Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) — RepurpOS

Disease overview

Alterations

130

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

103

Via biomarker

191

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

292

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP, ChEMBL NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Progressive disease; spontaneous improvement rare; limb ischaemia worsens in 25-30% over 5 years; major adverse limb events (MALE) in 10-15%/year in advanced PAD; major amputation in 5-10% at 5 years without revascularisation

Best-intervention remission

Supervised exercise therapy (SET): equivalent to endovascular revascularisation for claudication at 6-12 months (CLEVER trial); revascularisation: 70-80% 1-year limb salvage; SGLT2 inhibitors + GLP-1 agonists reduce MALE by 15-20% (AMPLITUDE-O, EMPA-REG); rivaroxaban + aspirin (COMPASS trial): 46% reduction in MALE

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Very large — supervised exercise therapy is first-line in guidelines but almost no patient is referred; PAD remains vastly underdiagnosed

Primary barrier

access/framing

Barrier detail: PAD is underdiagnosed (ABI testing rarely performed in primary care); supervised exercise therapy is guideline Class IA recommendation but reimbursed and accessible for <5% of PAD patients; cilostazol (PDE3 inhibitor) improves walking but is contraindicated in heart failure (common comorbidity); PAD mortality often exceeds coronary disease mortality in this population

Last SoC change: 2024 — rivaroxaban + aspirin (COMPASS) now guideline-recommended; 2023 SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists recognised for limb protection; 2022 VOYAGER-PAD (rivaroxaban post-revascularisation); supervised exercise therapy Class IA since 2016; cilostazol approved 1999

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005386 · ORPHA: ORPHA:209943

Right to Try Relevance

Eligibility: This disease meets the federal and state right-to-try legal standard (21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-0a and Montana SB 535): it lacks disease-modifying therapy with indication-specific FDA approval. Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease may be eligible to access investigational therapies outside of clinical trials under right-to-try frameworks.

Investigational Agents

109

Phase 3: 40, Phase 2: 52, Phase 1: 17

Most Advanced Phase

Phase 3

Highest dev. stage

Gene Targets

130

Actionable

Pipeline Compounds (Top 6)

Darapladib, Fenretinide, Actovegin, Ascorbic Acid, Aspirin, Beta Carotene

Legal Standard: Right-to-try requires the disease lacks "adequate approved therapy for that specific disease" (not symptom-management drugs). This distinction means a disease with antidepressants available still qualifies if no FDA approval exists for THAT disease indication.

View Right-to-Try Compendium

Alterations

130 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
ABO ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	Ensembl Open Targets
ADORA1 adenosine A1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADORA2A adenosine A2a receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADORA2B adenosine A2b receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADORA3 adenosine A3 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB1 adrenoceptor beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB2 adrenoceptor beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATG7 autophagy related 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Acute Procedural Success	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
BMAL1 basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDKN2B cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CELSR2 cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHRNA3 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 3 subunit	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COL4A1 collagen type IV alpha 1 chain	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COXFA4 cytochrome c oxidase associated subunit FA4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COXFA4L2 cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia associated subunit FA4L2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTAGE1 cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYSLTR1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Change in Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D - Anxiety/Depression	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D - Pain/Discomfort	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D - Self Care	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D - Usual Activities	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D- Mobility	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Functional Status - EQ5D- Own Health State	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Clinical success	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
DUSP13B dual specificity phosphatase 13B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EDNRA endothelin receptor type A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ELN elastin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
F10 coagulation factor X	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
F2R coagulation factor II thrombin receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
F5 coagulation factor V	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FKBP1A FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Freedom From Target Lesion Revascularization (TLR) at 6 Months	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Freedom From Target Lesion(s) Revascularization (TLR)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Freedom From Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GPD2 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HMBS hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ICER between different screening and management strategies of peripherial arterial disease and cardio-vascular risk factors.	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
L2HGDH L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LDLR low density lipoprotein receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPA lipoprotein(a)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPL lipoprotein lipase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRCH1 leucine rich repeats and calponin homology domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND1 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND2 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND3 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND4 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND4L mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4L	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND5 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MT-ND6 mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Maximal walking distance	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
NDUFA1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA10 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA11 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA12 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA13 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFA9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAB1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFAF4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB10 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB11 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFB9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFC1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFC2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS5 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS8 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV2 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFV3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit V3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Number of hospitalizations	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
OPN5 opsin 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Oxidative stress markers	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
P2RY12 purinergic receptor P2Y12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PAWR pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE3A phosphodiesterase 3A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE5A phosphodiesterase 5A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDZD8 PDZ domain containing 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PNPLA3 patatin like domain 3, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PSRC1 proline and serine rich coiled-coil 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN11 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Primary Patency Rate	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Primary Safety Endpoint	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Primary assisted patency	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Primary patency	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
SATB1 SATB homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SERP2 stress associated endoplasmic reticulum protein family member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SORT1 sortilin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Secondary patency	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Six-minute Walk Distance	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Target lesion patency - freedom from > 50% restenosis (assessed by DUS)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Target lesion revascularization	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Technical success	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
VKORC1 vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Walking Impairment Questionnaire - Distance Score	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
ZNF536 zinc finger protein 536	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
maximal walking distance evaluated by a constant treadmill test	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
pain-free walking distance	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

