Prostate Cancer — RepurpOS | OpenSourceMedicine

Disease overview

Alterations

105

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

762

Via biomarker

463

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

1217

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, Examine.com, PubMed NP Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-06

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Low-grade (Gleason 6/Grade Group 1): active surveillance appropriate in 40-50% — many will never need treatment; high-grade: lethal without treatment within 5-10 years

Best-intervention remission

Localised: surgery (radical prostatectomy) or radiotherapy — 90-95% disease-specific survival at 10 years; mCSPC: darolutamide + docetaxel + ADT (ARASENS): 32% OS improvement; enzalutamide/abiraterone + ADT as standard 2019-2021; PARP inhibitors for BRCA-mutant: olaparib — 34% OS benefit (PROfound)

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large — active surveillance underused in low-risk disease (overtreatment); ADT monotherapy still used where combination therapy is standard

Primary barrier

practice

Barrier detail: Active surveillance in low-risk PCa is guideline-endorsed but only 50-60% of eligible patients are managed this way (radical treatment used unnecessarily with significant sexual/urinary side effects); intensified ADT combinations are standard of care for mHSPC but ADT monotherapy still prescribed

Last SoC change: 2022-2023 — darolutamide + ADT + docetaxel triplet; PARP inhibitors for HRR-mutant mCRPC; 2021 lutetium-177-PSMA-617 FDA approved; 2019 first-line enzalutamide/abiraterone for mHSPC; PSA testing debate ongoing

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0008315 · ORPHA: ORPHA:1331

Right to Try Relevance Critical

Eligibility: This disease meets the federal and state right-to-try legal standard (21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-0a and Montana SB 535): it lacks disease-modifying therapy with indication-specific FDA approval. Patients with Prostate Cancer may be eligible to access investigational therapies outside of clinical trials under right-to-try frameworks.

Investigational Agents

Phase 3: 40

Most Advanced Phase

Phase 3

Highest dev. stage

Gene Targets

105

Actionable

Pipeline Compounds (Top 6)

Abemaciclib, Acetaminophen, Aflibercept, Aglatimagene Besadenovec, Amonafide, Aspirin

Legal Standard: Right-to-try requires the disease lacks "adequate approved therapy for that specific disease" (not symptom-management drugs). This distinction means a disease with antidepressants available still qualifies if no FDA approval exists for THAT disease indication.

View Right-to-Try Compendium

Alterations

Showing 80 of 105 · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Prostate cancer	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
ACP3 acid phosphatase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKT1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKT2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANO7 anoctamin 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APC APC regulator of Wnt signaling pathway	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AR androgen receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATM ATM serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCL2 BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA1 BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA2 BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
C11orf65 chromosome 11 open reading frame 65	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCND1 cyclin D1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDH1 cadherin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK12 cyclin dependent kinase 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK6 cyclin dependent kinase 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDKN1B cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHEK2 checkpoint kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTNNB1 catenin beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP17A1 cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EHBP1 EH domain binding protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ELAC2 elaC ribonuclease Z 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB2 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERG ETS transcription factor ERG	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETV1 ETS variant transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETV4 ETS variant transcription factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FBXO11 F-box protein 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FDPS farnesyl diphosphate synthase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOLH1 folate hydrolase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXA1 forkhead box A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXP1 forkhead box P1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GATA2 GATA binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNRHR gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HOXB13 homeobox B13	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGF1R insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAK1 Janus kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KDM6A lysine demethylase 6A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLF6 KLF transcription factor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLK3 kallikrein related peptidase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2D lysine methyltransferase 2D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRP1B LDL receptor related protein 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAP3K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MDM4 MDM4 regulator of p53	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MECOM MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MET MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MSH6 mutS homolog 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MSMB microseminoprotein beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MXI1 MAX interactor 1, dimerization protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MYC MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Median Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
NBN nibrin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NOTCH2 notch receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OTX1 orthodenticle homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Overall survival	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
PALB2 partner and localizer of BRCA2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PARP1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PARP2 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POLK DNA polymerase kappa	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POU5F1B POU class 5 homeobox 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPP1R14A protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Perioperative surgical outcomes	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Progression-free survival	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
RASSF6 Ras association domain family member 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RB1 RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RNASEL ribonuclease L	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RNF43 ring finger protein 43	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RSPO2 R-spondin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC22A3 solute carrier family 22 member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPOP speckle type BTB/POZ protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SRC SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SRD5A1 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SRD5A2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SRD5A3 steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets

FDA-Approved Therapies

Phase 4 agents with regulatory approval for this indication

Drug Name	Mechanism	Type
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE		Gene-targeted
4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID		Gene-targeted
ABEMACICLIB	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ABIRATERONE ACETATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACETAMINOPHEN		Gene-targeted
ACETAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
ACETOPHENAZINE		Gene-targeted
AFATINIB		Gene-targeted
ALCLOFENAC		Gene-targeted
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
AMCINONIDE		Gene-targeted
AMDINOCILLIN		Gene-targeted
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
AMLEXANOX		Gene-targeted
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE		Gene-targeted
AMPHETAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS		Gene-targeted
APALUTAMIDE	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
APIGENIN		Gene-targeted
APOMORPHINE		Gene-targeted
APREMILAST		Gene-targeted
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE		Gene-targeted
ASTEMIZOLE		Gene-targeted
ATALUREN		Gene-targeted
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE		Gene-targeted
ATROPINE		Gene-targeted
AVELUMAB		Gene-targeted
AZACITIDINE		Gene-targeted
AZARIBINE		Gene-targeted
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
BENDAMUSTINE		Gene-targeted
BENORILATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE		Gene-targeted
BICALUTAMIDE	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BICALUTAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
BIFONAZOLE		Gene-targeted

