Summary
Glipizide has reached the approved stage (maximum clinical phase 4) for at least one indication, so its use in Type 2 Diabetes would be drug repurposing rather than first-in-human development. This does not mean it is approved for Type 2 Diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 8 registered trials linking Glipizide to Type 2 Diabetes: 8 have completed. The most advanced is Phase 4 (NCT01267448). The largest enrolment is 241981 participants (NCT05073692). Registration activity spans 2006 to 2021. The literature layer holds 13 publications for this pair: 5 Cochrane reviews, 2 meta-analyses, 1 systematic review and 5 clinical trial publications. Publication years run from 2019 to 2026. Because at least one synthesis-level source exists (systematic review, meta-analysis or Cochrane review), this pair has been assessed beyond single studies, although the synthesis may concern a different indication.
The RepurpOS disease-intelligence file for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ranks 767 candidate therapeutics from Open Targets, ChEMBL, DGIdb and PubMed; only a minority carry direct clinical evidence, and this page covers one of those. Spontaneous remission context recorded for the condition: 1.6-1.7% at 7 years on standard care (population-level cohorts UK and US).
Evidence table
| Evidence tier | A · Strong |
|---|---|
| Evidence score | 78.5 (trials 28.5, literature 30.0, tier 15, approved bonus 5.0) |
| Registered trials | 8 total: 0 recruiting, 0 active / not yet recruiting, 8 completed, 0 other |
| Linked publications | 13 (5 Cochrane reviews, 5 clinical trial publications, 2 meta-analyses, 1 systematic review) |
| Agent type | Drug (Small molecule) |
| Development stage (any indication) | Approved |
| Mechanism / class | Not recorded |
| Data sources | Open Targets, ChEMBL |
How the evidence score is calculated
- Each registered trial scores by status (recruiting / active / enrolling 3, completed 2.5, not yet recruiting 2, unknown 1, terminated / withdrawn / suspended 0.5) plus a phase bonus (phase 3-4 +2, phase 2 +1, phase 1 +0.5). The trial component is capped at 30.
- Each literature item scores by design (Cochrane review 5, meta-analysis 4, systematic review 3, RCT 3, clinical trial publication 2, curated reference 1.5, other PubMed record 1). The literature component is capped at 30.
- The existing evidence tier adds 15 (A / Strong), 10 (B / Moderate), 5 (C / Preliminary) or 0 (D / Anecdotal).
- Agents approved for any indication (max clinical phase 4) add 5, because an approved agent has an established safety profile that lowers the barrier to repurposing trials.
- The score ranks what has been studied, not what works. It does not read effect sizes or directions of effect.
Registered clinical trials
| NCT ID | Title | Status | Phase | Enrolment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01267448 | Outpatient Discharge Therapy With Saxagliptin+MetforminXR vs GlipizideXL for Type 2 Diabetes With Severe Hyperglycemia 2014 | completed | Phase 4 | 100 |
| NCT00707993 | Efficacy and Safety of Alogliptin Compared to Glipizide in Elderly Diabetics 2008 | completed | Phase 3 | 441 |
| NCT00350779 | Sitagliptin Metformin/PPARg Agonist Combination Therapy Add-on (0431-052) 2006 | completed | Phase 3 | 262 |
| NCT00885352 | Sitagliptin (MK-0431) vs. Placebo in Patients With Inadequate Glycemic Control on Metformin With Pioglitazone (MK-0431-128) 2009 | completed | Phase 3 | 313 |
| NCT01762046 | Study to Understand the Genetics of the Acute Response to Metformin and Glipizide in Humans 2008 | completed | Phase 1 | 1,033 |
| NCT00550329 | Bioequivalence Study Of Glucotrol XL 2.5 Mg Tablets 2007 | completed | Not applicable | 32 |
| NCT02608177 | Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease - Changing Glucose Management 2015 | completed | Not applicable | 3 |
| NCT05073692 | Comparison of Type 2 Diabetes Pharmacotherapy Regimens 2021 | completed | Not applicable | 241,981 |
Published literature
- Systematic review Maternal-to-Infant Transfer of Medications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Via Breastmilk: A Systematic Review of Available Evidence and Clinical GuidelinesRichardson K, Kiptoo J, Mpora Odongkara B et al. · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026 · PMID 41670332
- Clinical trial publication Glycemic and non-glycemic benefits of initial triple therapy versus sequential add-on therapy in patients with new-onset diabetes: results from the EDICT studyAbdul-Ghani M, Puckett C, Abdelgani S et al. · BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025 · PMID 40288809