FDA-Approved Therapies

Phase 4 agents with regulatory approval for this indication

Drug Name	Mechanism	Type
ACEBUTOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACETAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
ADENOSINE	agonist; agonist	Gene-targeted
ALBUTEROL SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
AMINOPHYLLINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
AMPHETAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
APREMILAST		Gene-targeted
ARBUTAMINE		Gene-targeted
ARFORMOTEROL		Gene-targeted
ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ASPIRIN		Gene-targeted
ATENOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETAXOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETHANIDINE		Gene-targeted
BICALUTAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
BISOPROLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BITOLTEROL MESYLATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
BRETYLIUM		Gene-targeted
CAFFEINE	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CAFFEINE CITRATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CARBACHOL	None	Gene-targeted
CARTEOLOL		Gene-targeted
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CARVEDILOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CELIPROLOL	agonist	Gene-targeted
CIPROFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
CLOMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
CLOTRIMAZOLE		Gene-targeted
DEFIBROTIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DESIPRAMINE		Gene-targeted
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
DIAZEPAM	None	Gene-targeted
DICHLORPHENAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
DIENESTROL		Gene-targeted
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	None	Gene-targeted
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor; agonist	Gene-targeted
DIPIVEFRIN		Gene-targeted
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DISULFIRAM		Gene-targeted
DOBUTAMINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DRONEDARONE		Gene-targeted
DROXIDOPA	agonist	Gene-targeted
ENALAPRIL MALEATE		Gene-targeted
EPHEDRINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPHEDRINE SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPINEPHRINE	agonist; agonist	Gene-targeted
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPIRUBICIN	None	Gene-targeted
ESMOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ETHOXZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
FENOTEROL	agonist; agonist	Gene-targeted
FLAVONE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
FLECAINIDE ACETATE		Gene-targeted
FLUMAZENIL	None	Gene-targeted
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
FOSLEVODOPA	agonist	Gene-targeted
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE		Gene-targeted
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
IMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
INDACATEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
INDACATEROL MALEATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
INDAPAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
INDOMETHACIN	None	Gene-targeted
ISOETHARINE		Gene-targeted
ISOETHARINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOETHARINE MESYLATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE	None	Gene-targeted
ISTRADEFYLLINE	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LABETALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LANDIOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVALBUTEROL		Gene-targeted
LEVALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVOBUNOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVODOPA		Gene-targeted
MAFENIDE	None	Gene-targeted
MECAMYLAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
MEFLOQUINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
MEPOLIZUMAB		Gene-targeted
METAPROTERENOL	agonist	Gene-targeted
METAPROTERENOL SULFATE		Gene-targeted
METHACHOLINE		Gene-targeted
METHAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
METHOXSALEN	None	Gene-targeted
METIPRANOLOL		Gene-targeted
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL	None	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL FUMARATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL TARTRATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MIANSERIN	None	Gene-targeted
MIRABEGRON	agonist	Gene-targeted
NADOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NADOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NALIDIXIC ACID	None	Gene-targeted
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NICARDIPINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NICOTINE	None	Gene-targeted
NOREPINEPHRINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
NORFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
OFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
OLODATEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
OXPRENOLOL		Gene-targeted
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
OXTRIPHYLLINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PALBOCICLIB		Gene-targeted
PENBUTOLOL		Gene-targeted
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PENTOXIFYLLINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
PHENYTOIN	None	Gene-targeted
PINDOLOL	agonist; inhibitor; agonist	Gene-targeted
PIRBUTEROL		Gene-targeted
PIRBUTEROL ACETATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
PRACTOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PRAZOSIN	None	Gene-targeted
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
PRONETALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPAFENONE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROTOKYLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE POLISTIREX		Gene-targeted
RACEPINEPHRINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
RAMIPRIL		Gene-targeted
REGADENOSON	agonist	Gene-targeted
REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS	agonist	Gene-targeted
RISPERIDONE		Gene-targeted
RITODRINE		Gene-targeted
RITODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
SALMETEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
SIROLIMUS	None	Gene-targeted
SODIUM CHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
SOTALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SUFENTANIL		Gene-targeted
SULBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	None	Gene-targeted
TAZOBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TERBUTALINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
TERBUTALINE SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
THEOPHYLLINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
THEOPHYLLINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
THEOPHYLLINE SODIUM GLYCINATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TIMOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TIMOLOL MALEATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TIOTROPIUM		Gene-targeted
TROGLITAZONE	None	Gene-targeted
VIDARABINE		Gene-targeted
VILANTEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ZIPRASIDONE		Gene-targeted

