the Uptake of a Single Dose of EPANOVA® or OMACOR® in Patients With Different Degrees of PEI (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02422446 — Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Function in Diabetic Subjects (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT03380416 — Effects of a Portfolio Diet on NAFLD in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT07677995 — Free Fatty Acid Effects In Type 2 Diabetes (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT07575438 — Effects of Different Fish Oil Types on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors in High-Risk Adults (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02800252 — Effects of Omega-3 Plus Low-dose Aspirin as Adjunct to Periodontal Debridement for Chronic Periodontitis in Diabetics (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02279407 — A Study to Investigate Effects of Omega-3 Carboxylic Acids and Dapagliflozin on Liver Fat Content in Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02034266 — The Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Nerve Structure and Function in Type 1 Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review The Impact of Antioxidant Adjuncts on Periodontal Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025) Cochrane review Can omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation affect obesity indices? (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabetes management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of as an add-on nutritional supplementation therapy (Archives of pharmacal research, 2022) Cochrane review Novel Therapies for Kidney Disease in People With Diabetes (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Cochrane review Effects of fish oil supplementation on glucose control and lipid levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Lipids in health and disease, 2020) Meta-analysis Dose-dependent effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein concentrations in cardiometabolic disorders: a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (Inflammopharmacology, 2025) Meta-analysis Vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo and incident type 2 diabetes in an ancillary study of the randomized Vitamin D and Omega-3 Trial (Nature communications, 2025) Meta-analysis The effects of ω-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials (Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2024) Meta-analysis Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Systematic review The effects of omega-3 fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2022) Clinical trial publication Improvement in Glycolipid Metabolism Parameters After Supplementing Fish Oil-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Nutrients, 2024) Clinical trial publication EPA and DHA inhibit LDL-induced upregulation of human adipose tissue NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and its association with diabetes risk factors (Scientific reports, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Probiotics OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 33 Cochrane 53 Meta-analysis 57 Trial pubs 53 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02144948 — Investigation of the Effect of E.-Coli-Nissle as Supporting Therapy to Standard Care of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04769687 — Symbiotics and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02728414 — Probiotics Effect on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05418179 — Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Fecal Microbiota, Nutritional Status, Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03377946 — Effect of Probiotics on Pre-diabetes and Diabetes in China (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07072949 — The Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Probiotics on Metabolic Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Taking Metformin (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04754464 — Clinical Study on the Effect of a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass (COMPLETED) NA NCT03267758 — Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Endothelial Function II (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Intermittent Fasting and Probiotics for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review (Nutrients, 2025) Cochrane review Effects of probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota in patients with diabetes/prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (The British journal of nutrition, 2026) Cochrane review Effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjunct in the management of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025) Cochrane review Probiotic supplementation contributes to glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2025) Cochrane review Probiotics Supplementation for Improving Glucolipid Parameters in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2025) Meta-analysis Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study (PloS one, 2026) Meta-analysis Meta-analytical insight on probiotic metabolites and inflammatory markers in diabetes (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Probiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation Reduce Inflammatory Cytokines in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from a Systematic Review Meta-analysis (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Grade-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026) Systematic review The role of microbiota derived metabolites in modulating diabetic inflammation: a systematic review (Journal of molecular histology, 2026) Systematic review Targeting the gut microbiome for type 2 diabetes management: a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of probiotics derivatives (postbiotics and metabiotics) on glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial (DELI_Diab study) (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Resveratrol OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 14 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 25 Trial pubs 24 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02502253 — BDPP Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01302639 — Dietary Polyphenols and Lipid Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT02129595 — Resveratrol and First-degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT01158417 — Resveratrol in Type2 Diabetes and Obesity (TERMINATED) NA NCT01451918 — Regulation of Intestinal and Hepatic Lipoprotein Secretion by Resveratrol (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02549924 — Effect of Administration of Resveratrol on Glycemic Variability in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT06131918 — Assessment of Antioxidant Therapy on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01881347 — Effects of Resveratrol on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Clinical Efficacy of Curcumin, Resveratrol, Silymarin, and Berberine on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systemic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of resveratrol supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients: randomized double-blind placebo meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2024) Cochrane review Effects of Resveratrol