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	5 trials 3 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 48 Trial pubs 24 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00316927 — Dexamethasone, Aspirin, and Diethylstilbestrol in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02217566 — Study of Abiraterone Acetate in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC), Chemo-Naive, Who Received a Prior Diethylstilbestrol Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00136526 — Docetaxel and Diethylstilbestrol in the Treatment of Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04268628 — A Study of Pharmacodynamic and Genetic Parameters of Abira-DES Study Participants (NCT02217566) - Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Abiraterone Acetate Following Unresponsive Treatment With Diethylstilbestrol (COMPLETED) NCT00699751 — A Phase III Study of Radium-223 Dichloride in Patients With Symptomatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer With Skeletal Metastases (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Disseminated intravascular coagulation and PC-SPES: a case report and literature review (The Canadian journal of urology, 2001) Cochrane review Relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methods of androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (Evidence report/technology assessment (Summary), 1999) Cochrane review Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Annals of internal medicine, 2000) Clinical trial publication Diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer (BJU international, 2012) Clinical trial publication A multi-centre randomised phase III trial of Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer: immediate vs deferred Diethylstilbestrol (British journal of cancer, 2011) Clinical trial publication The mechanism of action of estrogen in castration-resistant prostate cancer: clues from hormone levels (Clinical genitourinary cancer, 2009) Clinical trial publication A phase II study investigating the re-induction of endocrine sensitivity following chemotherapy in androgen-independent prostate cancer (British journal of cancer, 2008) Clinical trial publication Diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel: a Phase II study of tubulin active agents in patients with metastatic, androgen-independent prostate cancer (Cancer, 2007) Randomized controlled trial Phase II study of low dose and high dose conjugated estrogen for androgen independent prostate cancer (The Journal of urology, 2007) Randomized controlled trial Prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, and diethylstilbestrol in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2004) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 10 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 178 Trial pubs 135 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00943956 — Everolimus, Bicalutamide, and Leuprolide Acetate in Treating Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy For High-Risk Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00026377 — SU5416 Plus Hormone Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04563936 — Efficacy and Safety of LY01005 in Patients With Prostate Cancer Compared to ZOLADEX® (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02376296 — Observational Study of Docetaxel Exposure in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) NCT02678520 — Clinical Trial Comparing 3-D RT vs. IMRT in Post- Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00349557 — Bevacizumab With Hormonal and Radiotherapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02454543 — Impact of Radical Prostatectomy as Primary Treatment in Patients With Prostate Cancer With Limited Bone Metastases (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT03971110 — A Study of Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy in Patient With Advanced Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. (TERMINATED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Oral chemotherapeutic agents in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Prostate international, 2023) Cochrane review The efficacy and adverse events of conventional and second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review Synergistic effects of natural products in combination with anticancer agents in prostate cancer: A scoping review (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022) Cochrane review Evaluation of Fall and Fracture Risk Among Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (JAMA network open, 2020) Cochrane review Systemic Management for Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (American journal of clinical oncology, 2020) Systematic review Cognition and depression effects of androgen receptor axis-targeted drugs in men with prostate cancer: A systematic review (Journal of geriatric oncology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Phase II Randomized Study of MK-2206 and Bicalutamide in Prostate Cancer Patients With Rising PSA After Primary Therapy (ECOG-ACRIN E2809) (The Prostate, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Results of NRG/RTOG 9601, a Randomized Trial of Radiation With or Without Antiandrogens in Patients Receiving Salvage Prostate Bed Radiation Therapy Postprostatectomy (International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2025) Clinical trial publication Prognostic Impact of Lymph Node Yield in a Phase III Clinical Trial (NRG/RTOG 9601) of Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Salvage Radiation Following Prostatectomy (The Prostate, 2025) Clinical trial publication Patient-reported outcomes of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (CHART): a randomized, phase 3 study (Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024) Clinical trial publication Correlation of Body Mass Index with Overall Survival Among Patients with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Patient-level Data from SWOG-1216 (European urology oncology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 trials 1 Meta-analysis 25 Trial pubs 10 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00096304 — Epirubicin and Docetaxel in Treating Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00218205 — A Study of Epirubicin With Estramustine Phosphate and Celecoxib for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Chemotherapy with or without estramustine for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2016) Clinical trial publication Rechallenge of docetaxel combined with epirubicin given on a weekly schedule in advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer patients previously exposed to docetaxel and abiraterone acetate: a single-institution experience (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2015) Clinical trial publication Docetaxel and epirubicin compared with docetaxel and prednisone in advanced castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised phase II study (British journal of cancer, 2011) Clinical trial publication Survival after cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with advanced hormone-resistant prostate cancer: a phase II study (Oncology reports, 2009) Clinical trial publication Comparison of three different chemotherapy regimens containing epirubicin in hormone-refractory prostate cancer patients (TheScientificWorldJournal, 2008) Clinical trial publication Weekly docetaxel and epirubicin in treatment of advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer (Urology, 2007) Randomized controlled trial Palliation of bone pain in prostate cancer using chemotherapy and strontium-89. A randomized phase II study (Journal of pain and symptom management, 2005) Randomized controlled trial A randomized study comparing epirubicin in a 4-weekly versus a weekly intravenous regimen in patients with metastatic, hormone resistant, prostatic carcinoma: effects on health related quality of life (World journal of urology, 2003) Randomized controlled trial Quality of life assessment in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer treated with epirubicin or with epirubicin plus medroxy progesterone acetate - is it feasible? (European urology, 2000) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	4 trials 2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05597878 — Opioid-Free Pain Control Regimen Following Robotic Radical Prostatectomy (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02935205 — Enzalutamide and Indomethacin in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07607990 — Effects of Rectal Indomethacin Suppository on Postoperative CRBD in Patients Undergoing LRP (RECRUITING) NA NCT02849990 — A Phase II Neoadjuvant Study of Apalutamide, Abiraterone Acetate, Prednisone, Degarelix and Indomethacin in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Pre-prostatectomy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Prospective comparison among three intrarectal anesthetic treatments combined with periprostatic nerve block during transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy (World journal of urology, 2018) Clinical trial publication Phase I trial of PC-Spes2 in advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer (Oncology reports, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02796898 — Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SM88 in Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06836648 — Single Patient Compassionate Use of X-PACT in Salvage Treatment of Prostate Cancer (AVAILABLE) Published literature Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of SM-88, a cancer metabolism based therapy, in non-metastatic biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02796898 — Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SM88 in Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Effect of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibitors on the Metastatic Behavior of Prostate Cancer Cells: A Meta-Analysis (Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, 2023) Systematic review Drugs Causing Bone Loss (Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 2020) Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of SM-88, a cancer metabolism based therapy, in non-metastatic biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00943956 — Everolimus, Bicalutamide, and Leuprolide Acetate in Treating Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy For High-Risk Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00012142 — CCI-779 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02125084 — Enzalutamide Plus Everolimus in Men With Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00085566 — Everolimus and Gefitinib in Treating Patients With Progressive Glioblastoma Multiforme or Progressive Metastatic Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00887640 — Impact of Temsirolimus Therapy on Circulating Tumor Cell Biology In Men With Castration Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00512668 — Hormone Therapy and Temsirolimus in Treating Patients With Relapsed Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT02091531 — Dual mTOR Inhibitor MLN0128 in Advanced Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Sirolimus effects on cancer incidence after kidney transplantation: a meta-analysis (Cancer medicine, 2015) Clinical trial publication Phase I Study of Docetaxel and Temsirolimus in Refractory Solid Tumors (American journal of clinical oncology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of SM-88, a cancer metabolism based therapy, in non-metastatic biochemical recurrent prostate cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2021) Clinical trial publication Everolimus combined with gefitinib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Phase 1/2 results and signaling pathway implications (Cancer, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAMINOPHEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APIGENIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APREMILAST Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BINIMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOLATE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ABEMACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFLIBERCEPT	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AGLATIMAGENE BESADENOVEC	Gene therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMONAFIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATEZOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSERELIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABOZANTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCITRIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPIVASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLODRONIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CUSTIRSEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYPROTERONE ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALTEPARIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENOSUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEUTENZALUTAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	5 trials 3 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 48 Trial pubs 24 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00316927 — Dexamethasone, Aspirin, and Diethylstilbestrol in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02217566 — Study of Abiraterone Acetate in Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC), Chemo-Naive, Who Received a Prior Diethylstilbestrol Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00136526 — Docetaxel and Diethylstilbestrol in the Treatment of Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04268628 — A Study of Pharmacodynamic and Genetic Parameters of Abira-DES Study Participants (NCT02217566) - Participants With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Abiraterone Acetate Following Unresponsive Treatment With Diethylstilbestrol (COMPLETED) NCT00699751 — A Phase III Study of Radium-223 Dichloride in Patients With Symptomatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer With Skeletal Metastases (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Disseminated intravascular coagulation and PC-SPES: a case report and literature review (The Canadian journal of urology, 2001) Cochrane review Relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methods of androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (Evidence report/technology assessment (Summary), 1999) Cochrane review Single-therapy androgen suppression in men with advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Annals of internal medicine, 2000) Clinical trial publication Diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer (BJU international, 2012) Clinical trial publication A multi-centre randomised phase III trial of Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone and diethylstilbestrol in castration-resistant prostate cancer: immediate vs deferred Diethylstilbestrol (British journal of cancer, 2011) Clinical trial publication The mechanism of action of estrogen in castration-resistant prostate cancer: clues from hormone levels (Clinical genitourinary cancer, 2009) Clinical trial publication A phase II study investigating the re-induction of endocrine sensitivity following chemotherapy in androgen-independent prostate cancer (British journal of cancer, 2008) Clinical trial publication Diethylstilbestrol and docetaxel: a Phase II study of tubulin active agents in patients with metastatic, androgen-independent prostate cancer (Cancer, 2007) Randomized controlled trial Phase II study of low dose and high dose conjugated estrogen for androgen independent prostate cancer (The Journal of urology, 2007) Randomized controlled trial Prospective, multicenter, randomized phase II trial of the herbal supplement, PC-SPES, and diethylstilbestrol in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2004) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUTASTERIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOETIN BETA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRAMUSTINE PHOSPHATE SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETOPOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENTANYL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUZOPARIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALETERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALGENPROSTUCEL-L	Cell therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
4-PHENYLBUTYRIC ACID Repurposing via BCL2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAMINOPHEN Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ACP3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ACP3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APIGENIN Repurposing via BRCA1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APREMILAST Repurposing via CDK6	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via CDH1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ACP3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials 10 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 178 Trial pubs 135 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00943956 — Everolimus, Bicalutamide, and Leuprolide Acetate in Treating Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy For High-Risk Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00026377 — SU5416 Plus Hormone Therapy and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04563936 — Efficacy and Safety of LY01005 in Patients With Prostate Cancer Compared to ZOLADEX® (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02376296 — Observational Study of Docetaxel Exposure in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) NCT02678520 — Clinical Trial Comparing 3-D RT vs. IMRT in Post- Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00349557 — Bevacizumab With Hormonal and Radiotherapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02454543 — Impact of Radical Prostatectomy as Primary Treatment in Patients With Prostate Cancer With Limited Bone Metastases (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT03971110 — A Study of Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy in Patient With Advanced Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy. (TERMINATED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Oral chemotherapeutic agents in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Prostate international, 2023) Cochrane review The efficacy and adverse events of conventional and second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors for castration-resistant prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Cochrane review Synergistic effects of natural products in combination with anticancer agents in prostate cancer: A scoping review (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022) Cochrane review Evaluation of Fall and Fracture Risk Among Men With Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (JAMA network open, 2020) Cochrane review Systemic Management for Nonmetastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (American journal of clinical oncology, 2020) Systematic review Cognition and depression effects of androgen receptor axis-targeted drugs in men with prostate cancer: A systematic review (Journal of geriatric oncology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Phase II Randomized Study of MK-2206 and Bicalutamide in Prostate Cancer Patients With Rising PSA After Primary Therapy (ECOG-ACRIN E2809) (The Prostate, 2026) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Results of NRG/RTOG 9601, a Randomized Trial of Radiation With or Without Antiandrogens in Patients Receiving Salvage Prostate Bed Radiation Therapy Postprostatectomy (International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2025) Clinical trial publication Prognostic Impact of Lymph Node Yield in a Phase III Clinical Trial (NRG/RTOG 9601) of Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Salvage Radiation Following Prostatectomy (The Prostate, 2025) Clinical trial publication Patient-reported outcomes of rezvilutamide versus bicalutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy in high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients (CHART): a randomized, phase 3 study (Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024) Clinical trial publication Correlation of Body Mass Index with Overall Survival Among Patients with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: Analysis of Patient-level Data from SWOG-1216 (European urology oncology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—

