Obesity

Disease overview

Alterations

131

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

292

Via biomarker

Natural agents

Natural products

153

Merged ranked

368

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Seeds, Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Sustained weight loss of >5% without intervention: ~5-10% at 2 years; weight regain almost universal after behavioural intervention alone (95% return to within 5% of starting weight at 5 years on lifestyle alone)

Best-intervention remission

GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide 2.4mg): 15-17% mean weight loss at 68 weeks (STEP 1); tirzepatide (dual GIP/GLP-1): 20-22% at 72 weeks (SURMOUNT-1); bariatric surgery: 25-35% sustained weight loss at 10 years with metabolic syndrome resolution

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Very large — effective pharmacotherapy now exists but is massively under-prescribed; access is the primary barrier

Primary barrier

access/framing

Barrier detail: Obesity is still widely treated as a lifestyle choice rather than a chronic disease by payers; GLP-1 medications (semaglutide, tirzepatide) cost $1,000-1,300/month and are excluded from most Medicare coverage; stigma in clinical settings reduces treatment-seeking; bariatric surgery used in <1% of eligible patients

Last SoC change: 2023 — tirzepatide (Zepbound) FDA approved for obesity; 2021 semaglutide (Wegovy) approved; 2024 semaglutide approved for CV risk reduction in obesity without diabetes (SELECT trial: 20% CV event reduction); prior obesity medications (orlistat, phentermine) essentially unchanged since 1990s-2000s

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0011122

Alterations

131 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
MC4R melanocortin 4 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.84	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNAS GNAS complex locus	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.82	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCSK1 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.79	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LEPR leptin receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.76	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POMC proopiomelanocortin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.75	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GIPR gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.74	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.74	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.72	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LEP leptin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.72	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.70	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SIM1 SIM bHLH transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.67	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.64	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A3 solute carrier family 6 member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OPRM1 opioid receptor mu 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PNLIP pancreatic lipase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A4 solute carrier family 6 member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR2C 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OPRD1 opioid receptor delta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OPRK1 opioid receptor kappa 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LIPF lipase F, gastric type	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MYT1L myelin transcription factor 1 like	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR0B2 nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CAST calpastatin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.57	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ENPP1 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOE apolipoprotein E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NEGR1 neuronal growth regulator 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TFAP2B transcription factor AP-2 beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC39A8 solute carrier family 39 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UCP3 uncoupling protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HEATR3 HEAT repeat containing 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB3 adrenoceptor beta 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SEC16B SEC16 homolog B, endoplasmic reticulum export factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRAPPC9 trafficking protein particle complex subunit 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TTC8 tetratricopeptide repeat domain 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRP gastrin releasing peptide	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR1D 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR7 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CEP19 centrosomal protein 19	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CPNE4 copine 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADCY9 adenylate cyclase 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANAPC4 anaphase promoting complex subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS4 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR1A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN2A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC18A2 solute carrier family 18 member A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GALNT10 polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN1A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BANK1 B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA1 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETV5 ETS variant transcription factor 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRMT7 protein arginine methyltransferase 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ONECUT1 one cut homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AUTS2 activator of transcription and developmental regulator AUTS2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS9 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FHIT fragile histidine triad diadenosine triphosphatase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAIM2 Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LMX1B LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRA2B adrenoceptor alpha 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXG1 forkhead box G1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRA2A adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDH7 cadherin 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRA1A adrenoceptor alpha 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRFN2 leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FANCL FA complementation group L	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNPDA2 glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB1 adrenoceptor beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NLGN1 neuroligin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRA2C adrenoceptor alpha 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS2 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF536 zinc finger protein 536	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PKHD1 PKHD1 ciliary IPT domain containing fibrocystin/polyductin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZFHX3 zinc finger homeobox 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
THRB thyroid hormone receptor beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OLFM4 olfactomedin 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCDH17 protocadherin 17	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS7 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MKKS MKKS centrosomal shuttling protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARL6 ARF like GTPase 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS5 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS10 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MKS1 MKS transition zone complex subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB2 adrenoceptor beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRXN3 neurexin 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PHIP PHIP subunit of CUL4-Ring ligase complex	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA4 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BBS12 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SDCCAG8 SHH signaling and ciliogenesis regulator SDCCAG8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
VPS13B vacuolar protein sorting 13 homolog B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POM121C POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR1B 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CALCR calcitonin receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LCT lactase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SIGMAR1 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NUDC nuclear distribution C, dynein complex regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Obesity	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	HPO annotation	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ad libitum energy intake	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Adherence to PS (BCAA biomarker)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Blood pressure	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Body Composition	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Body Fat Mass changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Body Fat Percentage changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Body mass index (BMI) changes	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Body weight changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
CSTI-500 plasma concentration	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Weight	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in body mass index	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in body weight	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in waist circumference	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Changes in BMI	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Diastolic Blood Pressure changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Fat Free Mass changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Fat oxidation (FatMax) during during half-effort test	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Functionality	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Height	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC
Metabolic flexibility - oxidation of substrates: VO2 peak	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Respiratory quotient	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Strength	Trial outcome measure	Functional test	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Systolic Blood Pressure changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Waist circumference	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) changes	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Weight	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
effect of PS and PA on Changes in fat mass and Fat free mass (kg)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
effect of PS and PA on resting energy expenditure (REE) (Kcal/ day)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
glucose tolerance	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	LOINC

