Summary
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is tracked by OSMF as an investigational option for Long COVID; no regulator has approved it for this indication, and most post-viral conditions have no approved disease-modifying therapy at all. ClinicalTrials.gov lists 1 registered trial linking Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Long COVID: 1 is currently recruiting. None of the registered studies carries a drug-development phase label, which is typical for behavioural, device and supplement protocols. It plans or enrolled 66 participants. Registered activity dates to 2025. The literature layer holds 23 publications for this pair: 23 PubMed search records. Publication years run from 2003 to 2026. Items here are search-derived or curated references rather than classified trial reports; treat them as leads to read, not as graded evidence.
Long COVID / PASC is tracked on the OSMF post-viral programme alongside ME/CFS, Long COVID, POTS and MCAS. Across the programme, 423 candidate agents are logged for Long COVID, most of them preliminary; this page isolates the record for one of them.
Evidence table
| Evidence tier | C · Preliminary |
|---|---|
| Evidence score | 31.0 (trials 3.0, literature 23.0, tier 5, approved bonus 0.0) |
| Registered trials | 1 total: 1 recruiting, 0 active / not yet recruiting, 0 completed, 0 other |
| Linked publications | 23 (23 PubMed search records) |
| Agent type | Other (Other / Unclassified) |
| Development stage (any indication) | Investigational |
| Mechanism / class | Not recorded |
| Data sources | OSMF therapeutic agent database, ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed |
How the evidence score is calculated
- Each registered trial scores by status (recruiting / active / enrolling 3, completed 2.5, not yet recruiting 2, unknown 1, terminated / withdrawn / suspended 0.5) plus a phase bonus (phase 3-4 +2, phase 2 +1, phase 1 +0.5). The trial component is capped at 30.
- Each literature item scores by design (Cochrane review 5, meta-analysis 4, systematic review 3, RCT 3, clinical trial publication 2, curated reference 1.5, other PubMed record 1). The literature component is capped at 30.
- The existing evidence tier adds 15 (A / Strong), 10 (B / Moderate), 5 (C / Preliminary) or 0 (D / Anecdotal).
- Agents approved for any indication (max clinical phase 4) add 5, because an approved agent has an established safety profile that lowers the barrier to repurposing trials.
- The score ranks what has been studied, not what works. It does not read effect sizes or directions of effect.
Registered clinical trials
| NCT ID | Title | Status | Phase | Enrolment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07278206 | Brain Stimulation in Long COVID Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc · 2025 | recruiting | Not applicable | 66 |
Published literature
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Chronic Pain and Major Depression: Shared Psychological and Neurobiological Mechanism.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026 · PMID 42036566
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Effect of Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation on Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Who Undergo Cardiac Surgery.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2026 · PMID 42033441
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Shared Mechanisms and Integrated Management of Post-Stroke Pain and Depression: A Comprehensive Review.Pain and therapy · 2026 · PMID 41247667
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Exploration of NMDA and GABA receptor-mediated plasticity induced by 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026 · PMID 42310013
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Network dysregulation in depression: A synthesis of HPA Axis, BDNF signaling, and neurotransmitter interactions across multidimensional systems.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2026 · PMID 42191032
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Adjunctive D-cycloserine to intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation in fibromyalgia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026 · PMID 42162266
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Overall and Sex-Based Risk Factors for Hyperprolactinemia in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2026 · PMID 41572773
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) HF-rTMS improves swallowing function in rats with poststroke dysphagia by increasing nucleus tractus solitarius excitability through the NMDAR1-Npas4-Nav1.1 pathway.Experimental neurology · 2026 · PMID 41448525
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses glia-associated neuroinflammation and promotes peripheral nerve recovery in neuropathic pain.Frontiers in immunology · 2026 · PMID 42183193
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Effect of perioperative repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on postoperative cognitive function and peripheral inflammation in elderly total knee arthroplasty patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2025 · PMID 41094601
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Feasibility of rTMS combined with dexmedetomidine in chronic insomnia disorder.Scientific reports · 2025 · PMID 41022940
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Microglial Polarization and Therapeutic Strategies in Post-stroke Neuroinflammation.Neurology and therapy · 2025 · PMID 40971139
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alleviates neuropathic pain via microglial polarization by modulating the METTL3/NMDAR2B/NLRP3 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025 · PMID 41668762
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Role of astrocyte in neuroinflammation-induced loss in neuroplasticity and subsequent onset of depression: A systematic review.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2025 · PMID 41394305
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Sertraline on Cognitive Level, Inflammatory Response and Neurological Function in Depressive Disorder Patients with Non-suicidal Self-injury Behavior.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024 · PMID 38454900
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves depressive-like behaviors in CUMS-induced rats by modulating astrocyte GLT-1 to reduce glutamate toxicity.Journal of affective disorders · 2024 · PMID 38159655
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and fluoxetine attenuate astroglial activation and benefit behaviours in a chronic unpredictable mild stress mouse model of depression.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2024 · PMID 37942712
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) The effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation training on post-stroke cognitive impairment.European review for medical and pharmacological sciences · 2023 · PMID 37975378
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates MPTP-Induced Alterations in Motor Function and Dopaminergic Neurons in Male Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023 · PMID 37373475
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Evaluation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Efficiency in Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2019 · PMID 31550877
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Effect of Deep Intramuscular Stimulation and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2016 · PMID 26408420
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Changes of blood lactate levels after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Neuroscience letters · 2009 · PMID 19084051
- PubMed record (biomarker-intervention search) Safety aspects of chronic low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation based on localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and histology of the rat brain.Journal of psychiatric research · 2003 · PMID 12765850
Mechanism and notes
No mechanism of action is recorded for this pair in the source databases.
Clinical notes: Investigational for listed conditions. 1 associated trial(s) and 0 study reference(s) in current data. Review primary sources and consult specialists before use.
Safety: Limited specific safety data in these populations. Review full prescribing information and consult specialist. Many agents used off-label or investigational.
Dosing in studies: See linked studies/trials for reported doses and durations; typical protocols vary widely.
Frequently asked questions
Is Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation approved for Long COVID?
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is tracked by OSMF as an investigational option for Long COVID; no regulator has approved it for this indication, and most post-viral conditions have no approved disease-modifying therapy at all. Approval status for the specific indication should always be confirmed with the relevant regulator and prescribing information.
Is Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in clinical trials for Long COVID?
ClinicalTrials.gov lists 1 registered trial linking Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Long COVID: 1 is currently recruiting. None of the registered studies carries a drug-development phase label, which is typical for behavioural, device and supplement protocols. It plans or enrolled 66 participants. Registered activity dates to 2025.
What does the evidence show for Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Long COVID?
Trials of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Long COVID are registered but none has completed, so there is no outcome evidence from those studies yet; the record is a signal of research interest. OSMF's existing evidence tier for this pair is C (Preliminary), taken from the OSMF therapeutic agent database, which grades agents by the volume and design of condition-specific evidence rather than by effect size.
Cite this page
Data: ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Open Targets, ChEMBL, DGIdb and the OSMF therapeutic agent database. Last updated 2026-10-07. Page built 2026-10-07.