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Spike in cutaneous lesions in PACVS

In PACVS (PACVS, PCVS), published studies report higher levels of Spike in cutaneous lesions, also described as Tissue spike expression, than in Normal skin. Symptom domains tied to this marker in the source include dermatological vaccine reactions. The evidence summarised here comes from Sano et al. 2025 and reflects averages across cohorts rather than any single patient's result.

↑ ElevatedSpike Antigen

Summary

Direction in PACVS↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group
CategorySpike Antigen
Also described asTissue spike expression
Compared againstNormal skin
Associated symptomsDermatological vaccine reactions
Test typeClinical or physiological test
SourceSano et al. 2025 — doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2025.09.007
Condition atlasPACVS Biomarker Atlas

Related Spike Antigen markers in PACVS

Full list: PACVS Biomarker Atlas.

Frequently asked questions

Is Spike in cutaneous lesions high or low in PACVS?

Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher Spike in cutaneous lesions in PACVS than in Normal skin. Source: Sano et al. 2025.

What symptoms is Spike in cutaneous lesions associated with in PACVS?

The cited literature associates this marker with Dermatological vaccine reactions. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.

Which test measures Spike in cutaneous lesions?

It is measured as a clinical or physiological test. Many of the cited studies used research-grade assays, so clinical availability may vary.

Is one abnormal Spike in cutaneous lesions result diagnostic of PACVS?

No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of PACVS. Spike in cutaneous lesions findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.

Cite this page

Open Source Medicine Foundation. (2026). Spike in cutaneous lesions in PACVS: direction, evidence and what it means. OSMF Research Tracker. Retrieved October 7, 2026, from https://research.opensourcemed.info/biomarkers/pacvs/spike-in-cutaneous-lesions.html
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-30 · Page generated from pacvs.json · Browse: PACVS atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages

Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.