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	7 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 9 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00679653 — Blood Pressure and Weight Trajectory on a Dual Antihypertensive Combination Plus Sibutramine Versus Placebo in Obese Hypertensives (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03519906 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Metoprolol (RECRUITING) NCT04049786 — Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetic Study of Simvastatin and Carvedilol (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03845075 — 48 Weeks, Study to Evaluate Overall Safety and Tolerability of Co-administration of Tesofensine and Metoprolol in Subjects With Hypothalamic Injury-induced Obesity (HIO) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00993421 — A Weight Loss Study in Overweight Men and Women (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05198362 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Prader-Willi Syndrome (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT05147415 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Hypothalamic Obesity (HO) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Meta-analysis Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Cardiovascular Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity surgery, 2026) Clinical trial publication Randomized controlled trial of Tesomet for weight loss in hypothalamic obesity (European journal of endocrinology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Optimal treatment of obesity-related hypertension: the Hypertension-Obesity-Sibutramine (HOS) study (Circulation, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effects of ACE inhibitor fosinopril on a 24-h profile of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients with obesity and hypercholesterolemia] (Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2005) Clinical trial publication Effects of moxonidine vs. metoprolol on blood pressure and metabolic control in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes (Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2004) Clinical trial publication Paradoxical effect of sibutramine on autonomic cardiovascular regulation (Circulation, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 22 Trial pubs 19 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04474509 — ACTyourCHANGE Study Protocol. Promoting Healthy Lifestyle With ACT for Obesity (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05136430 — A Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention for Overweight and Obese Smokers (COMPLETED) NA NCT00841334 — Adolescents Committed to Nutrition and Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT05241353 — Project THRIVE: Evaluating Different Approaches to Dietary Self-Monitoring for Weight Loss (COMPLETED) NA NCT01867983 — Comparative Effectiveness of Adding Weight Control to Smoking Cessation Quitlines (COMPLETED) NA NCT02502383 — ACTION PAC: Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition & Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT04332029 — Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers With Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT03036696 — The BEACH Interview Study- Pregnant and Breastfeeding Mothers (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders - a systematic review (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Assessment of the Potential of GLP-1 Analogs in the Treatment of Addictions: A Literature Review (Substance use & addiction journal, 2026) Cochrane review Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review (European journal of pediatrics, 2025) Cochrane review Global prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the Life's Essential 8 score: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Cardiovascular research, 2024) Cochrane review [Smoking and Breastfeeding - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines on the management for Smoking Management During Pregnancy] (Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie, 2020) Meta-analysis Inhibitory control training and unhealthy behaviours: a meta-analysis testing short and long- term effects in clinical and at-risk populations (Scientific reports, 2026) Meta-analysis Genetic risk factors for pneumonia differ by patient subgroup (EBioMedicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to Life's Essential 8 in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries (Pediatric obesity, 2025) Meta-analysis Causal effects from tobacco smoking initiation on obesity-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study (International journal of obesity (2005), 2023) Systematic review Behavior Change Techniques in Digital Health Interventions for Promoting Adolescent Health Behaviors: Systematic Umbrella Review (JMIR mental health, 2026) Systematic review Reducing craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction, obesity or overeating through neuromodulation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its follow-up effects (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022) Clinical trial publication P-15 Peptide Enhanced Bone Graft Improves Time to Fusion in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Randomized, Controlled, Investigational Device Exemption Study (Spine, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	4 trials 3 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 7 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06110078 — Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Carbonation: A Novel Approach to Reduce Soda Consumption (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT01499485 — Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis With Acetazolamide. Effect on the Length of Mechanical Ventilation. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01146288 — Effect of Acetazolamide and Furosemide on Obesity-induced Glomerular Hyperfiltration (COMPLETED) NA NCT01003639 — Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Factors influencing the efficacy of surgical repair for spontaneous middle cranial fossa CSF leaks: a systematic review and meta-analyses (Neurosurgical review, 2025) Cochrane review Acetazolamide for metabolic alkalosis complicating respiratory failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a systematic review (Thorax, 2023) Cochrane review Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Effectiveness of Topiramate Versus Acetazolamide in the Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2025) Meta-analysis Pharmacologic treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998) Systematic review Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : a systematic review (The journal of headache and pain, 2025) Systematic review Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review on Clinical Course, Treatments, Delivery and Maternal-Fetal Outcome (European journal of neurology, 2025) Systematic review Weight Management Interventions for Adults With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations (Neurology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment (Chest, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of early administration of acetazolamide on the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obesity-hypoventilation syndrome with metabolic alkalosis. A randomized trial (Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Role of vitamin A metabolism in IIH: Results from the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial (Journal of the neurological sciences, 2017) Clinical trial publication Pseudotumor cerebri: What We Have Learned from the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01003639 — Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	2 trials 2 Meta-analysis 16 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00185094 — A Comparison of the Effect of Olmesartan Medoxomil, Losartan Potassium, and Atenolol on the Ability of Overweight Patients With High Blood Pressure to Respond to Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03105661 — Use of Impedance Cardiography to Decrease the Risk of Pre-eclampsia in Obese Patients (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Cardiovascular Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity surgery, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Weight Excess Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2020) Clinical trial publication Risk of hospitalized and non-hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding in ALLHAT trial participants receiving diuretic, ACE-inhibitor, or calcium-channel blocker (PloS one, 2021) Clinical trial publication Racial differences in incident atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients during antihypertensive therapy (American journal of hypertension, 2014) Clinical trial publication The beta-1 adrenergic antagonist, atenolol, decreases acylation stimulating protein, exercise capacity and plasma free fatty acids in men with type 2 diabetes (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2012) Clinical trial publication Impact of abdominal obesity on incidence of adverse metabolic effects associated with antihypertensive medications (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2010) Clinical trial publication Effect of metformin on weight gain during antihypertensive treatment with a beta-blocker in Chinese patients (American journal of hypertension, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AZATHIOPRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Whey and soy protein supplements changes body composition in patients with Crohn's disease undergoing azathioprine and anti-TNF-alpha therapy (Nutricion hospitalaria, 2015) Clinical trial publication Pulse versus oral methylprednisolone therapy in pemphigus vulgaris (Archives of Iranian medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Response of crescentic Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis to corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy (Clinical nephrology, 1998) Clinical trial publication Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver transplant recipients (Transplantation, 1995) Clinical trial publication Initial steroid-free versus steroid-based maintenance therapy and steroid withdrawal after heart transplantation: two views of the steroid question (The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 1992) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	6 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05387798 — A Phase 3 Extension Study of RAD011 (Cannabidiol Oral Solution) in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT05098509 — A Study to Assess RAD011 (Cannabidiol Oral Solution) for the Treatment of Participants With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT03458416 — A Study to Assess the Long-Term Safety of Pharmaceutical Grade Synthetic Cannabidiol Oral Solution in Participants