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	4 trials 2 Cochrane 4 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05566678 — Effect of Switching From Cigarette Smoking to THS on Systemic Endothelial Function in Subjects With Established Atherosclerotic Disease (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT00461630 — Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events HPS2-THRIVE (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02220686 — Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT05469698 — Onsite Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Patients With PAD (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease (JAMA, 2006) Cochrane review Smoking cessation strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based approach (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2003) Systematic review Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review (Contraception, 2016) Systematic review [Recent Knowledge of Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Lower Extremities] (Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2015) Clinical trial publication Switching to E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Among Individuals With Chronic Disease Who Currently Smoke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024) Clinical trial publication Feasibility and pilot efficacy of a brief smoking cessation intervention delivered by vascular surgeons in the Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (Journal of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Impact and Duration of Brief Surgeon-Delivered Smoking Cessation Advice on Attitudes Regarding Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Harms for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Annals of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Smoking cessation may not improve quality of life in atherosclerotic patients (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04584632 — The Efemoral Vascular Scaffold System (EVSS) for the Treatment of Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Vascular Disease From Stenosis or Occlusion of the Femoropopliteal Artery (RECRUITING) NA NCT05450042 — Vascular Effects Through Sirolimus vs. Paclitaxel DCB Implantation (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05132361 — SELUTION4SFA Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT05267548 — Investigating the Safety and Clinical Performance of Seven iVascular Devices for Endovascular Intervention in the Popliteal and/or Infrapopliteal Arteries (UNKNOWN) NCT07144150 — EVERO Drug-coated Balloon (DCB) Randomized Trial (RECRUITING) NA NCT07359807 — A Study Comparing the MAGICTouch™ Sirolimus-coated Balloon With a Paclitaxel-coated Balloon for Treating Severe Narrowing or Blockage in the Femoropopliteal Arteries. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04107298 — Safety and Feasibility of Surmodics SUNDANCE™ Drug Coated Balloon (COMPLETED) NA NCT04433572 — Temsirolimus Adventitial Delivery to Improve ANGioplasty and/or Atherectomy Revascularization Outcomes Below the Knee (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Different drugs in drug-eluting stents for peripheral artery disease: a systematic evaluation and Bayesian meta-analysis (Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2024) Meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of below-the-knee arterial disease (Journal of vascular surgery, 2023) Clinical trial publication MagicTouch PTA Sirolimus-Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal and Below-the-Knee Disease: 3-Year Outcomes of the XTOSI Trial (Annals of vascular surgery, 2024) Clinical trial publication Assessment of Sirolimus- vs. paCLitaxEl-coated balloon angioPlasty In atherosclerotic femoropopliteal lesiOnS (ASCLEPIOS Study): preliminary results (The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, 2022) Clinical trial publication Wound Healing Outcomes and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Changes in the ACHILLES Trial: 1-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Infrapopliteal Balloon Angioplasty Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stenting in Patients With Ischemic Peripheral Arterial Disease (JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2016) Clinical trial publication A prospective randomized multicenter comparison of balloon angioplasty and infrapopliteal stenting with the sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with ischemic peripheral arterial disease: 1-year results from the ACHILLES trial (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACEBUTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADENOSINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 12 Trial pubs 10 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07597239 — Thromboelastography With Platelet Mapping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy After Lower Extremity Revascularization (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT06613191 — Colonoscopy and Antiplatelet Therapy Trial (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT03606642 — SYNergy Stent® System Implantation With Mandatory Intra-VascularUltra-Sound Guidance and Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT07613840 — Personalizing Thromboprophylaxis for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT01732822 — A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02403830 — Effect of Methylnaltrexone on the PK/PD Profiles of Ticagrelor in Patients Treated With Morphine (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02469740 — Peripheral Endothelial Function Assessment of Patients on Ticagrelor vs. Clopidogrel Who Have Undergone PCI (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01070420 — Comparison of Hyperemic Efficacy Between Central and Peripheral Adenosine Infusion for Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) Measurement (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity on Clinical Outcomes for Patients Taking ADP Receptor Inhibitors Following Lower Limb Arterial Endovascular Intervention (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2022) Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial of platelet activity before and after cessation of clopidogrel therapy in patients with stable cardiovascular disease (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014) Clinical trial publication On-treatment function testing of platelets and long-term outcome of patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing transluminal angioplasty (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2011) Clinical trial publication Variability and persistence of aspirin response in lower extremity peripheral arterial disease patients (Journal of vascular surgery, 2011) Clinical trial publication Thromboxane Antagonism with terutroban in Peripheral Arterial Disease: the TAIPAD study (Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2010) Clinical trial publication A double-blind placebo-controlled investigation of the psychomotor profile of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers (Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALBUTEROL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOPHYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREMILAST Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARBUTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARFORMOTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BITOLTEROL MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRETYLIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	6 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06541691 — Coated or Chewable Aspirin and a Hybrid Strategy to Mitigate Adverse Effects of Air Pollution in Stable Atherosclerotic Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT07622485 — In-Hospital Wearable-Based Monitoring Versus Standard Care in Cardiovascular Disease (INSPIRE) (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT04054232 — Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record-based Screening Tool for Peripheral Artery Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01483898 — An Efficacy and Safety Study of Ixmyelocel-T in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00388128 — Caffeine and Intermittent Claudication (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06261606 — Feasibility of a Multifaceted Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Air Pollution (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of caffeine in patients with intermittent claudication (The British journal of surgery, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE CITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARTEOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELIPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTRIMAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEFIBROTIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials 3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Plasma levels of the molecular markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 1996) Clinical trial publication Effects of defibrotide on physical performance and hemorheologic picture in patients with peripheral arteriopathy (Clinical trials and meta-analysis, 1994) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose comparison study of orally administered defibrotide: preliminary results in patients with peripheral arterial disease (Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 1991) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DESIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIENESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONEDARONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRIL MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLAVONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FLECAINIDE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSLEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDACATEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDACATEROL MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOETHARINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTRADEFYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANDIOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVALBUTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03014791 — Influence of Age, Weight and Ethnic Background on Blood Pressure (UNKNOWN) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LEVALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBUNOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEFLOQUINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEPOLIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METAPROTERENOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METAPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHACHOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NADOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NADOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICARDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03094910 — Investigation of the Rewarming og the Fingers After Cooling and the Autonomic Nervous System in Raynaud's Phenomenon (COMPLETED) NA NCT06059144 — Induced Hypertension in Acute PRogrESsive Perforating Artery Stroke Using Peripheral Dilute noREpinephrine (RECRUITING) PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLODATEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXTRIPHYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PALBOCICLIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	4 trials 17 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 13 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05635370 — Data Analysis for Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer's Medicines (DREAM)- Pentoxifylline Versus Cilostazol (COMPLETED) NCT01263925 — Prostaglandin E1 in Outpatients With Intermittent Claudication (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01378260 — Comparative Effectiveness Research Study of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (COMPLETED) NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Cilostazol for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015) Cochrane review Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015) Meta-analysis Cilostazol for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Clinical trial publication [Effectiveness of pentoxifylline and of bio-electromagnetic therapy in lower limb obliterative arterial disease] (Orvosi hetilap, 2013) Clinical trial publication Pharmacological treatment of intermittent claudication does not have a significant effect on gait impairments during claudication pain (Journal of applied biomechanics, 2012) Clinical trial publication Macro- and microrheological parameters of blood in patients with cerebral and peripheral atherosclerosis: the molecular change mechanisms after pentoxifylline treatment (Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 2011) Clinical trial publication Effects of cilostazol and pentoxifylline on forearm reactive hyperemia response, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with intermittent claudication (Angiology, 2008) Clinical trial publication A randomized trial of iloprost in patients with intermittent claudication (Vascular medicine (London, England), 2008) Randomized controlled trial The effects of prostaglandin E-1 in patients with intermittent claudication (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PIRBUTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PIRBUTEROL ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRACTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRONETALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPAFENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROTOKYLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE POLISTIREX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RACEPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
REGADENOSON Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RISPERIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RITODRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALMETEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERBUTALINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TERBUTALINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
THEOPHYLLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE SODIUM GLYCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIOTROPIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIDARABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VILANTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACTOVEGIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETA CAROTENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILOSTAZOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCOA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONAPERMINOGENE SELTOPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL TRIGLYCERIDES	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINKGO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM NITRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFALAZIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULODEXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICAGRELOR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICLOPIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONAPANITASE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WARFARIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABCIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATACIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CREATINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPRODUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDOXABAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETRINABDIONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIBRINOLYSIN, HUMAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLOCDACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXMYELOCEL-T	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
L-CITRULLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENAQUINONE 7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAZUPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFERMINOGENE PECAPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITRITE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRASEMTIV	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELANSERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN B12	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIROXIMEL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCLACUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENOGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALFIRASTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPROSTADIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOLOCUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVAROXABAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORAPAXAR SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACTOVEGIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETA CAROTENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CILOSTAZOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCOA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONAPERMINOGENE SELTOPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL TRIGLYCERIDES	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINKGO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM NITRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFALAZIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULODEXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICAGRELOR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TICLOPIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONAPANITASE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WARFARIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABCIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATACIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CREATINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPRODUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDOXABAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETRINABDIONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIBRINOLYSIN, HUMAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOLOCDACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXMYELOCEL-T	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
L-CITRULLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENAQUINONE 7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	4 trials 2 Cochrane 4 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05566678 — Effect of Switching From Cigarette Smoking to THS on Systemic Endothelial Function in Subjects With Established Atherosclerotic Disease (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT00461630 — Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events HPS2-THRIVE (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02220686 — Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT05469698 — Onsite Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Patients With PAD (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease (JAMA, 2006) Cochrane review Smoking cessation strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based approach (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2003) Systematic review Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review (Contraception, 2016) Systematic review [Recent Knowledge of Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Lower Extremities] (Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2015) Clinical trial publication Switching to E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Among Individuals With Chronic Disease Who Currently Smoke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024) Clinical trial publication Feasibility and pilot efficacy of a brief smoking cessation intervention