Summary
| Direction in Long COVID | ↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Vascular |
| Also described as | Endothelial marker |
| Compared against | HC (healthy controls) |
| Associated symptoms | Endothelial injury |
| Test type | Blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood) |
| LOINC code | 27816-0 |
| Source | Lai et al. 2023 — doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1085988 |
| Condition atlas | Long COVID Biomarker Atlas |
Trials, interventions and tests
In clinical-trial registrations this marker maps to the outcome term von Willebrand Factor antigen (VWF:Ag) (2 registered trials use a matching outcome measure).
Clinical trials using von Willebrand Factor (vWF) as an outcome
- NCT05890534: Pycnogenol® in Post-COVID-19 Condition (Completed)
Outcome measure: von Willebrand Factor antigen (VWF:Ag) - NCT05531019: COVID-19 Sequelae: Treatment and Monitoring. A Dietary Supplement Based on Sea Urchin Eggs With Echinochroma A (Completed)
Outcome measure: Change of Von Willebrand Factor over time-points (baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 12 weeks) via blood sample.
Commercial test availability
von Willebrand Factor (vWF) — commercial laboratory test.
Links are for reference only; availability, specimen requirements and coverage vary by location.
Related Vascular markers in Long COVID
Full list: Long COVID Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is von Willebrand Factor (vWF) high or low in Long COVID?
Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher von Willebrand Factor (vWF) in Long COVID than in healthy controls. Source: Lai et al. 2023.
What symptoms is von Willebrand Factor (vWF) associated with in Long COVID?
The cited literature associates this marker with Endothelial injury. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures von Willebrand Factor (vWF)?
It is measured as a blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood). The standard laboratory code is LOINC 27816-0. Commercial laboratories such as Quest Diagnostics, LabCorp list an orderable assay.
Is one abnormal von Willebrand Factor (vWF) result diagnostic of Long COVID?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of Long COVID. von Willebrand Factor (vWF) findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-29 · Page generated from long-covid.json · Browse: Long COVID atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.