With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT06648031 — Comparison of the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of DehydraTECH -CBD and DehydraTECH-GLP1 Agonists Alone or in Combination, in Overweight or Obese, Pre- and Type 2 Diabetic Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02844933 — Cannabidiol Oral Solution for the Treatment of Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05574049 — Weight Loss, Blood Sugar and Blood Lipid Effects of Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) Impregnated Mucoadhesive Strips (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Short-Term Low Dose Cannabidiol Does Not Influence Glucose Tolerance or the Gut Microbiome in Sedentary Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Pilot Study (Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alterations to sphingolipid metabolism from antipsychotic administration in healthy volunteers are restored following the use of cannabidiol (Psychiatry research, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00775814 — Efficacy of Candesartan on Reducing Blood Pressure in Insulin-Resistant, Obese Patients With Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00871871 — Multiple Dose Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Isosorbide Mononitrate on Glucose Homeostasis (MK-0000-117)(Completed) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00239538 — SMOOTH - Blood Pressure Control in Diabetic/Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03476551 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Hydrochlorothiazide (RECRUITING) NCT00459056 — The Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Controlled Release (CR) in Abdominally Obese Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01983462 — Vascular Dysfunction in Human Obesity Hypertension (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01138423 — Treatment of Adiposity Related hypErTension (TARGET) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00282178 — Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial Comparing Metabolic Effects of Candesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide and Placebo (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHLORTHALIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 7 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03006796 — Observational Study of Azilsartan/Chlorthalidone and Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension and Obesity. (COMPLETED) NCT04519164 — Aldosterone, the Mineralocorticoid Receptor, and Cardiovascular Disease in Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Risk of hospitalized and non-hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding in ALLHAT trial participants receiving diuretic, ACE-inhibitor, or calcium-channel blocker (PloS one, 2021) Clinical trial publication Atrial fibrillation at baseline and during follow-up in ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009) Clinical trial publication Relationships of quality-of-life measures to long-term lifestyle and drug treatment in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (Archives of internal medicine, 1997) Clinical trial publication Glucose and insulin levels during diuretic therapy in hypertensive men (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1994) Clinical trial publication Effect of withdrawal of antihypertensive drug on depressive mood (American journal of hypertension, 1993) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03848481 — CBDV vs Placebo in Children and Adults up to Age 30 With Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00362089 — Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Lactation and Body Fat Mass in Newborns (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Cannabinoids for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review (Pharmacotherapy, 2024) Clinical trial publication Human abuse potential and cognitive effects of taranabant, a cannabinoid 1 receptor inverse agonist: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, crossover study in recreational polydrug users (Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00775814 — Efficacy of Candesartan on Reducing Blood Pressure in Insulin-Resistant, Obese Patients With Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00871871 — Multiple Dose Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Isosorbide Mononitrate on Glucose Homeostasis (MK-0000-117)(Completed) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00239538 — SMOOTH - Blood Pressure Control in Diabetic/Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00987662 — Irbesartan Versus Amlodipine: The OBI Study (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT03476551 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Hydrochlorothiazide (RECRUITING) NCT00459056 — The Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Controlled Release (CR) in Abdominally Obese Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03006796 — Observational Study of Azilsartan/Chlorthalidone and Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension and Obesity. (COMPLETED) NCT00289887 — Obese Hypertension Study (0954-315) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy of Antihypertensive Agents in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis (American journal of hypertension, 2018) Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Clinical trial publication Effects of a polypill on circulating levels of resistin and visfatin in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A five-year clinical trial (PloS one, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Firibastat, A First-in-Class Brain Aminopeptidase A Inhibitor, in Hypertensive Overweight Patients of Multiple Ethnic Origins (Circulation, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and tolerability of triple-combination therapy with olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide: a subgroup analysis of patients stratified by hypertension severity, age, sex, and obesity (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2014) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, sympathoinhibition and diuretic therapy on endothelial function and blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial (Journal of hypertension, 2013) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of early versus late titration of fixed-dose irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide: ACTUAL study (Blood pressure. Supplement, 2011) Randomized controlled trial Aliskiren-based dual- and triple-combination therapies in high-risk US minority patients with stage 2 hypertension (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 114 Cochrane 95 Meta-analysis 138 Trial pubs 121 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04122716 — Combined Effects of GLP-1 Analogue and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After Very-low Calorie Diet (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04903509 — A Study in Men With Overweight to Test How Well Different Doses of BI 1820237 Are Tolerated When Given as an Injection Alone or in Combination With Liraglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06217848 — The Effect of GLP-1 Agonist in Patients With Hypothalamic Obesity: Prospective, Pilot Study (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03757130 — Multiple Ascending Dose Study of AMG 598 in Adults With Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03479762 — In Market Utilisation of Liraglutide Used for Weight Management in the UK: a Study in the CPRD Primary Care Database (COMPLETED) NCT06533527 — Holding vs. Continuing Incretin-based Therapies Before Upper Endoscopy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03374956 — Individualized Obesity Pharmacotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Therapeutic Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) Cochrane review Pulmonary adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of respiratory safety signals (Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports, 2026) Cochrane review Pharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and rotator cuff disease: a scoping review (BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026) Cochrane review Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians (Annals of internal medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis GLP-1RA- and Incretin-Based Therapies Within Lifestyle Interventions for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2026) Meta-analysis Novel Amylin-Based Therapies for Weight Management in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of pharmacotherapies for obesity with sleeve gastrectomy: a network meta-analysis and systematic review (Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight Loss With GLP-1 Agonists in Nondiabetic Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026) Systematic review GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2026) Systematic review Metabolic Benefits vs. Cardiovascular Uncertainty: A Critical Review of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 5 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00541567 — BMS-646256 in Obese and Overweight Type 2 Diabetics (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06059287 — The Effect of Henagliflozin and Metformin on Myocardial Tissue-level Characteristics (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02798172 — The Effect of Alogliptin on Pulmonary Function in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT07502001 — Influence of HDM1005 on Gastric Emptying and Pharmacokinetics of Metformin, Atorvastatin, Warfarin, and Digoxin (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT06860841 — Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol Combined with Metformin on Insulin Resistance in People with Overweight or Obesity and T2DM (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT06995339 — Comparative Clinical and Biochemical Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Metformin Versus Febuxostat on Gouty Obese Non-Diabetic Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02635386 — EQW, DAPA, EQW/DAPA, DAPA/MET ER and PHEN/TPM ER in Obese Women With PolycysticOvary Syndrome (PCOS) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Clinical trial publication No effect of a low dose of metformin on the lipid profile, body mass index and weight gain in pregnant women with obesity: A randomized trial (Obesity research & clinical practice, 2020) Clinical trial publication Effects of SLC22A1 Polymorphisms on Metformin-Induced Reductions in Adiposity and Metformin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Children With Insulin Resistance (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication Effect of metformin on the level of anti-Mullerian hormone in therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese women (Minerva ginecologica, 2014) Clinical trial publication Effects of