delivered by vascular surgeons in the Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (Journal of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Impact and Duration of Brief Surgeon-Delivered Smoking Cessation Advice on Attitudes Regarding Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Harms for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Annals of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Smoking cessation may not improve quality of life in atherosclerotic patients (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROBUCOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAZUPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFERMINOGENE PECAPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04584632 — The Efemoral Vascular Scaffold System (EVSS) for the Treatment of Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Vascular Disease From Stenosis or Occlusion of the Femoropopliteal Artery (RECRUITING) NA NCT05450042 — Vascular Effects Through Sirolimus vs. Paclitaxel DCB Implantation (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05132361 — SELUTION4SFA Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT05267548 — Investigating the Safety and Clinical Performance of Seven iVascular Devices for Endovascular Intervention in the Popliteal and/or Infrapopliteal Arteries (UNKNOWN) NCT07144150 — EVERO Drug-coated Balloon (DCB) Randomized Trial (RECRUITING) NA NCT07359807 — A Study Comparing the MAGICTouch™ Sirolimus-coated Balloon With a Paclitaxel-coated Balloon for Treating Severe Narrowing or Blockage in the Femoropopliteal Arteries. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04107298 — Safety and Feasibility of Surmodics SUNDANCE™ Drug Coated Balloon (COMPLETED) NA NCT04433572 — Temsirolimus Adventitial Delivery to Improve ANGioplasty and/or Atherectomy Revascularization Outcomes Below the Knee (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Different drugs in drug-eluting stents for peripheral artery disease: a systematic evaluation and Bayesian meta-analysis (Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2024) Meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of below-the-knee arterial disease (Journal of vascular surgery, 2023) Clinical trial publication MagicTouch PTA Sirolimus-Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal and Below-the-Knee Disease: 3-Year Outcomes of the XTOSI Trial (Annals of vascular surgery, 2024) Clinical trial publication Assessment of Sirolimus- vs. paCLitaxEl-coated balloon angioPlasty In atherosclerotic femoropopliteal lesiOnS (ASCLEPIOS Study): preliminary results (The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, 2022) Clinical trial publication Wound Healing Outcomes and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Changes in the ACHILLES Trial: 1-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Infrapopliteal Balloon Angioplasty Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stenting in Patients With Ischemic Peripheral Arterial Disease (JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2016) Clinical trial publication A prospective randomized multicenter comparison of balloon angioplasty and infrapopliteal stenting with the sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with ischemic peripheral arterial disease: 1-year results from the ACHILLES trial (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITRITE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRASEMTIV	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRELANSERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN B12	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIROXIMEL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCLACUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENOGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALFIRASTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPROSTADIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL BISULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVOLOCUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVAROXABAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORAPAXAR SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACEBUTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADENOSINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 12 Trial pubs 10 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07597239 — Thromboelastography With Platelet Mapping to Guide Antiplatelet Therapy After Lower Extremity Revascularization (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT06613191 — Colonoscopy and Antiplatelet Therapy Trial (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT03606642 — SYNergy Stent® System Implantation With Mandatory Intra-VascularUltra-Sound Guidance and Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT07613840 — Personalizing Thromboprophylaxis for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT01732822 — A Study Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02403830 — Effect of Methylnaltrexone on the PK/PD Profiles of Ticagrelor in Patients Treated With Morphine (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02469740 — Peripheral Endothelial Function Assessment of Patients on Ticagrelor vs. Clopidogrel Who Have Undergone PCI (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01070420 — Comparison of Hyperemic Efficacy Between Central and Peripheral Adenosine Infusion for Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) Measurement (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity on Clinical Outcomes for Patients Taking ADP Receptor Inhibitors Following Lower Limb Arterial Endovascular Intervention (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2022) Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial of platelet activity before and after cessation of clopidogrel therapy in patients with stable cardiovascular disease (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014) Clinical trial publication On-treatment function testing of platelets and long-term outcome of patients with peripheral arterial disease undergoing transluminal angioplasty (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2011) Clinical trial publication Variability and persistence of aspirin response in lower extremity peripheral arterial disease patients (Journal of vascular surgery, 2011) Clinical trial publication Thromboxane Antagonism with terutroban in Peripheral Arterial Disease: the TAIPAD study (Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2010) Clinical trial publication A double-blind placebo-controlled investigation of the psychomotor profile of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers (Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALBUTEROL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOPHYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREMILAST Repurposing via CDKN2B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARBUTAMINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARFORMOTEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARFORMOTEROL TARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN Repurposing via ADORA1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANIDINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BITOLTEROL MESYLATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRETYLIUM Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	6 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06541691 — Coated or Chewable Aspirin and a Hybrid Strategy to Mitigate Adverse Effects of Air Pollution in Stable Atherosclerotic Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT07622485 — In-Hospital Wearable-Based Monitoring Versus Standard Care in Cardiovascular Disease (INSPIRE) (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT04054232 — Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record-based Screening Tool for Peripheral Artery Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01483898 — An Efficacy and Safety Study of Ixmyelocel-T in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00388128 — Caffeine and Intermittent Claudication (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06261606 — Feasibility of a Multifaceted Program to Reduce Cardiovascular Complications of Air Pollution (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of caffeine in patients with intermittent claudication (The British journal of surgery, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE CITRATE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARTEOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELIPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTRIMAZOLE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEFIBROTIDE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials 3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Plasma levels of the molecular markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with peripheral arterial disease (Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 1996) Clinical trial publication Effects of defibrotide on physical performance and hemorheologic picture in patients with peripheral arteriopathy (Clinical trials and meta-analysis, 1994) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose comparison study of orally administered defibrotide: preliminary results in patients with peripheral arterial disease (Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis, 1991) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DESIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIENESTROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONEDARONE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRIL MALEATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOTEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLAVONE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FLECAINIDE ACETATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSLEVODOPA Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDACATEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDACATEROL MALEATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOETHARINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE MESYLATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTRADEFYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANDIOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVALBUTEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03014791 — Influence of Age, Weight and Ethnic Background on Blood Pressure (UNKNOWN) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LEVALBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBUNOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEFLOQUINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEPOLIZUMAB Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METAPROTERENOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METAPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHACHOLINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL TARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NADOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NADOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICARDIPINE Repurposing via ADORA3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	4 trials 2 Cochrane 4 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05566678 — Effect of Switching From Cigarette Smoking to THS on Systemic Endothelial Function in Subjects With Established Atherosclerotic Disease (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT00461630 — Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events HPS2-THRIVE (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02220686 — Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT05469698 — Onsite Tobacco Cessation Treatment for Patients With PAD (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medical treatment of peripheral arterial disease (JAMA, 2006) Cochrane review Smoking cessation strategies in patients with peripheral arterial disease: an evidence-based approach (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2003) Systematic review Hormonal contraception among electronic cigarette users and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review (Contraception, 2016) Systematic review [Recent Knowledge of Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease in Lower Extremities] (Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 2015) Clinical trial publication Switching to E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Among Individuals With Chronic Disease Who Currently Smoke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2024) Clinical trial publication Feasibility and pilot efficacy of a brief smoking cessation intervention delivered by vascular surgeons in the Vascular Physician Offer and Report (VAPOR) Trial (Journal of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Impact and Duration of Brief Surgeon-Delivered Smoking Cessation Advice on Attitudes Regarding Nicotine Dependence and Tobacco Harms for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Annals of vascular surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Smoking cessation may not improve quality of life in atherosclerotic patients (Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03094910 — Investigation of the Rewarming og the Fingers After Cooling and the Autonomic Nervous System in Raynaud's Phenomenon (COMPLETED) NA NCT06059144 — Induced Hypertension in Acute PRogrESsive Perforating Artery Stroke Using Peripheral Dilute noREpinephrine (RECRUITING) PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLODATEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
OLODATEROL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXPRENOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXTRIPHYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PALBOCICLIB Repurposing via CDKN2B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	4 trials 17 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 13 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05635370 — Data Analysis for Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer's Medicines (DREAM)- Pentoxifylline Versus Cilostazol (COMPLETED) NCT01263925 — Prostaglandin E1 in Outpatients With Intermittent Claudication (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01378260 — Comparative Effectiveness Research Study of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (COMPLETED) NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Cilostazol for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015) Cochrane review Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015) Meta-analysis Cilostazol for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Clinical trial publication [Effectiveness of pentoxifylline and of bio-electromagnetic therapy in lower limb obliterative arterial disease] (Orvosi hetilap, 2013) Clinical trial publication Pharmacological treatment of intermittent claudication does not have a significant effect on gait impairments during claudication pain (Journal of applied biomechanics, 2012) Clinical trial publication Macro- and microrheological parameters of blood in patients with cerebral and peripheral atherosclerosis: the molecular change mechanisms after pentoxifylline treatment (Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation, 2011) Clinical trial publication Effects of cilostazol and pentoxifylline on forearm reactive hyperemia response, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with intermittent claudication (Angiology, 2008) Clinical trial publication A randomized trial of iloprost in patients with intermittent claudication (Vascular medicine (London, England), 2008) Randomized controlled trial The effects of prostaglandin E-1 in patients with intermittent claudication (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PIRBUTEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PIRBUTEROL ACETATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRACTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRONETALOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPAFENONE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROTOKYLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE POLISTIREX Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RACEPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRIL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
REGADENOSON Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGADENOSON ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RISPERIDONE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RITODRINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALMETEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04584632 — The Efemoral Vascular Scaffold System (EVSS) for the Treatment of Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Vascular Disease From Stenosis or Occlusion of the Femoropopliteal Artery (RECRUITING) NA NCT05450042 — Vascular Effects Through Sirolimus vs. Paclitaxel DCB Implantation (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05132361 — SELUTION4SFA Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT05267548 — Investigating the Safety and Clinical Performance of Seven iVascular Devices for Endovascular Intervention in the Popliteal and/or Infrapopliteal Arteries (UNKNOWN) NCT07144150 — EVERO Drug-coated Balloon (DCB) Randomized Trial (RECRUITING) NA NCT07359807 — A Study Comparing the MAGICTouch™ Sirolimus-coated Balloon With a Paclitaxel-coated Balloon for Treating Severe Narrowing or Blockage in the Femoropopliteal Arteries. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04107298 — Safety and Feasibility of Surmodics SUNDANCE™ Drug Coated Balloon (COMPLETED) NA NCT04433572 — Temsirolimus Adventitial Delivery to Improve ANGioplasty and/or Atherectomy Revascularization Outcomes Below the Knee (RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Different drugs in drug-eluting stents for peripheral artery disease: a systematic evaluation and Bayesian meta-analysis (Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2024) Meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of below-the-knee arterial disease (Journal of vascular surgery, 2023) Clinical trial publication MagicTouch PTA Sirolimus-Coated Balloon for Femoropopliteal and Below-the-Knee Disease: 3-Year Outcomes of the XTOSI Trial (Annals of vascular surgery, 2024) Clinical trial publication Assessment of Sirolimus- vs. paCLitaxEl-coated balloon angioPlasty In atherosclerotic femoropopliteal lesiOnS (ASCLEPIOS Study): preliminary results (The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, 2022) Clinical trial publication Wound Healing Outcomes and Health-Related Quality-of-Life Changes in the ACHILLES Trial: 1-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Infrapopliteal Balloon Angioplasty Versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stenting in Patients With Ischemic Peripheral Arterial Disease (JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2016) Clinical trial publication A prospective randomized multicenter comparison of balloon angioplasty and infrapopliteal stenting with the sirolimus-eluting stent in patients with ischemic peripheral arterial disease: 1-year results from the ACHILLES trial (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERBUTALINE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TERBUTALINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
THEOPHYLLINE Repurposing via ADORA1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE SODIUM GLYCINATE Repurposing via ADORA2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIMOLOL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL MALEATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIOTROPIUM Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIDARABINE Repurposing via ADORA2B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VILANTEROL Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE Repurposing via ADRB2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