Natural Products

81 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Vitamin E Natural product Systematic review The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer an… Systematic review [Chemoprevention for Prostate Cancer-The Potential of Angiotensin Ⅱ Rec… Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and ot…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	20	8 trials 7 Cochrane 48 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00006392 — S0000 Selenium and Vitamin E in Preventing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00003367 — Diet and PSA Levels in Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00895115 — Vitamin E Supplements in Preventing Cancer in Patients at Risk of Prostate Cancer or Who Have Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03878524 — Serial Measurements of Molecular and Architectural Responses to Therapy (SMMART) PRIME Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00798876 — Low-Fat Fish Oil Diet for Prostate Cancer Prevention (COMPLETED) NA NCT00744549 — Study of Antioxidants on MRI Detectable Early Stage Prostate Cancer Among Men on Active Surveillance (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07668284 — COQ10 and Vitamin E for Off-Target Radiation Toxicity (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03830164 — Pentoxifylline, Atorvastatin, and Vitamin E in Treating Patients With Erectile Dysfunction After Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Systematic review The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Systematic review [Chemoprevention for Prostate Cancer-The Potential of Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Blocker] (Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 2021) Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project (Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Systematic review The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer an… Systematic review [Chemoprevention for Prostate Cancer-The Potential of Angiotensin Ⅱ Rec… Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and ot…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	8 trials 7 Cochrane 48 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00006392 — S0000 Selenium and Vitamin E in Preventing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00003367 — Diet and PSA Levels in Patients With Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00895115 — Vitamin E Supplements in Preventing Cancer in Patients at Risk of Prostate Cancer or Who Have Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03878524 — Serial Measurements of Molecular and Architectural Responses to Therapy (SMMART) PRIME Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT00798876 — Low-Fat Fish Oil Diet for Prostate Cancer Prevention (COMPLETED) NA NCT00744549 — Study of Antioxidants on MRI Detectable Early Stage Prostate Cancer Among Men on Active Surveillance (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07668284 — COQ10 and Vitamin E for Off-Target Radiation Toxicity (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03830164 — Pentoxifylline, Atorvastatin, and Vitamin E in Treating Patients With Erectile Dysfunction After Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Systematic review The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Systematic review [Chemoprevention for Prostate Cancer-The Potential of Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Blocker] (Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 2021) Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project (Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Flavonoids Natural product Cochrane review The effect of flavonoid and subclasses supplementation on prostate spec… Cochrane review Dietary Flavonoids Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review Human Study Flavonols and catechins have proved to be the most promising molecules…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	19	8 trials 2 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT00354432 — Soy Protein/Effexor Hormone Therapy for Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00499408 — Vitamin D and Soy Supplements in Treating Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01126879 — Genistein in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00245518 — Effect of Soy on Cognition and Hot Flashes in Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Testosterone Suppression Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06615752 — Green Tea and Quercetin in Combination With Docetaxel Chemotherapy in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02766478 — Genistein Supplementation to Mitigate Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00058266 — Genistein in Treating Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Who Are Planning to Undergo Radical Prostatectomy (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00596895 — Isoflavone in Prostate-specific Antigen Recurrent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review The effect of flavonoid and subclasses supplementation on prostate specific antigen, hormonal parameters and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica, 2025) Cochrane review Dietary Flavonoids Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review (Molecular nutrition & food research, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanism… Systematic review The Association Between Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Curcumin and Urogeni… Systematic review Application and potential value of curcumin in prostate cancer: a meta-…	Food compound	Phase III	Moderate	17	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04731844 — Curcumin and Piperine in Patients on Surveillance for Monoclonal Gammopathy, Smoldering Myeloma or Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01917890 — Radiosensitizing and Radioprotectve Effects of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT03211104 — Comparison of Duration of Treatment Interruption With or Without Curcumin During the Off Treatment Periods in Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT03493997 — Multicentre International STudy for the Prevention With Ialuril® of Radio-induced Cystitis (MISTIC) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04403568 — Testing the Synergism of Phytonutrients, Curcumin and Ursolic Acid, to Target Molecular Pathways in the Prostate (WITHDRAWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT02724618 — Nanocurcumin for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy (RT) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT06044025 — A Feasibility Study Evaluating a Role for Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Biochemically Progressive Castration Sensitive Prostate Cancer on Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT03769766 — Trial of Curcumin to Prevent Progression of Low-risk Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanisms and nanoformulated therapeutic strategies (BMC cancer, 2025) Systematic review The Association Between Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Curcumin and Urogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review (BioMed research international, 2024) Systematic review Application and potential value of curcumin in prostate cancer: a meta-analysis based on animal models (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024) Systematic review Effects of curcumin and ursolic acid in prostate cancer: A systematic review (Urologia, 2024) Systematic review Curcumin for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanism… Systematic review The Association Between Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Curcumin and Urogeni… Systematic review Application and potential value of curcumin in prostate cancer: a meta-…	Food compound	Phase III	Emerging	16	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04731844 — Curcumin and Piperine in Patients on Surveillance for Monoclonal Gammopathy, Smoldering Myeloma or Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01917890 — Radiosensitizing and Radioprotectve Effects of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT03211104 — Comparison of Duration of Treatment Interruption With or Without Curcumin During the Off Treatment Periods in Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT03493997 — Multicentre International STudy for the Prevention With Ialuril® of Radio-induced Cystitis (MISTIC) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04403568 — Testing the Synergism of Phytonutrients, Curcumin and Ursolic Acid, to Target Molecular Pathways in the Prostate (WITHDRAWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT02724618 — Nanocurcumin for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy (RT) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT06044025 — A Feasibility Study Evaluating a Role for Maintenance Therapy in Patients With Biochemically Progressive Castration Sensitive Prostate Cancer on Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT03769766 — Trial of Curcumin to Prevent Progression of Low-risk Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanisms and nanoformulated therapeutic strategies (BMC cancer, 2025) Systematic review The Association Between Anti-Neoplastic Effects of Curcumin and Urogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review (BioMed research international, 2024) Systematic review Application and potential value of curcumin in prostate cancer: a meta-analysis based on animal models (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024) Systematic review Effects of curcumin and ursolic acid in prostate cancer: A systematic review (Urologia, 2024) Systematic review Curcumin for the Treatment of Prostate Diseases: A Systematic Review of Controlled Clinical Trials (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Punicalagins Natural product Pomegranate as a functional food and nutraceutical source Effects of pomegranate chemical constituents/intestinal microbial metab… Pomegranate extract induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Lycopene Natural product Cochrane review Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Prostate Cancer Patients Un… Cochrane review Increased dietary and circulating lycopene are associated with reduced… Cochrane review Chemoprevention of prostate cancer in men with high-grade prostatic int…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	10	8 trials 7 Cochrane 50 Trial pubs 35 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01949519 — Docetaxel and Lycopene in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00322114 — Lycopene in Preventing Prostate Cancer in Healthy Participants (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00042731 — Isoflavones & Lycopene in Localized Prostate Ca:Prior to Radical Prostatectomy (COMPLETED) NA NCT01692340 — Novel 13C Carotenoids for Absorption and Metabolism Studies in Humans (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00744549 — Study of Antioxidants on MRI Detectable Early Stage Prostate Cancer Among Men on Active Surveillance (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00450749 — Lycopene in Treating Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00450957 — Lycopene in Healthy Male Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00402285 — Lycopene or Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Supplements in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review (Nutrition and cancer, 2026) Cochrane review Increased dietary and circulating lycopene are associated with reduced prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2017) Cochrane review Chemoprevention of prostate cancer in men with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): a systematic review and adjusted indirect treatment comparison (Oncotarget, 2017) Cochrane review Phytochemicals as Adjunctive with Conventional Anticancer Therapies (Current pharmaceutical design, 2016) Cochrane review Phytotherapeutic interventions in the management of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: a systematic review of randomised trials (BJU international, 2016) Clinical trial publication Lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk in men at high cardiovascular risk: a prospective cohort study (BMC medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication A phase I study of docetaxel plus synthetic lycopene in metastatic prostate cancer patients (Clinical and translational medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication A phase II study of docetaxel plus lycopene in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021) Clinical trial publication Association of Serum Carotenoids and Retinoids with Intraprostatic Inflammation in Men without Prostate Cancer or Clinical Indication for Biopsy in the Placebo Arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (Nutrition and cancer, 2022) Clinical trial publication Phase II randomised control feasibility trial of a nutrition and physical activity intervention after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (BMJ open, 2019) Randomized controlled trial Effect of green tea and lycopene on the insulin-like growth factor system: the ProDiet randomized controlled trial (European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), 2019) Randomized controlled trial Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial (International journal of cancer, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Cochrane review Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Re… Cochrane review Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review Meta-analysis Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Upd…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	8 trials 2 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 9 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00996749 — Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Treating Patients With Advanced Prostate Cancer (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT02176902 — Low-Fat Diet and Fish Oil in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT00402285 — Lycopene or Omega-3 Fatty Acid Nutritional Supplements in Treating Patients With Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT00458549 — Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Prostate Biopsy and/or Surgery (TERMINATED) NA NCT00253643 — Fish Oil and Green Tea Extract in Preventing Prostate Cancer in Patients Who Are at Risk for Developing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT03753334 — Effects of EPA in Men With Biochemical Recurrence or Progression of Prostate Cancer. (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03824652 — WALNUTS for POWER: Polyphenols, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Weight Loss, and EneRgy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02333435 — Effects of EPA on Prostate Cancer Cells Proliferation and Quality of Life (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Consumption of Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2020) Cochrane review Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review (JAMA, 2006) Meta-analysis Association of the Omega-3 Index with Incident Prostate Cancer with Updated Meta-Analysis: The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (Nutrients, 2021) Meta-analysis Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (Journal of epidemiology, 2015) Meta-analysis Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and prostate cancer risk in the SELECT trial (Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2013) Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project (Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2017) Systematic review Fish-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review (Integrative cancer therapies, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta-analysis Nonsurgical Interventions to Prevent Disease Progression in Prostate Ca… Systematic review Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Re… Systematic review [Vitamin D3 in prevention of diseases in adults--a systematic review]	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 7 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00582582 — Study of Docetaxel With Doxercalciferol or Placebo for Advanced Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00004043 — Calcitriol in Treating Patients With a Rising PSA Level Following Treatment for Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03103152 — A Study to Examine the Effectiveness of Aspirin and/or Vitamin D3 to Prevent Prostate Cancer Progression (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00010231 — Calcitriol Plus Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer That Has Not Responded to Hormone Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00499408 — Vitamin D and Soy Supplements in Treating Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05045066 — Immunological Effects of Vitamin D Replacement Among Black/African American Prostate Cancer Patients (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00182741 — Calcitriol, Mitoxantrone, and Prednisone in Treating Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00887432 — Cholecalciferol Supplement in Treating Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Observation (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Nonsurgical Interventions to Prevent Disease Progression in Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (European urology oncology, 2024) Systematic review Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2018) Systematic review [Vitamin D3 in prevention of diseases in adults--a systematic review] (Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960), 2010) Clinical trial publication microRNAs and DICER1 are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in prostate stroma (The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2017) Clinical trial publication Differential expression and regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and inflammatory genes in prostate stroma and epithelium by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in men with prostate cancer and an in vitro model (The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2015) Clinical trial publication Null association between vitamin D and PSA levels among black men in a vitamin D supplementation trial (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Tumor suppressor microRNAs, miR-100 and -125b, are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in primary prostate cells and in patient tissue (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2013) Clinical trial publication Randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 doses on prostatic vitamin D metabolite levels and ki67 labeling in prostate cancer patients (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Cochrane review Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function… Cochrane review Systematic Review of Intravenous Ascorbate in Cancer Clinical Trials Cochrane review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24308073/	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	8 trials 4 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 10 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05501548 — Phase II Study of PARP Inhibitor Olaparib and IV Ascorbate in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02516670 — Docetaxel With or Without Ascorbic Acid in Treating Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00447473 — Trial of GM-CSF Given in Combination With Ketoconazole and Mitoxantrone in Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT06126731 — Combination Study of Antibiotics With Enzalutamide (PROMIZE) (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01080352 — Vitamin C as an Anti-cancer Drug (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04621500 — Vitamin D Supplementation in RNA-seq Profiles of Single-core Prostate Samples, Among Veterans (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01538316 — Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial With Quercetin and Genistein (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00270647 — Physicians' Health Study II (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018) Cochrane review Systematic Review of Intravenous Ascorbate in Cancer Clinical Trials (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2018) Cochrane review Cochrane review Efficacy of antioxidant vitamins and selenium supplement in prostate cancer prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition and cancer, 2010) Meta-analysis The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Meta-analysis Association between manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) Val-9Ala polymorphism and cancer risk - A meta-analysis (European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2009) Meta-analysis Antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin e for the prevention and treatment of cancer (Journal of general internal medicine, 2006) Clinical trial publication High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C Combined with Docetaxel in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial (Cancer research communications, 2024) Clinical trial publication Vitamin E and C supplementation and risk of cancer in men: posttrial follow-up in the Physicians' Health Study II randomized trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014) Clinical trial publication Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate and total cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial (JAMA, 2009) Clinical trial publication A 12 week, open label, phase I/IIa study using apatone for the treatment of prostate cancer patients who have failed standard therapy (International journal of medical sciences, 2008) Clinical trial publication Fruit, vegetable, vitamin A intakes, and prostate cancer risk (Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Garlic Natural product Randomized controlled trial Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue Human Study Allium vegetables are related to decreased risk of prostate cancer.