metformin hydrochloride on blood glucose and insulin responses to oral dextrose in horses (Equine veterinary journal, 2013) Clinical trial publication Metformin extended release treatment of adolescent obesity: a 48-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 48-week follow-up (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABILONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04801641 — A Pilot Trial of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity (TERMINATED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Feasibility and Tolerability of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 59 Cochrane 61 Meta-analysis 127 Trial pubs 100 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07437001 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Central Obesity and Fatty Liver in Postmenopausal Women (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT02069197 — Ketogenic Diet Treatment of Obesity With Co-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obstructive Sleep Apnea (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00152360 — The Effect of Xenical on Weight and Risk Factors (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05496075 — Orlistat Reduces Uric Acid in Overweight/Obese Patients With Hyperuricemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00829283 — Treatment of Obesity and Binge Eating: Behavioral Weight Loss Versus Stepped Care (COMPLETED) NA NCT00001723 — Safety and Efficacy of Xenical in Children and Adolescents With Obesity-Related Diseases (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01170806 — Study of Fat Malabsorption by Lipiblock Versus Xenical (COMPLETED) NA NCT00991926 — Growth Factor/Insulin-like Growth Factor (GH/IGF)-1 Axis in Obese Subjects in Treatment With Orlistat (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review The Effects of Exercise Combined with Pharmacotherapy on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology Study (Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026) Cochrane review Comparison of pharmacotherapies for obesity with sleeve gastrectomy: a network meta-analysis and systematic review (Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Effect of bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatments on cardiovascular risk factors for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (International journal of surgery (London, England), 2026) Cochrane review Long-Term Effects of Orlistat on Lipid Metabolism and Anthropometric Indices: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (Journal of obesity, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight-Lowering Drugs and Natural Female Fertility-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical obesity, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight Loss Medications for Adult Patients With Obesity and Binge Eating-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2026) Clinical trial publication Diet strategies for maintaining substantial therapeutic weight loss: 78-week mixed methods randomised trial (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2025) Clinical trial publication The Supportive Effect of Acarbose to Orlistat in Weight Management-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multiarm Phase 2 Trial (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025) Clinical trial publication A Comparative Analysis of the Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of 2 Controlled-Release Formulations Versus a Marketed Orlistat Product (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of Silibinin on Human Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of orlistat in male patients with overweight/obesity and hyperuricemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Lipids in health and disease, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBAVIRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Impact of obesity on the bioavailability of peginterferon-α2a and ribavirin and treatment outcome for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 (PloS one, 2012) Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial of double versus triple therapy with amantadine for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in Latino patients (Digestive diseases and sciences, 2010) Clinical trial publication Clinical implications of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter study of U.S. veterans (Digestive diseases and sciences, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RIMONABANT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 Cochrane 13 Meta-analysis 23 Trial pubs 22 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00412698 — European Trial About Effect of RimoNabant on Abdominal Obese Patients With dysLipidemia (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00325546 — Study of Weight-Reducing Effect and Safety of Rimonabant In Obesity in ASIA (RIO-ASIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00481975 — Efficacy and Safety of Rimonabant on Weight Loss and Frequency of Binge Episodes in Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00459004 — Japanese Dose-Response Study of Rimonabant in Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00546325 — REASSURE: The Effect of Rimonabant on HbA1c in Overweight or Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled on 2 Oral Antidiabetic Agents (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00449605 — A Glycemic Control Evaluation of Glimepiride Versus Rimonabant on Top of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00405808 — Rimonabant in Abdominally Obese Patients With Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00525681 — Interaction Between Rimonabant and Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Cochrane review Effect of anti-obesity drug on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (PloS one, 2012) Cochrane review What is the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using drugs in treating obese patients in primary care? A systematic review (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2012) Meta-analysis The effect of antiobesity drugs on waist circumference: a mixed treatment comparison (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2014) Systematic review Impact of CB1 receptor antagonism on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic health: a systematic review of preclinical studies (Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025) Systematic review Sex, race, and BMI in clinical trials of medications for obesity over the past three decades: a systematic review (The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2024) Systematic review Psychotropic treatments in Prader-Willi syndrome: a critical review of published literature (European journal of pediatrics, 2016) Clinical trial publication The CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin Reduces Default Mode Network and Increases Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity in Healthy Volunteers (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2015) Clinical trial publication Neural effects of cannabinoid CB1 neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin on food reward and aversion in healthy volunteers (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of rimonabant in obese patients with binge eating disorder (Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULTHIAME Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 31 Cochrane 29 Meta-analysis 32 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02659475 — Phentermine/Topiramate Extended Release in Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00231621 — A Study on Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in Treatment of Obese Subjects With Dyslipidemia (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00806260 — A Study to Evaluate How VI-0521 Affect Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Overweight and Obese Subjects. (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02810483 — Study of the Efficacy of Topiramate in Patients With Prader Willi Syndrome Over 8 Weeks (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02635386 — EQW, DAPA, EQW/DAPA, DAPA/MET ER and PHEN/TPM ER in Obese Women With PolycysticOvary Syndrome (PCOS) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03374956 — Individualized Obesity Pharmacotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05834062 — Phentermine/Topiramate as Preventive Pharmacotherapy for Obesity (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00563368 — A Study Comparing Multiple Doses of VI-0521 With Placebo and Their Single-agent Constituents for Treatment of Obesity in Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Pharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians (Annals of internal medicine, 2026) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Incretin-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Binge Eating-A Systematic Review (Pharmacotherapy, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review of influence of ethnicity on efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for childhood and adolescent obesity (Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2026) Meta-analysis [A meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of anti-obesity medications in the treatment of childhood obesity] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2025) Meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults (Nature medicine, 2025) Meta-analysis Quantitative analysis of the efficacy characteristics and influencing factors of weight loss drugs in children and adolescents (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Interventions in Managing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Youth Living with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025) Systematic review Mental health outcomes in obesity interventions with GLP-1 receptor agonists: is it similar to other obesity interventions? A narrative review with systematic evidence synthesis (International journal of obesity (2005), 2026) Clinical trial publication Addition of Phentermine-Topiramate to a Digitally Enhanced Lifestyle Intervention: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026) Clinical trial publication Predictors of BMI reduction with phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity (International journal of obesity (2005), 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Effects of eplerenone on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in Japanese hypertensives with overweight or obesity (Medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMITIFADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICTEGRAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAGRILINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CGP-71683A	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPICLERMIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORAVIRINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECNOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELORALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GULGAFAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVONORGESTREL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARIDEBART CAFRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARVELON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPHENIDATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIBAVADEMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRIKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETATRUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUGAMMADEX	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TARANABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIBEGRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZONISAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