57 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Ginkgo Biloba Natural product Human Study A proprietary ginkgo biloba extract is safe and effective in the treatm…	Botanical	Approved	Moderate	21	4 trials 3 Cochrane 2 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00029991 — Extract of Ginkgo Biloba (EGB 761) and Vascular Function (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00251238 — Efficacy and Tolerability of Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Patients With Raynaud´s Phenomenon (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03318276 — Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of SID142 in Patients With Chronic Artery Occlusive Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05906199 — A Study to Compare the Effects of Improving the Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Changing Lipid Levels by Cilostazol/Ginkgo Leaf Extract and Aspirin in Diabetic Peripheral Angiopathy. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta-analysis The effectiveness of intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapenta… Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	20	8 trials 5 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01412216 — The Effects of Sedentarism on Vascular Function, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01367145 — OMEGA-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids (N3-Pufa) In Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01979874 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Peripheral Arterial Disease II (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04257370 — Kerecis Omega3 Wound Plus SOC vs. SOC Alone in Treating Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Forefoot Amputations (COMPLETED) NA NCT01310270 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Inflammation (COMPLETED) NA NCT02096757 — The Use of Fish Oil to Reduce Inflammation Caused by a Peripheral Vascular Intervention (COMPLETED) NA NCT01256320 — Egg Study With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT03258983 — Alpha-linolenic Acid and the Risk of ASCVD (COMPLETED) Published literature Meta-analysis The effectiveness of intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexenoic acid in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2026) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta-analysis The effectiveness of intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapenta… Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	8 trials 5 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01412216 — The Effects of Sedentarism on Vascular Function, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01367145 — OMEGA-3-Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids (N3-Pufa) In Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01979874 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Peripheral Arterial Disease II (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04257370 — Kerecis Omega3 Wound Plus SOC vs. SOC Alone in Treating Severe Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Forefoot Amputations (COMPLETED) NA NCT01310270 — The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Inflammation (COMPLETED) NA NCT02096757 — The Use of Fish Oil to Reduce Inflammation Caused by a Peripheral Vascular Intervention (COMPLETED) NA NCT01256320 — Egg Study With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT03258983 — Alpha-linolenic Acid and the Risk of ASCVD (COMPLETED) Published literature Meta-analysis The effectiveness of intervention with omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexenoic acid in peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2026) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2007) Meta-analysis Omega-3 fatty acids for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Beetroot Natural product Human Study A high-score Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a reduced… Human Study Supplementation with orange and blackcurrant juice improves inflammator… Human Study The effects of dietary flaxseed on cardiac arrhythmias and claudication…	Food compound	Phase III	Emerging	19	8 trials 2 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT01785524 — Dietary Nitrate and Exercise to Augment Exercise Training Benefits in Subjects With DM+PAD (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06009276 — Associations Between the Microbiome, Skeletal Muscle Perfusion, and Fitness Status (RECRUITING) NCT06657976 — Response to Exercise and Nitric Oxide in PAD (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06032065 — SMART Exercise for PAD (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT03749577 — Nutritional Strategies to Increase Nitric Oxide Signaling in Raynaud's Phenomenon (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03930563 — Inorganic Nitrate and OSA (COMPLETED) NA NCT05036213 — The Effects of Oral Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Lower Limb Perfusion During Exercise in Patients With PAD (UNKNOWN) PHASE1 NCT01684930 — Nitrites, Exercise, and Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
L-Arginine Natural product Human Study L-arginine improves symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients w… Human Study L-arginine infusion decreases peripheral arterial resistance and inhibi…	Amino acid	Approved	Moderate	17	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00759707 — Endothelial Function in Lower Extremity Bypass Grafts (COMPLETED) NA NCT02475525 — Oral Nutritional Supplement in Reducing Surgical Site Infections (TERMINATED) NA NCT03861416 — "Unifuzol®" in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00284076 — L-Arginine in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT04800692 — The Effects of ATLAS Therapy on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Patients With Intermittent Claudication (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT02183779 — PORH and Response to Cold in Raynaud's Phenomenon. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01682889 — The Effect of High Dose Arginine Infusion on Hemodynamic and Peripheral Microcirculation (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03028285 — Study of Safety and Tolerability of UNIFUZOL (Solution for Infusions) in Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Clinical trial publication Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in peripheral arterial dis…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	1 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT04916327 — Examining the Impact of Exercise Training on Vascular Dysfunction in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders - Study 1 (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine improves arterial dilatation via NOX2 inhibition… Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine imrpoves exercise performance in peripheral arter…	Amino acid	Approved	Moderate	17	6 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00399919 — Safety and Efficacy of Propionyl-L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease (Intermittent Claudication) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00809497 — A Clinical Study on Efficacy & Safety Profile of Propionyl-L-carnitine Tablets for Peripheral Arterial Diseases (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00822172 — Evaluation of Cilostazol in Combination With L-Carnitine (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02786069 — A Single-dose Escalation Safety and PK Study for PLC in Healthy Chinese (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02786043 — PK Study to Evaluate the Effect of PLC on Healthy Chinese Subjects by Multiple-doses (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product	Food compound	Phase III	Moderate	17	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03743636 — Nicotinamide Riboside With and Without Resveratrol to Improve Functioning in Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02246660 — RESveratrol To Improve Outcomes in oldeR pEople With PAD (the RESTORE Trial) (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Arginine Natural product Human Study L-arginine improves symptoms of intermittent claudication in patients w… Human Study L-arginine infusion decreases peripheral arterial resistance and inhibi…	Amino acid	Approved	Emerging	16	8 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00759707 — Endothelial Function in Lower Extremity Bypass Grafts (COMPLETED) NA NCT02475525 — Oral Nutritional Supplement in Reducing Surgical Site Infections (TERMINATED) NA NCT03861416 — "Unifuzol®" in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00284076 — L-Arginine in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT04800692 — The Effects of ATLAS Therapy on Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Patients With Intermittent Claudication (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT02183779 — PORH and Response to Cold in Raynaud's Phenomenon. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01682889 — The Effect of High Dose Arginine Infusion on Hemodynamic and Peripheral Microcirculation (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03028285 — Study of Safety and Tolerability of UNIFUZOL (Solution for Infusions) in Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine improves arterial dilatation via NOX2 inhibition… Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine imrpoves exercise performance in peripheral arter…	Amino acid	Approved	Emerging	16	6 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00399919 — Safety and Efficacy of Propionyl-L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease (Intermittent Claudication) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01718288 — Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Severe Peripheral Ischemia (Fontaine Stage IIb) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00809497 — A Clinical Study on Efficacy & Safety Profile of Propionyl-L-carnitine Tablets for Peripheral Arterial Diseases (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00822172 — Evaluation of Cilostazol in Combination With L-Carnitine (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02786069 — A Single-dose Escalation Safety and PK Study for PLC in Healthy Chinese (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02786043 — PK Study to Evaluate the Effect of PLC on Healthy Chinese Subjects by Multiple-doses (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Citrulline Natural product	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	16	4 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02934438 — Effect of Neo40 on PAD (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03749577 — Nutritional Strategies to Increase Nitric Oxide Signaling in Raynaud's Phenomenon (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02521220 — L-Citrulline in Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT00351286 — Efficacy Study of Oral L-Citrulline in Patients Taking Simvastatin With Peripheral Arterial Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Resveratrol Natural product Potentially active compounds that improve PAD through angiogenesis: A r… Age-associated proinflammatory secretory phenotype in vascular smooth m…	Food compound	Phase III	Emerging	13	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03743636 — Nicotinamide Riboside With and Without Resveratrol to Improve Functioning in Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02246660 — RESveratrol To Improve Outcomes in oldeR pEople With PAD (the RESTORE Trial) (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Clinical trial publication Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in peripheral arterial dis…	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Emerging	10	1 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT04916327 — Examining the Impact of Exercise Training on Vascular Dysfunction in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders - Study 1 (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Cocoa Flavanols Natural product Human Study Cocoa flavanols in peripheral artery disease. Human Study These preliminary results suggest a therapeutic effect of cocoa on walk…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	10	6 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00771797 — Peripheral Artery Occlusive Diseases (PAOD) Study - Clinical Assessment (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT01064583 — Cocoa Flavanols and Painfree Walking Distance (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01947712 — Effect of Polyphenols on Peripheral Vascular Disease. (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01395277 — Role of Flavanols In Cardiovascular Function in Healthy Aging (COMPLETED) NA NCT04794530 — The COCOA-PAD II Trial (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT02876887 — Cocoa to Improve Walking Performance in Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Policosanol Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study Hypovitaminosis D is associated with subclinical peripheral arterial di… Human Study Low serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with a higher pr… Human Study Serum vitamin D and diabetic foot complications.	