on Metabolic Indicators in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (International journal of clinical practice, 2022) Cochrane review The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic parameters in patients with T2DM: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicina clinica, 2022) Meta-analysis The effects of resveratrol on glycemic indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis (Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol supplementation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition journal, 2026) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of Resveratrol on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sirtuin 1 in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes (International journal of molecular sciences, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol supplementation on hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular indices in overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022) Clinical trial publication Role of resveratrol supplementation in regulation of glucose hemostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2022) Clinical trial publication Resveratrol treatment does not reduce arterial inflammation in males at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover trial (Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Time-restricted eating (Intermittent fasting) OSMF review	Lifestyle	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03940482 — Time Restricted Eating As Treatment (TREAT) for Diabetes Mellitus: A Pre-Post 12 Week Study on the Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting in Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05290246 — TRE in Type 2 Diabetes (See Food Study 3) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04090840 — Lifestyle Intervention Feasibility for Arrhythmia and Symptoms With Intermittent Fasting (LIFE AS IF) (COMPLETED) NA NCT05860413 — Intermittent Fasting for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) NA NCT04283942 — Effect of Intermittent Calorie Restriction on MASLD Patients With Abnormal Glucose Metabolism (COMPLETED) NA NCT07272460 — Time Restricted-EAting for Type 2 Diabetes and MEtabolic Health: the TEA TIME Trial (RECRUITING) NA NCT06845345 — Effect of an Early Time Restricted Eating Mediterranean Diet Compared to Naltrexone/Bupropion on Liver Fibrosis in People With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Hospital Outpatient Clinic (MEDFAST-study) (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) PHASE4 NCT07674875 — Meal Frequency and Timing on Metabolic Health in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation

Natural Products

222 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Sources	Links
Psyllium Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ… Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin C Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient… Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ChEMBL, Examine.com	ChEMBL PubChem Examine.com ChEMBL
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta Analysis Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiovascular outcome… Meta Analysis, Review Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may incr… Human Study The consumption of omega-3 fatty acid supplements decreases homocystein…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Magnesium Natural product Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analyses suggested that lycopene intake… Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analysis conclude that magnesium levels… Meta Analysis, Review Magnesium supplementation appears to have a beneficial role and improve…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Zinc Natural product Meta Analysis These findings strongly suggest a potential beneficial effect of zinc s… Meta Analysis, Review Zinc supplementation improves glycemic control for diabetes prevention…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin K Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Beetroot Natural product Meta Analysis, Review A higher intake of sugar-sweetened fruit juice was significantly associ… Meta Analysis Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened bevera… Meta Analysis, Review Dietary free sugars influence blood pressure and serum lipids independe…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Fenugreek Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effect of fenugreek on hyperglycemia. Meta Analysis, Review The overall results support the possible protective and therapeutic eff… Meta Analysis, Review The therapeutic potential of Trigonella foenumgraecum in diabetic patie…	Botanical	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Pycnogenol Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Gymnema Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Ayurvedic	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Garlic Natural product Meta Analysis Current data confirms that garlic supplement plays positive rolls in th… Meta Analysis, Review Garlic can reduce lipid profile as well as glucose parameters in patien…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Lycopene Natural product Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analyses suggested that lycopene intake… Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analysis conclude that magnesium levels… Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that propolis supple…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Ginger Natural product	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ… Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin C Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patient… Meta Analysis, Review Analysis proved that vitamin D has shown significant effect on regulate… Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors among patients with typ…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Magnesium Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Zinc Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Olive Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of walnut leaf extract on glycemic control and lipid profile… Meta Analysis, Review Brown seaweed and its extracts show potential for preventing and managi… Meta Analysis Cinnamon extract and/or cinnamon improves fasting blood sugar in people…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Garlic Natural product Meta Analysis Current data confirms that garlic supplement plays positive rolls in th… Meta Analysis, Review Garlic can reduce lipid profile as well as glucose parameters in patien…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Lycopene Natural product Meta Analysis, Review This systematic review and meta-analyses suggested that lycopene intake…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Ginger Natural product Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant-Based Foods on Metabolic Outc… Pharmacological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale): what do met… The effect of oral supplementation of ginger on glycemic control of pat…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Vitamin K Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Spirulina Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Berberine Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Glucose-lowering effect of berberine on type 2 