20-HYDROXYECDYSONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACARBOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACIPIMOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APITEGROMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATOMOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD2207	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZELAPRAG	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOFANGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BREMELANOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-326597	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANTROLENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENATONIUM ACETATE MONOHYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFINOPEGDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFSUBAGLUTIDE ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMUGROBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUCOXANTHIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBIPINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPACHONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAT-8881	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINTITRIPT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIXISENATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOTIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY377604	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MACUPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-8025	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONLUNABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NT-0796	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBINEPITIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFIRNOFLAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLATOREPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLEOYLESTRONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEPTIDE YY HUMAN (3-36)	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETRELINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-102	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUERARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSE-010	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELADELPAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£8 / 4–8 tabs (generic) · US $5–$15 / 10-30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURVODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALDEFGROBEP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEBIPENEM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESOFENSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLIMIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUSAL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
USISTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UTENPANIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELNEPERIT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISANTRENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENPP1 INHIBITOR 27 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ENPP1 INHIBITOR 29F Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISM5939 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VIZENPISTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALBUTEROL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-7687	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARDOXOLONE METHYL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELORANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-830216	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLULINTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFPEGERGLUCAGON	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GABAPENTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARETOSMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GDC-0152	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1521498	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-13739	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KD3010	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRELEPTIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOR-NOHA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMARIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAR425899	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELONABANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PENTABORATE PENTAHYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREVOGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRODUSQUEMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZALFERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1,2,4-TRIAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AIR, MEDICAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIBEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASIATICOSIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZETIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZIMIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBON DIOXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETILISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLESTYRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CINNAMON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPEPOFOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROXIFAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESFLURANE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXFENFLURAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLPROPION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DINOPROSTONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESKETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENFLURAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENTANYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FR-79620	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARLIC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINGER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW501516	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW590735	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HENAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSITOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DETEMIR	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRON ISOMALTOSIDE 1000	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINOLEIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZINDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLNALTREXONE BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METYRAPONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCTREOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PD-170292	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENDIMETRAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENMETRAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPYLHEXEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PURINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRROLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIMAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RISPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SETMELANOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVOFLURANE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIBUTRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SNAP-7941	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOMATROPIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFANILAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMADOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANEXAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
AMITIFADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICTEGRAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAGRILINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CGP-71683A	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPICLERMIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORAVIRINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECNOGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELORALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GULGAFAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXEKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVONORGESTREL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARIDEBART CAFRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARVELON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPHENIDATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIBAVADEMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRIKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORFORGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTENABANT HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETATRUTIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUGAMMADEX	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TARANABANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR ALAFENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIBEGRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZONISAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