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06682390 — Role of Race in Nutritional Approach in Men on ADT (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Randomized controlled trial Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue (Nutrients, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Cochrane review Folate and global health umbrella review series, part 2: syntheses on c… Cochrane review Association Between Folate and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of M… Cochrane review Folate intake, serum folate levels, and prostate cancer risk: a meta-an…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	8 trials 3 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05919264 — FOG-001 in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03878524 — Serial Measurements of Molecular and Architectural Responses to Therapy (SMMART) PRIME Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT06434909 — CYTALUX™for the Intraoperative Imaging of Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06536374 — Folate Study in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT01183663 — Lenalidomide in Combination With Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, Temsirolimus, or 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT07277270 — A Study of GSK5764227 in Combination With Standard of Care (SoC) or Other Agents in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT01538316 — Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial With Quercetin and Genistein (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00216099 — Pemetrexed as Second-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Folate and global health umbrella review series, part 2: syntheses on cancers (Journal of global health, 2026) Cochrane review Association Between Folate and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses (Frontiers in public health, 2020) Cochrane review Folate intake, serum folate levels, and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies (BMC public health, 2014) Meta-analysis Causal relationship between folic acid and prostate cancer risk: Insights from Mendelian randomization analysis (International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association, 2024) Meta-analysis A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1805087) in the methionine synthase (METH) gene increases the risk of prostate cancer (Aging, 2018) Meta-analysis The protective effect of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism against prostate cancer risk: Evidence from 23 case-control studies (Gene, 2015) Systematic review Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Metastatic Prostate Cancer Care (European urology, 2025) Systematic review Folate intake and the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2014) Systematic review Circulating folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, vitamin B12 transport proteins, and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study, systematic review, and meta-analysis (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2010) Clinical trial publication Feasibility of dietary folic acid reduction intervention for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2021) Clinical trial publication Platelets harbor prostate cancer biomarkers and the ability to predict therapeutic response to abiraterone in castration resistant patients (The Prostate, 2018) Clinical trial publication Serum levels of folate, lycopene, β-carotene, retinol and vitamin E and prostate cancer risk (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and ot… Clinical trial publication Use of low-dose tacrolimus and associated hypomagnesemia in the prevent… Clinical trial publication Effect of magnesium oxide on interfraction prostate motion and rectal f…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	6 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00002760 — Antiandrogen Withdrawal in Treating Patients With Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00617617 — The Specific Role of Isoflavones in Reducing Prostate Cancer Risk (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02833038 — Effect of Intravenous Magnesium During Robot Assisted Prostatectomy (COMPLETED) NA NCT01478308 — Metformin With Standard Taxotere and Prednisone in the Treatment of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00596011 — Study of Polyphenon E in Men With High-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00441337 — A Study of MDX-1106 in Patients With Selected Refractory or Relapsed Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Systematic review A systematic review on the role of vitamins, minerals, proteins, and other supplements for the treatment of cachexia in cancer: a European Palliative Care Research Centre cachexia project (Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2017) Clinical trial publication Use of low-dose tacrolimus and associated hypomagnesemia in the prevention of erectile dysfunction following prostatectomy for prostate cancer (Pharmacological reports : PR, 2016) Clinical trial publication Effect of magnesium oxide on interfraction prostate motion and rectal filling in prostate cancer radiotherapy: analysis of a randomized clinical trial (Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2014) Clinical trial publication A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with magnesium oxide to reduce intrafraction prostate motion for prostate cancer radiotherapy (International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Egcg Natural product Meta-analysis Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Cancer Prevention: A… Systematic review Green tea and green tea extract in oncological treatment: A systematic… Clinical trial publication Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue conce…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	7	6 trials 1 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00459407 — Defined Green Tea Catechins in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Surgery to Remove the Prostate (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04300855 — Clinical Trial of Green Tea Catechins in Men on Active Surveillance (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT01340599 — Defined Green Tea Catechin Extract in Treating Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Surgery (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00253643 — Fish Oil and Green Tea Extract in Preventing Prostate Cancer in Patients Who Are at Risk for Developing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT00596011 — Study of Polyphenon E in Men With High-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00676780 — Green Tea Extract and Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Green Tea and Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Cancer Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (The American journal of Chinese medicine, 2025) Systematic review Green tea and green tea extract in oncological treatment: A systematic review (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2023) Clinical trial publication Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue concentrations of green tea polyphenols and quercetin in men with prostate cancer (Food & function, 2020) Clinical trial publication ProDiet: A Phase II Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins and Lycopene in Men at Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018) Clinical trial publication Randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety of one-year administration of green tea catechins (Oncotarget, 2016) Clinical trial publication Effects of ω-3 Fatty Acids and Catechins on Fatty Acid Synthase in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Nutrition and cancer, 2016) Clinical trial publication Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins for Prostate Cancer Prevention (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Sulforaphane Natural product Systematic review Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management… Clinical trial publication Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue Clinical trial publication Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Men Presen…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	7	8 trials 7 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02055716 — Sulforadex in Healthy Human Males MAD (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01948362 — Sulforadex in Healthy Volunteers SAD (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01950143 — Effect of Sulforaphane on Prostate CAncer PrEvention (COMPLETED) NA NCT00946309 — Effects of Sulforaphane on Normal Prostate Tissue (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01228084 — Sulforaphane in Treating Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04046653 — Accumulation of Dietary Bioactives and Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT03665922 — Biomarkers of Sulforaphane/Broccoli Sprout Extract in Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT01265953 — Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer, HDAC Inhibition and DNA Methylation (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management of cancers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Accumulation of Sulforaphane and Alliin in Human Prostate Tissue (Nutrients, 2022) Clinical trial publication Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Men Presenting for Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Nutrition and cancer, 2020) Clinical trial publication Transcriptional changes in prostate of men on active surveillance after a 12-mo glucoraphanin-rich broccoli intervention-results from the Effect of Sulforaphane on prostate CAncer PrEvention (ESCAPE) randomized controlled trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2019) Clinical trial publication Effect of Sulforaphane in Men with Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015) Clinical trial publication A phase II study of sulforaphane-rich broccoli sprout extracts in men with recurrent prostate cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2015) Randomized controlled trial Broccoli consumption interacts with GSTM1 to perturb oncogenic signalling pathways in the prostate (PloS one, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Selenium Natural product Systematic review The Association Between Selenium Levels and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A… Systematic review Serum levels of trace elements in patients with prostate cancer: a syst… Clinical trial