- Clinical trial publication Effect of dapagliflozin on renal haemodynamics in hyperfiltering T2D patientsCersosimo E, YueJuan Q, Baskoy G et al. · Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025 · PMID 39604709
- Cochrane review Clinical pharmacokinetics of glipizide: a systematic reviewKhan H, Zamir A, Imran I et al. · Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025 · PMID 39267225
- Cochrane review Metformin for preventing the progression of chronic kidney diseaseEl-Damanawi R, Stanley IK, Staatz C et al. · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024 · PMID 38837240
- Clinical trial publication Cyclocarya paliurus leaves extracts alleviate metabolic phenotypes in Chinese T2DM patients by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites: a clinical randomized controlled trialPeng X, Chen S, Zhong L et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023 · PMID 37293505
- Clinical trial publication Metagenomic analysis reveals crosstalk between gut microbiota and glucose-lowering drugs targeting the gastrointestinal tract in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6 month, two-arm randomised trialZhang X, Ren H, Zhao C et al. · Diabetologia · 2022 · PMID 35930018
- Clinical trial publication FGF21 contributes to metabolic improvements elicited by combination therapy with exenatide and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetesSamms RJ, Cheng CC, Fourcaudot M et al. · American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2022 · PMID 35723225
- Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials comparing sulfonylureas and low hypoglycaemic risk antidiabetic drugsVolke V, Katus U, Johannson A et al. · BMC endocrine disorders · 2022 · PMID 36261824
- Meta-analysis The Effect of Prebiotics and Oral Anti-Diabetic Agents on Gut Microbiome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled TrialsOjo O, Wang X, Ojo OO et al. · Nutrients · 2022 · PMID 36501168
- Cochrane review Effects of Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-AnalysisZhang YS, Zheng YD, Yuan Y et al. · Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021 · PMID 34721294
- Meta-analysis Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Identifies Genetic Variants Associated With Glycemic Response to SulfonylureasDawed AY, Yee SW, Zhou K et al. · Diabetes care · 2021 · PMID 34607834
- Cochrane review Is metformin still the most efficacious first-line oral hypoglycaemic drug in treating type 2 diabetes? A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsJia Y, Lao Y, Zhu H et al. · Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2019 · PMID 30230172
Mechanism and notes
No mechanism of action is recorded for this pair in the source databases.
OSMF's existing evidence tier for this pair is A (Strong), derived from the strength of the disease association recorded in Open Targets and ChEMBL. The tier describes how well the drug-disease link is documented, not how well the drug works.
Frequently asked questions
Is Glipizide approved for Type 2 Diabetes?
Glipizide has reached the approved stage (maximum clinical phase 4) for at least one indication, so its use in Type 2 Diabetes would be drug repurposing rather than first-in-human development. This does not mean it is approved for Type 2 Diabetes. Approval status for the specific indication should always be confirmed with the relevant regulator and prescribing information.
Is Glipizide in clinical trials for Type 2 Diabetes?
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 8 registered trials linking Glipizide to Type 2 Diabetes: 8 have completed. The most advanced is Phase 4 (NCT01267448). The largest enrolment is 241981 participants (NCT05073692). Registration activity spans 2006 to 2021.
What does the evidence show for Glipizide in Type 2 Diabetes?
Glipizide has both completed registered trials and synthesis-level publications linked to Type 2 Diabetes. That is the strongest profile in this database, but the summaries here do not extract effect sizes, so read the linked reviews for direction and magnitude of benefit. OSMF's existing evidence tier for this pair is A (Strong), derived from the strength of the disease association recorded in Open Targets and ChEMBL. The tier describes how well the drug-disease link is documented, not how well the drug works.
Cite this page
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Open Targets, ChEMBL, DGIdb and the OSMF therapeutic agent database. Last updated 2026-07-05. Page built 2026-10-07.