diabetes. Meta Analysis, Review The effect of berberine on metabolic profiles in type 2 diabetic patien… Meta Analysis The effect of berberine supplementation on glycemic control and inflamm…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Cinnamon Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individu… Meta Analysis Cinnamon extract and/or cinnamon improves fasting blood sugar in people… Meta Analysis Cinnamon intervention may be beneficial in lowering TG and LDL-C levels…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effect of Crocus sativus and crocin in the treatment of patients with t… Human Study The findings indicate that crocin supplementation can improve glycemic…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Passion fruit peel flour and turmeric flour interventions showed signif… Meta Analysis Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin on glycemic and lipid profile…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Nigella sativa and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews a… Meta Analysis, Review Nigella sativa supplementation improves cardiometabolic indicators in p…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effects of resveratrol on glycemic control and cardiometabolic para…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Chromium Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Coenzyme Q10 Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Egcg Natural product Meta Analysis Higher fruit or green leafy vegetables intake is associated with a sign…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individu… Meta Analysis, Review Efficacy of myricetin supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Arginine Natural product	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Ashwagandha Natural product	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Citrulline Natural product	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Creatine Natural product	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Probiotics Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation may help to improve biomarkers… Meta Analysis Probiotics could significantly reduce HOMA-IR of T2DM patients. Meta Analysis Probiotics may decrease the indexes of lipid profile, blood pressure, a…	Probiotic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	Examine.com
Bitter Melon Natural product Meta Analysis, Review M. charantia adjunct preparations improved glycemic control in T2DM pat… Meta Analysis, Review The safety and efficacy of Momordica charantia L. in animal models of t…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		—
Ginseng Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Ginseng supplementation may be an effective strategy for improving card…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		—
Astragalus Natural product Meta Analysis Effectiveness of medicinal plants for glycaemic control in type 2 diabe…	TCM herb	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		—
Moringa Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Quercetin Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)		PubChem
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Combination in… Unveiling the Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Neu… Alpha-Lipoic Acid Reduces NLRP3/ASC Expression and IL-1β Release in Kup…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Chromium Natural product Chromium supplementation and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an extensive sys… An evidence-based assessment of the nutritional recommendations for the… A comparative study to assess the use of chromium in type 2 diabetes me…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Berberine Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Cinnamon Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Arginine Natural product Exercise Interventions Combined With Dietary Supplements in Type 2 Diab… Effects of treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors on arginine-related cardiov… Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown ad…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Effect of acarbose and vildagliptin on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide le… The Effects of L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, and Propionyl-L-Carniti… Quantitative efficacy of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic contro…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Quercetin Natural product Efficacy of a standardized herbal product from Pistacia atlantica subsp… Bioactive Compounds Effective Against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Syste… Epicatechin and quercetin exhibit in vitro antioxidant effect, improve…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Krill Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Effects of cinnamon supplementation on metabolic biomarkers in individu… Meta Analysis, Review Efficacy of myricetin supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Coenzyme Q10 Natural product Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabe… Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on serum values of adiponectin,… Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Serum Values of Gamma-glutam…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Egcg Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Ashwagandha Natural product Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic role of Ashwagandha (Withania somni… Effects of Berberis asiatica, Withania somnifera, and Their Combination… Evaluation of Lipid Profile Modulation by Berberis asiatica, Withania s…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Citrulline Natural product Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function, Arteri… Effects of linagliptin on endothelial function and postprandial lipids…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Creatine Natural product Associations between dose-response of serum creatinine and type 2 diabe… Non-invasive metabolic biomarkers in initial cognitive impairment in pa… Factors associated with patient empowerment in Spanish adults with type…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Ginkgo Biloba Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Panax Ginseng (Korean Ginseng) Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Whey Protein Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Inulin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Jiaogulan Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Milk Protein Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Salacia Reticulata Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Aloe Vera Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Banaba Leaf Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Black Chokeberry Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Butcher's Broom Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com
Casein Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Acupuncture in treating obesity combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Meta Analysis, Review Benefits of herbal formulae containing Poria cocos for type 2 diabetes… Meta Analysis, Review Comparing the efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets with low-fa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	Examine.com	Examine.com

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.