20-HYDROXYECDYSONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACARBOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACIPIMOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALENIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APITEGROMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATOMOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD2207	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZELAPRAG	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOFANGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BREMELANOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CE-326597	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLENBUTEROL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLCHICINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANTROLENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPIGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVALINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENATONIUM ACETATE MONOHYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFINOPEGDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFSUBAGLUTIDE ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMUGROBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIGALOCATECHIN GALLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUCOXANTHIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBIPINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPACHONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAT-8881	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINTITRIPT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIXISENATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOTIGLIPRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY377604	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MACUPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MBX-8025	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	7 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 9 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00679653 — Blood Pressure and Weight Trajectory on a Dual Antihypertensive Combination Plus Sibutramine Versus Placebo in Obese Hypertensives (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03519906 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Metoprolol (RECRUITING) NCT04049786 — Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetic Study of Simvastatin and Carvedilol (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03845075 — 48 Weeks, Study to Evaluate Overall Safety and Tolerability of Co-administration of Tesofensine and Metoprolol in Subjects With Hypothalamic Injury-induced Obesity (HIO) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00993421 — A Weight Loss Study in Overweight Men and Women (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05198362 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Prader-Willi Syndrome (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT05147415 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Hypothalamic Obesity (HO) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Meta-analysis Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Cardiovascular Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity surgery, 2026) Clinical trial publication Randomized controlled trial of Tesomet for weight loss in hypothalamic obesity (European journal of endocrinology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Optimal treatment of obesity-related hypertension: the Hypertension-Obesity-Sibutramine (HOS) study (Circulation, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effects of ACE inhibitor fosinopril on a 24-h profile of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients with obesity and hypercholesterolemia] (Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2005) Clinical trial publication Effects of moxonidine vs. metoprolol on blood pressure and metabolic control in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes (Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2004) Clinical trial publication Paradoxical effect of sibutramine on autonomic cardiovascular regulation (Circulation, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0736	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONLUNABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 22 Trial pubs 19 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04474509 — ACTyourCHANGE Study Protocol. Promoting Healthy Lifestyle With ACT for Obesity (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05136430 — A Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention for Overweight and Obese Smokers (COMPLETED) NA NCT00841334 — Adolescents Committed to Nutrition and Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT05241353 — Project THRIVE: Evaluating Different Approaches to Dietary Self-Monitoring for Weight Loss (COMPLETED) NA NCT01867983 — Comparative Effectiveness of Adding Weight Control to Smoking Cessation Quitlines (COMPLETED) NA NCT02502383 — ACTION PAC: Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition & Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT04332029 — Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers With Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT03036696 — The BEACH Interview Study- Pregnant and Breastfeeding Mothers (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders - a systematic review (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Assessment of the Potential of GLP-1 Analogs in the Treatment of Addictions: A Literature Review (Substance use & addiction journal, 2026) Cochrane review Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review (European journal of pediatrics, 2025) Cochrane review Global prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the Life's Essential 8 score: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Cardiovascular research, 2024) Cochrane review [Smoking and Breastfeeding - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines on the management for Smoking Management During Pregnancy] (Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie, 2020) Meta-analysis Inhibitory control training and unhealthy behaviours: a meta-analysis testing short and long- term effects in clinical and at-risk populations (Scientific reports, 2026) Meta-analysis Genetic risk factors for pneumonia differ by patient subgroup (EBioMedicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to Life's Essential 8 in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries (Pediatric obesity, 2025) Meta-analysis Causal effects from tobacco smoking initiation on obesity-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study (International journal of obesity (2005), 2023) Systematic review Behavior Change Techniques in Digital Health Interventions for Promoting Adolescent Health Behaviors: Systematic Umbrella Review (JMIR mental health, 2026) Systematic review Reducing craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction, obesity or overeating through neuromodulation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its follow-up effects (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022) Clinical trial publication P-15 Peptide Enhanced Bone Graft Improves Time to Fusion in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Randomized, Controlled, Investigational Device Exemption Study (Spine, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NT-0796	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBINEPITIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFIRNOFLAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLATOREPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLEOYLESTRONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEPTIDE YY HUMAN (3-36)	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETRELINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PG-102	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMLINTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUERARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSE-010	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALMETEROL XINAFOATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELADELPAR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£8 / 4–8 tabs (generic) · US $5–$15 / 10-30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURVODUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALDEFGROBEP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEBIPENEM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESOFENSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLIMIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUSAL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
USISTAPIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UTENPANIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELNEPERIT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALBUTEROL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCOHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-7687	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BARDOXOLONE METHYL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELORANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-830216	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOPIDOGREL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLULINTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFPEGERGLUCAGON	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GABAPENTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARETOSMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GDC-0152	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-1521498	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCB-13739	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KD3010	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRELEPTIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIACINAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOR-NOHA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMARIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIOGLITAZONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOXAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOGLIFLOZIN ETABONATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAR425899	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELONABANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PENTABORATE PENTAHYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROCANNABIVARIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREVOGRUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRODUSQUEMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZALFERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1,2,4-TRIAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AIR, MEDICAL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIBEGRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASIATICOSIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVEXITIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZETIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZIMIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBON DIOXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETILISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLESTYRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CINNAMON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPEPOFOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROXIFAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESFLURANE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXFENFLURAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICLOFENAC SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLPROPION	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DINOPROSTONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESKETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENFLURAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENTANYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FR-79620	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARLIC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMIGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINGER	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE 1	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GONADORELIN ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW501516	