publication Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Preference-Weighted Quality of Life: Fin…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	7	8 trials 14 Cochrane 64 Trial pubs 57 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00006392 — S0000 Selenium and Vitamin E in Preventing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00736164 — Selenomethionine in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery or Internal Radiation Therapy for Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT04296578 — Study Evaluating Sodium Selenite in Combination With Abiraterone in Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer Progressing on Abiraterone (WITHDRAWN) PHASE1 NCT02184533 — Sodium Selenite and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00217516 — Selenium in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Brachytherapy for Stage I or Stage II Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00744549 — Study of Antioxidants on MRI Detectable Early Stage Prostate Cancer Among Men on Active Surveillance (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00978718 — Selenium in Preventing Prostate Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00030901 — S9917, Selenium in Preventing Cancer in Patients With Neoplasia of the Prostate (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Systematic review The Association Between Selenium Levels and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 16,964 Participants (1980-2024) (Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2025) Systematic review Serum levels of trace elements in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2025) Clinical trial publication Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Preference-Weighted Quality of Life: Findings from the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (Population health management, 2025) Clinical trial publication Differential Biopsy Patterns Influence Associations between Multivitamin Use and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Effect of Dietary Methylseleninic Acid and Se-Methylselenocysteine on Carcinogen-Induced, Androgen-Promoted Prostate Carcinogenesis in Rats (Nutrition and cancer, 2022) Clinical trial publication Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Oral Sodium Selenite and Dosing Implications in the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Cancer (Drugs in R&D, 2021) Clinical trial publication Selenium Supplementation and Prostate Health in a New Zealand Cohort (Nutrients, 2019) Randomized controlled trial Association between selenium and lycopene supplementation and incidence of prostate cancer: Results from the post-hoc analysis of the procomb trial (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2017) Randomized controlled trial Association of Antioxidant Supplement Use and Dementia in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease by Vitamin E and Selenium Trial (PREADViSE) (JAMA neurology, 2017) Randomized controlled trial Circulating Antioxidant Levels and Risk of Prostate Cancer by TMPRSS2:ERG (The Prostate, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Melatonin Natural product Meta-analysis Association between night work and prostate cancer: a systematic review… Meta-analysis Meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci and yields systematic insights… Meta-analysis Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attend…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 Meta-analysis 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Association between night work and prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2024) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci and yields systematic insights into the biology of male-pattern baldness (Nature communications, 2017) Meta-analysis Cancer incidence among male military and civil pilots and flight attendants: an analysis on published data (Toxicology and industrial health, 2005) Systematic review Circadian disruption, sleep loss, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Targeting Side Effects Associated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy Using Melatonin: A Randomized Trial on Hot Flashes and Sexual Health in Prostate Cancer Patients (Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Quercetin Natural product Cochrane review Effects of botanical drugs in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue i… Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanism… Systematic review The pharmacological mechanism of Chinese herbs effective in treating ad…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	7	4 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03493997 — Multicentre International STudy for the Prevention With Ialuril® of Radio-induced Cystitis (MISTIC) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06615752 — Green Tea and Quercetin in Combination With Docetaxel Chemotherapy in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01912820 — Effect of Quercetin on Green Tea Polyphenol Uptake in Prostate Tissue From Patients With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Surgery (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01538316 — Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial With Quercetin and Genistein (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effects of botanical drugs in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue in patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis and prediction of potential pharmacological mechanisms (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022) Systematic review Curcumin in prostate cancer: a systematic review of molecular mechanisms and nanoformulated therapeutic strategies (BMC cancer, 2025) Systematic review The pharmacological mechanism of Chinese herbs effective in treating advanced ovarian cancer: Integrated meta-analysis and network pharmacology analysis (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Prospective randomized trial evaluating blood and prostate tissue concentrations of green tea polyphenols and quercetin in men with prostate cancer (Food & function, 2020) Clinical trial publication A phase I study of muscadine grape skin extract in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: Safety, tolerability, and dose determination (The Prostate, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ashwagandha Natural product Withania SILAC-based quantitative MS approach reveals Withaferin A regulated pro… Genomic Analysis Highlights the Role of the JAK-STAT Signaling in the A…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Resveratrol Natural product Cochrane review Phytochemicals as Adjunctive with Conventional Anticancer Therapies Clinical trial publication A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study of Combinati… Clinical trial publication A phase I study of muscadine grape skin extract in men with biochemical…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane 3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Phytochemicals as Adjunctive with Conventional Anticancer Therapies (Current pharmaceutical design, 2016) Clinical trial publication A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study of Combination Phytotherapy in Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer (The Prostate, 2017) Clinical trial publication A phase I study of muscadine grape skin extract in men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: Safety, tolerability, and dose determination (The Prostate, 2015) Clinical trial publication Resveratrol reduces the levels of circulating androgen precursors but has no effect on, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, PSA levels or prostate volume. A 4-month randomised trial in middle-aged men (The Prostate, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Grape Seed Extract Natural product Investigation on the mechanisms by which the herbal remedies induce ant… Differential effect of grape seed extract and its active constituent pr… In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Table Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in P…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		—
Silymarin Natural product Human Study A combination of soy, isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin and antoxidants… Human Study Silymarin and selenium are safe and effective in reducing two markers o…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		PubChem
Niacin Natural product Meta Analysis The present meta-analysis showed that intake of vitamin C from food was… Human Study Dietary intakes of alpha and delta tocopherol were inversely associated… Human Study High-dose vitamin D to attenuate bone loss in patients with prostate ca…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		PubChem
Licorice Natural product Licochalcone A-Inspired Chalcones: Synthesis and Their Antiproliferativ… Liquiritigenin inhibits the migration, invasion, and EMT of prostate ca… Synergistic Phytochemical and Pharmacological Actions of Hair Rise(TM)…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	—		—
Isoflavones Natural product Human Study A combination of soy, isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin and antoxidants… Human Study Genistein and daidzein consumption are associated with a lower risk of… Human Study Isoflavone-rich soy protein suppresses androgen receptor expression in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Genistein Natural product Human Study Genistein and daidzein consumption are associated with a lower risk of… Human Study Genistein has therapeutic value in reducing PSA levels in men with pros… Human Study Genistein may block metastasis and mortality in prostate cancer through…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Soy Natural product Human Study A combination of soy, isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin and antoxidants… Human Study Isoflavone-rich soy protein suppresses androgen receptor expression in… Human Study Soy isoflavones and curcumin suppress PSA levels in human subjects.