Summary
| Direction in ME/CFS | ↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Autoimmune |
| Also described as | Anti-β2AR |
| Compared against | HC (healthy controls) |
| Associated symptoms | Dysautonomia, POTS |
| Test type | Blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood) |
| Source | Maksoud et al. 2023 — doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02893-9 |
| Condition atlas | ME/CFS Biomarker Atlas |
Other conditions where β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies is reported
- β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies in Gulf War Illness — ↑ elevated vs HGV
See the cross-condition hub: β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies across conditions.
Related Autoimmune markers in ME/CFS
Full list: ME/CFS Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies high or low in ME/CFS?
Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies in ME/CFS than in healthy controls. Source: Maksoud et al. 2023.
What symptoms is β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies associated with in ME/CFS?
The cited literature associates this marker with Dysautonomia, POTS. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies?
It is measured as a blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood). Many of the cited studies used research-grade assays, so clinical availability may vary.
Is one abnormal β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies result diagnostic of ME/CFS?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of ME/CFS. β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
Is β2-adrenergic receptor autoantibodies specific to ME/CFS?
No. The same marker is also reported in Gulf War Illness in this atlas, so it reflects shared biology (for example inflammation or vascular stress) rather than a condition-specific signature.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-29 · Page generated from me-cfs.json · Browse: ME/CFS atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.