Summary
| Direction in PACVS | ↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Spike Antigen |
| Also described as | Post-vaccine neurological AE |
| Compared against | HC (healthy controls) |
| Associated symptoms | Neurological complications |
| Test type | Clinical or physiological test |
| Source | Ota et al. 2025 — doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2025.111223 |
| Condition atlas | PACVS Biomarker Atlas |
Related Spike Antigen markers in PACVS
Full list: PACVS Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is Spike in neurological tissue high or low in PACVS?
Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher Spike in neurological tissue in PACVS than in healthy controls. Source: Ota et al. 2025.
What symptoms is Spike in neurological tissue associated with in PACVS?
The cited literature associates this marker with Neurological complications. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures Spike in neurological tissue?
It is measured as a clinical or physiological test. Many of the cited studies used research-grade assays, so clinical availability may vary.
Is one abnormal Spike in neurological tissue result diagnostic of PACVS?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of PACVS. Spike in neurological tissue findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-30 · Page generated from pacvs.json · Browse: PACVS atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.