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Tomato Natural product Human Study Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes may reduce the risk of prosta… Human Study Interventions with tomato-products alone or in combination with seleniu… Human Study Tomato sauce consumption may play a role in reducing TMPRSS2:ERG-positi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Broccoli Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can… Human Study A human clinical study demonstrates that diets rich in cruciferous vege… Human Study A polyphenol-rich whole food supplement significantly effected the rate…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Pomegranate Natural product Human Study A polyphenol-rich whole food supplement significantly effected the rate… Human Study Pomegranate juice prolongs PSA doubling time, inhibits cell proliferati… Human Study POMx treatment significantly increased the PSA doubling time by over 6…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Plumbagin Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cruciferous Vegetables Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The study revealed that consumption of cruciferous vegetables may be li… Meta Analysis Cruciferous vegetables intake is related to the decreased risk of prost… Human Study Cruciferous vegetable consumption was strongly associated with reduced…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Coffee Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and… Meta Analysis Coffee intake was associated with reduced risk of oral, pharynx, liver,… Meta Analysis These findings suggest that coffee consumption may be associated with a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Polyphenols Natural product Human Study A polyphenol-rich whole food supplement significantly effected the rate… Human Study Green tea induced changes in NFκB and systemic oxidation, and uptake of… Human Study Tea polyphenols (primarily EGCG), significantly reduce PSA, Hepatocyte…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Modified Citrus Pectin Natural product Human Study Modified Citrus Pectin increases the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) do… Human Study Modified citrus pectin treatment in non-metastatic biochemically relaps… Human Study Modified citrus pectin treatment in non-metastatic biochemically relaps…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Apigenin Natural product Human In Vitro Apigenin could be a useful compound to prevent proliferation and migrat…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Nexrutine (Phellodendrom) Natural product Human Study By the end of the neoadjuvant treatment, 81% of the patients had a decl…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fish Natural product Human Study A high intake of fish may decrease the risk of prostate cancer death. Human Study Fish consumption is associated with a 63% reduction in prostate cancer-… Human Study Fish consumption may improve prostate cancer survival rates.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fiber Natural product Human Study Dietary fiber intake might modulate the association between alcohol int… Human Study Evidence of an inhibitory effect of diet and exercise on prostate cance… Human Study Whole grain and bran from rye resulted in significantly lower plasma PS…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Flaxseed Natural product Human Study Flaxseed supplementation reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in… Human Study Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell… Human Study These pilot data suggest that a flaxseed-supplemented, fat-restricted d…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Carotenoids Natural product Human Study Lycopene and soy isoflavones have activity in prostate cancer patients… Human Study Tomato sauce supplementation reduces prostate cancer growth in men. Human Study Vegetables and fruits rich in lycopene and other carotenoids may be pro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Rye Natural product Human Study Rye bran bread consumption increases programmed cell death in prostate… Human Study Whole grain and bran from rye resulted in significantly lower plasma PS…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Natural product Human Study A western-style diet may lead to increased risks for prostate cancer, e…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Gc Protein-Derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) Natural product Human Study The clinical cases presented here reinforce the hypothesis that GcMAF c… Human Study After 14 to 25 weekly administrations of GcMAF all patients had very lo… Human Study Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Ellagic Acid Natural product Human Study Ellagic acid therapy reduces chemotherapy induced toxicity, e.g. neutro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Daidzein Natural product Human Study Genistein and daidzein consumption are associated with a lower risk of… Human Study Soy isoflavones may benefit some patients with prostate cancer.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Fruit: All Natural product Human Study Daily consumption of a powdered cranberry fruit lowered serum PSA in pa… Human Study Higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate c… Human Study Vegan diets may confer a lower risk of prostate cancer.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Vegetables: All Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The study revealed that consumption of cruciferous vegetables may be li… Meta Analysis Cruciferous vegetables intake is related to the decreased risk of prost… Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Bran Natural product Human Study Rye bran bread consumption increases programmed cell death in prostate… Human Study Whole grain and bran from rye resulted in significantly lower plasma PS…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Soy Protein Natural product Human Study A combination of soy, isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin and antoxidants… Human Study Isoflavone-rich soy protein suppresses androgen receptor expression in… Human Study Selenium and vitamin E supplementation have a normalizing effect on the…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) Natural product Human Study Tea polyphenols (primarily EGCG), significantly reduce PSA, Hepatocyte…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Walnut Natural product Human Study Walnut consumption may improve biomarkers of prostate status.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Homeopathic Medicine: All Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Gambogic Acid Natural product Thermal Proteome Profiling Strategy Identifies CNPY3 as a Cellular Targ… Mechanism of anticancer effect of gambogic acid on gastric signet ring… Development of ROS-responsive amino acid-based poly(ester amide) nanopa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Luteolin Natural product The pharmacological mechanism of Chinese herbs effective in treating ad… Effects of botanical drugs in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue i…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Sophora Flavescens Natural product Matrine inhibits the progression of prostate cancer by promoting expres… Matrine suppresses invasion of castration-resistant prostate cancer cel… Matrine inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of castratio…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Arctigenin Natural product Correction: Hao et al. Enhanced Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer by C… Enhanced Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer by Combining Arctigenin wit… Arctigenin Triggers Apoptosis and Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitio…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Sprouts Natural product A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study of Combinati…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Natural product Co-targeting EGFR and SUCLG2 disrupts a nuclear transcriptional program… Isothiocyanates induce autophagy and inhibit protein synthesis in prima… The efficacy of natural bioactive compounds against prostate cancer: Mo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Gallic Acid Natural product Harnessing the anti-inflammatory, skin-protective, and antioxidant pote… Evaluation of phenolic profile and multi-biological activities of Lepis… A Pharmacoinformatics and Molecular Dynamics Approach to the Phytochemi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Inositol Hexaphosphate Natural product Stage-Specific Effect of Inositol Hexaphosphate on Cancer Stem Cell Poo… Inositol hexaphosphate suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in HT-29… Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits tumor growth, vascularity, and metaboli…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Bok Choy Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cabbage Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Collards Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Kale Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Mustard Greens Natural product Meta Analysis Evidence exists indicating that Brassica vegetables reduce prostate can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Antioxidant Formulas Natural product Human Study A combination of soy, isoflavones, lycopene, silymarin and antoxidants… Human Study Curcumin improved total antioxidant capacity and lowered PSA scores.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Organosulfur Compounds Natural product Human Study Accumulation of sulforaphane and alliin in human prostate tissue.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Onion Natural product Human Study Allium vegetables are related to decreased risk of prostate cancer.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cranberry Natural product Human Study Daily consumption of a powdered cranberry fruit lowered serum PSA in pa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Iodine Natural product Human Study Enhanced activated T cell subsets in prostate cancer patients receiving…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Enterolactone Natural product Human Study Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lignans Natural product Human Study Flaxseed-derived enterolactone is inversely associated with tumor cell…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Black Tea Natural product Human Study Green tea induced changes in NFκB and systemic oxidation, and uptake of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Mushrooms: All Natural product Human Study Habitual mushroom intake might help to prevent prostate cancer.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Phytoestrogens Natural product Human Study Higher concentrations of circulating genistein may reduce the risk of p…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Medicinal Mushrooms Natural product Human Study Mushroom mycelium extract was an ineffective treatment for reducing 50%…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Bee Pollen Natural product Human Study Oral administration of pollen extract in association with vitamins coul…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) Natural product Meta Analysis The present meta-analysis showed that intake of vitamin C from food was… Human Study High-dose vitamin D to attenuate bone loss in patients with prostate ca… Human Study Higher vitamin E status increases overall prostate cancer survival.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Thiamine (B-1) Natural product Human Study Oral administration of pollen extract in association with vitamins coul…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.