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GW590735	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HENAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDRALAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOSITOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN DETEMIR	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRON ISOMALTOSIDE 1000	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINOLEIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORCASERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAZINDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLNALTREXONE BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METYRAPONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCTREOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PD-170292	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENDIMETRAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENMETRAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTERMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPYLHEXEDRINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PURINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRROLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIMAZOLAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RISPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM BROMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SETMELANOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVOFLURANE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIBUTRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SNAP-7941	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOMATROPIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFANILAMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMADOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRANEXAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	4 trials 3 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 7 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06110078 — Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors and Carbonation: A Novel Approach to Reduce Soda Consumption (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT01499485 — Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis With Acetazolamide. Effect on the Length of Mechanical Ventilation. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01146288 — Effect of Acetazolamide and Furosemide on Obesity-induced Glomerular Hyperfiltration (COMPLETED) NA NCT01003639 — Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Factors influencing the efficacy of surgical repair for spontaneous middle cranial fossa CSF leaks: a systematic review and meta-analyses (Neurosurgical review, 2025) Cochrane review Acetazolamide for metabolic alkalosis complicating respiratory failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a systematic review (Thorax, 2023) Cochrane review Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Effectiveness of Topiramate Versus Acetazolamide in the Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2025) Meta-analysis Pharmacologic treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998) Systematic review Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension : a systematic review (The journal of headache and pain, 2025) Systematic review Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Pregnancy. A Systematic Review on Clinical Course, Treatments, Delivery and Maternal-Fetal Outcome (European journal of neurology, 2025) Systematic review Weight Management Interventions for Adults With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Practice Recommendations (Neurology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Acetazolamide Plus Atomoxetine for Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Treatment (Chest, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of early administration of acetazolamide on the duration of mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or obesity-hypoventilation syndrome with metabolic alkalosis. A randomized trial (Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Role of vitamin A metabolism in IIH: Results from the idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial (Journal of the neurological sciences, 2017) Clinical trial publication Pseudotumor cerebri: What We Have Learned from the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (Rhode Island medical journal (2013), 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01003639 — Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATENOLOL Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	2 trials 2 Meta-analysis 16 Trial pubs 15 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00185094 — A Comparison of the Effect of Olmesartan Medoxomil, Losartan Potassium, and Atenolol on the Ability of Overweight Patients With High Blood Pressure to Respond to Insulin (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03105661 — Use of Impedance Cardiography to Decrease the Risk of Pre-eclampsia in Obese Patients (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Cardiovascular Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity surgery, 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Weight Excess Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2020) Clinical trial publication Risk of hospitalized and non-hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding in ALLHAT trial participants receiving diuretic, ACE-inhibitor, or calcium-channel blocker (PloS one, 2021) Clinical trial publication Racial differences in incident atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients during antihypertensive therapy (American journal of hypertension, 2014) Clinical trial publication The beta-1 adrenergic antagonist, atenolol, decreases acylation stimulating protein, exercise capacity and plasma free fatty acids in men with type 2 diabetes (Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2012) Clinical trial publication Impact of abdominal obesity on incidence of adverse metabolic effects associated with antihypertensive medications (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2010) Clinical trial publication Effect of metformin on weight gain during antihypertensive treatment with a beta-blocker in Chinese patients (American journal of hypertension, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AZATHIOPRINE Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Whey and soy protein supplements changes body composition in patients with Crohn's disease undergoing azathioprine and anti-TNF-alpha therapy (Nutricion hospitalaria, 2015) Clinical trial publication Pulse versus oral methylprednisolone therapy in pemphigus vulgaris (Archives of Iranian medicine, 2007) Clinical trial publication Response of crescentic Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis to corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy (Clinical nephrology, 1998) Clinical trial publication Weaning of immunosuppression in long-term liver transplant recipients (Transplantation, 1995) Clinical trial publication Initial steroid-free versus steroid-based maintenance therapy and steroid withdrawal after heart transplantation: two views of the steroid question (The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 1992) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	6 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05387798 — A Phase 3 Extension Study of RAD011 (Cannabidiol Oral Solution) in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT05098509 — A Study to Assess RAD011 (Cannabidiol Oral Solution) for the Treatment of Participants With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT03458416 — A Study to Assess the Long-Term Safety of Pharmaceutical Grade Synthetic Cannabidiol Oral Solution in Participants With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT06648031 — Comparison of the Safety, Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of DehydraTECH -CBD and DehydraTECH-GLP1 Agonists Alone or in Combination, in Overweight or Obese, Pre- and Type 2 Diabetic Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02844933 — Cannabidiol Oral Solution for the Treatment of Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05574049 — Weight Loss, Blood Sugar and Blood Lipid Effects of Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) Impregnated Mucoadhesive Strips (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Short-Term Low Dose Cannabidiol Does Not Influence Glucose Tolerance or the Gut Microbiome in Sedentary Adults with Overweight and Obesity: Pilot Study (Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alterations to sphingolipid metabolism from antipsychotic administration in healthy volunteers are restored following the use of cannabidiol (Psychiatry research, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00775814 — Efficacy of Candesartan on Reducing Blood Pressure in Insulin-Resistant, Obese Patients With Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00871871 — Multiple Dose Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Isosorbide Mononitrate on Glucose Homeostasis (MK-0000-117)(Completed) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00239538 — SMOOTH - Blood Pressure Control in Diabetic/Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03476551 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Hydrochlorothiazide (RECRUITING) NCT00459056 — The Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Controlled Release (CR) in Abdominally Obese Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01983462 — Vascular Dysfunction in Human Obesity Hypertension (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01138423 — Treatment of Adiposity Related hypErTension (TARGET) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00282178 — Double-Blind Randomized Cross-Over Trial Comparing Metabolic Effects of Candesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide and Placebo (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHLORTHALIDONE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 7 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03006796 — Observational Study of Azilsartan/Chlorthalidone and Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension and Obesity. (COMPLETED) NCT04519164 — Aldosterone, the Mineralocorticoid Receptor, and Cardiovascular Disease in Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Risk of hospitalized and non-hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding in ALLHAT trial participants receiving diuretic, ACE-inhibitor, or calcium-channel blocker (PloS one, 2021) Clinical trial publication Atrial fibrillation at baseline and during follow-up in ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial) (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2009) Clinical trial publication Relationships of quality-of-life measures to long-term lifestyle and drug treatment in the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (Archives of internal medicine, 1997) Clinical trial publication Glucose