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	3 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03615833 — Pilot Study of Vitamin D Screening Use in Peripheral Arterial Disease Patient Over Maximum Distance Walking (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01559974 — Vitamin D and Walking Ability in Patients With Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT01570309 — Vitamin D Repletion in Coronary Artery Disease (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication Cochrane review Complementary therapies for peripheral arterial disease: systematic rev…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	2 trials 3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 7 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04916327 — Examining the Impact of Exercise Training on Vascular Dysfunction in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders - Study 1 (RECRUITING) NA NCT04502849 — Apoptosis Proteins and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Atherosclerosis of Peripheral Arteries (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Exercise for intermittent claudication (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review Complementary therapies for peripheral arterial disease: systematic review (Atherosclerosis, 2005) Clinical trial publication Differences in nutrition status by body mass index in patients with peripheral artery disease (Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing, 2012) Clinical trial publication Supplementation with orange and blackcurrant juice, but not vitamin E, improves inflammatory markers in patients with peripheral arterial disease (The British journal of nutrition, 2009) Clinical trial publication No influence of increased intake of orange and blackcurrant juices and dietary amounts of vitamin E on paraoxonase-1 activity in patients with peripheral arterial disease (European journal of nutrition, 2007) Clinical trial publication Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial (Journal of internal medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Association between nutrient intake and peripheral artery disease: results from the InCHIANTI study (Atherosclerosis, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Clinical trial publication Intra-arterial vitamin C prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by isc… Clinical trial publication Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with… Human Study Combined supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E may be of clinica…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	6 trials 2 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02934438 — Effect of Neo40 on PAD (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00491751 — Clinical Utility of Endothelial Dysfunction in PAD (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT03041259 — Revascularization of Stenosed Vessels Using Optimized Treatment of Rejuveinix for Reversing Endothelial Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT04916327 — Examining the Impact of Exercise Training on Vascular Dysfunction in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders - Study 1 (RECRUITING) NA NCT04502849 — Apoptosis Proteins and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Atherosclerosis of Peripheral Arteries (COMPLETED) NCT03094910 — Investigation of the Rewarming og the Fingers After Cooling and the Autonomic Nervous System in Raynaud's Phenomenon (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Intra-arterial vitamin C prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion (Atherosclerosis, 2008) Clinical trial publication Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial (Journal of internal medicine, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Cochrane review Homocysteine and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review and met… Meta-analysis A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for v… Randomized controlled trial Differences in nutrition status by body mass index in patients with per…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 3 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Homocysteine and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery : the official journal of the European Society for Vascular Surgery, 2009) Meta-analysis A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes (JAMA, 1995) Randomized controlled trial Differences in nutrition status by body mass index in patients with peripheral artery disease (Journal of vascular nursing : official publication of the Society for Peripheral Vascular Nursing, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Do novel risk biomarkers reflect the severity of peripheral arterial disease? (Angiology, 2011) Randomized controlled trial Randomized clinical trial of folate supplementation in patients with peripheral arterial disease (The British journal of surgery, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin B12 Natural product Human Study Higher consumption of folate may contribute to the prevention of periph… Human Study A higher intake of vegetable lipids, Vitamin E and higher concentration… Human Study Combined supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E may be of clinica…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Niacin Natural product Human Study Higher consumption of folate may contribute to the prevention of periph… Human Study Higher consumption of specific nutrients, including antioxidants (vitam… Human Study A higher intake of vegetable lipids, Vitamin E and higher concentration…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Curcumin application to type 1 diabetic mice significantly improved blo… Animal Study Curcumin could be used for peripheral arterial disease treatment.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		PubChem
Cgs-15943 Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Neca Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Zm-241385 Natural product The effect of caffeine on peripheral vascular resistance in isolated pe…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
1,3-DIPROPYL-8-CYCLOPENTYLXANTHINE [Dpcpx] Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
8-PHENYL Theophylline Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Namodenoson Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Alprenolol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Betaxolol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Carteolol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Propranolol Natural product Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease Effect of long-term beta-adrenergic-blockade on calf blood flow in hype…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Dalcetrapib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Puupehenone Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nicotine Natural product Switching to E-cigarettes as Harm Reduction Among Individuals With Chro… Feasibility and pilot efficacy of a brief smoking cessation interventio… Impact and Duration of Brief Surgeon-Delivered Smoking Cessation Advice…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Sodium Nitrate Natural product Animal Study Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate improves post-ischemic angiogenesis in…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
bis([(2R)-3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-propyl]-trimethyl-ammonium);(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromone Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Tibetan Herbal Formula: Padma 28 Natural product Human Study A proprietary ginkgo biloba extract is safe and effective in the treatm… Human Study A Tibetan herbal formula, Padma 28, provides significant relief from Pe… Human Study Alpha Lipoic Acid confers pain relief in patients with Peripheral Arter…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Vegetables: All Natural product Human Study A higher intake of vegetable lipids, Vitamin E and higher concentration… Human Study Greater frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cocoa Natural product Human Study Cocoa flavanols in peripheral artery disease. Human Study These preliminary results suggest a therapeutic effect of cocoa on walk…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fiber Natural product Human Study Higher consumption of specific nutrients, including antioxidants (vitam… Human Study These results suggest an inverse association between cereal fiber intak…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Flaxseed Natural product Human Study Milled flaxseed lowers total and LDL cholesterol in patients with perip… Human Study The effects of dietary flaxseed on cardiac arrhythmias and claudication…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Carnitine: Propionyl-L-Carnitine Natural product Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine improves arterial dilatation via NOX2 inhibition… Human Study Propionyl-L-carnitine imrpoves exercise performance in peripheral arter…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Apple Polyphenols Natural product Human Study Annurca apple polyphenolic extract could be a promising natural and saf…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Catechin Natural product Human Study Cocoa flavanols in peripheral artery disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Polyphenols Natural product Human Study Cocoa flavanols in peripheral artery disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Antioxidant Formulas Natural product Human Study Combined supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E may be of clinica… Human Study Higher consumption of specific nutrients, including antioxidants (vitam…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fruit: All Natural product Human Study Greater frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Folate: Dietary Natural product Human Study Higher consumption of specific nutrients, including antioxidants (vitam… Human Study A high-score Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with a reduced… Human Study Folate reduces plasma homocysteine and improves arterial function in pa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Vitamin a Natural product Human Study Higher consumption of specific nutrients, including antioxidants (vitam… Human Study A higher intake of vegetable lipids, Vitamin E and higher concentration… Human Study Combined supplementation with vitamin C and vitamin E may be of clinica…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Pycnogenol (Pine Bark) Natural product Human Study Pycnogenol reduces cramps and muscular pain common in diabetics and cla…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Black Currant Natural product Human Study Supplementation with orange and blackcurrant juice improves inflammator…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Orange Natural product Human Study Supplementation with orange and blackcurrant juice improves inflammator…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Sweet Orange Natural product Human Study Supplementation with orange and blackcurrant juice improves inflammator…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Tanshinone Iia Natural product Animal Study Sodium Tanshinone IIA sulfonate improves post-ischemic angiogenesis in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lime: Key Natural product In Vitro Study Cold-pressed oil from Citrus aurantifolia inhibits the proliferation of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.