and insulin levels during diuretic therapy in hypertensive men (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1994) Clinical trial publication Effect of withdrawal of antihypertensive drug on depressive mood (American journal of hypertension, 1993) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03848481 — CBDV vs Placebo in Children and Adults up to Age 30 With Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00362089 — Fatty Acids During Pregnancy and Lactation and Body Fat Mass in Newborns (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Cannabinoids for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review (Pharmacotherapy, 2024) Clinical trial publication Human abuse potential and cognitive effects of taranabant, a cannabinoid 1 receptor inverse agonist: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, crossover study in recreational polydrug users (Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00775814 — Efficacy of Candesartan on Reducing Blood Pressure in Insulin-Resistant, Obese Patients With Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00871871 — Multiple Dose Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Isosorbide Mononitrate on Glucose Homeostasis (MK-0000-117)(Completed) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00239538 — SMOOTH - Blood Pressure Control in Diabetic/Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00987662 — Irbesartan Versus Amlodipine: The OBI Study (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT03476551 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Hydrochlorothiazide (RECRUITING) NCT00459056 — The Vascular Effects of Carvedilol Controlled Release (CR) in Abdominally Obese Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03006796 — Observational Study of Azilsartan/Chlorthalidone and Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension and Obesity. (COMPLETED) NCT00289887 — Obese Hypertension Study (0954-315) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy of Antihypertensive Agents in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis (American journal of hypertension, 2018) Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Clinical trial publication Effects of a polypill on circulating levels of resistin and visfatin in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A five-year clinical trial (PloS one, 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Firibastat, A First-in-Class Brain Aminopeptidase A Inhibitor, in Hypertensive Overweight Patients of Multiple Ethnic Origins (Circulation, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and tolerability of triple-combination therapy with olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide: a subgroup analysis of patients stratified by hypertension severity, age, sex, and obesity (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2014) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, sympathoinhibition and diuretic therapy on endothelial function and blood pressure in obesity-related hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial (Journal of hypertension, 2013) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of early versus late titration of fixed-dose irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide: ACTUAL study (Blood pressure. Supplement, 2011) Randomized controlled trial Aliskiren-based dual- and triple-combination therapies in high-risk US minority patients with stage 2 hypertension (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 114 Cochrane 95 Meta-analysis 138 Trial pubs 121 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04122716 — Combined Effects of GLP-1 Analogue and Exercise on Maintenance of Weight Loss and Health After Very-low Calorie Diet (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04903509 — A Study in Men With Overweight to Test How Well Different Doses of BI 1820237 Are Tolerated When Given as an Injection Alone or in Combination With Liraglutide (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06217848 — The Effect of GLP-1 Agonist in Patients With Hypothalamic Obesity: Prospective, Pilot Study (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03757130 — Multiple Ascending Dose Study of AMG 598 in Adults With Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03479762 — In Market Utilisation of Liraglutide Used for Weight Management in the UK: a Study in the CPRD Primary Care Database (COMPLETED) NCT06533527 — Holding vs. Continuing Incretin-based Therapies Before Upper Endoscopy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03374956 — Individualized Obesity Pharmacotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Therapeutic Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) Cochrane review Pulmonary adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of respiratory safety signals (Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports, 2026) Cochrane review Pharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and rotator cuff disease: a scoping review (BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026) Cochrane review Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians (Annals of internal medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis GLP-1RA- and Incretin-Based Therapies Within Lifestyle Interventions for Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2026) Meta-analysis Novel Amylin-Based Therapies for Weight Management in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis (Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Cardiometabolic Profiles of Oral and Subcutaneous Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Mono-Agonists in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Comparison of pharmacotherapies for obesity with sleeve gastrectomy: a network meta-analysis and systematic review (Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight Loss With GLP-1 Agonists in Nondiabetic Adults: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026) Systematic review GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: Clinical Outcomes and the Impact of Nutritional and Behavioral Co-Interventions-A Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2026) Systematic review Metabolic Benefits vs. Cardiovascular Uncertainty: A Critical Review of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 1 Diabetes (International journal of molecular sciences, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via COXFA4L2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 5 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00541567 — BMS-646256 in Obese and Overweight Type 2 Diabetics (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01234649 — Combined Liraglutide and Metformin Therapy in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06059287 — The Effect of Henagliflozin and Metformin on Myocardial Tissue-level Characteristics (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02798172 — The Effect of Alogliptin on Pulmonary Function in Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Metformin Monotherapy (COMPLETED) NA NCT07502001 — Influence of HDM1005 on Gastric Emptying and Pharmacokinetics of Metformin, Atorvastatin, Warfarin, and Digoxin (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT06860841 — Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol Combined with Metformin on Insulin Resistance in People with Overweight or Obesity and T2DM (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT06995339 — Comparative Clinical and Biochemical Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of Metformin Versus Febuxostat on Gouty Obese Non-Diabetic Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02635386 — EQW, DAPA, EQW/DAPA, DAPA/MET ER and PHEN/TPM ER in Obese Women With PolycysticOvary Syndrome (PCOS) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Clinical trial publication No effect of a low dose of metformin on the lipid profile, body mass index and weight gain in pregnant women with obesity: A randomized trial (Obesity research & clinical practice, 2020) Clinical trial publication Effects of SLC22A1 Polymorphisms on Metformin-Induced Reductions in Adiposity and Metformin Pharmacokinetics in Obese Children With Insulin Resistance (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication Effect of metformin on the level of anti-Mullerian hormone in therapy of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese women (Minerva ginecologica, 2014) Clinical trial publication Effects of metformin hydrochloride on blood glucose and insulin responses to oral dextrose in horses (Equine veterinary journal, 2013) Clinical trial publication Metformin extended release treatment of adolescent obesity: a 48-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 48-week follow-up (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	7 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 9 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00679653 — Blood Pressure and Weight Trajectory on a Dual Antihypertensive Combination Plus Sibutramine Versus Placebo in Obese Hypertensives (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03519906 — Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Metoprolol (RECRUITING) NCT04049786 — Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Pharmacokinetic Study of Simvastatin and Carvedilol (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT03845075 — 48 Weeks, Study to Evaluate Overall Safety and Tolerability of Co-administration of Tesofensine and Metoprolol in Subjects With Hypothalamic Injury-induced Obesity (HIO) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00993421 — A Weight Loss Study in Overweight Men and Women (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05198362 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Prader-Willi Syndrome (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT05147415 — Study of Tesomet With Open-label Extension in Subjects With Hypothalamic Obesity (HO) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Meta-analysis Effects of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics of Cardiovascular Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity surgery, 2026) Clinical trial publication Randomized controlled trial of Tesomet for weight loss in hypothalamic obesity (European journal of endocrinology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Optimal treatment of obesity-related hypertension: the Hypertension-Obesity-Sibutramine (HOS) study (Circulation, 2007) Clinical trial publication [Effects of ACE inhibitor fosinopril on a 24-h profile of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients with obesity and hypercholesterolemia] (Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2005) Clinical trial publication Effects of moxonidine vs. metoprolol on blood pressure and metabolic control in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes (Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2004) Clinical trial publication Paradoxical effect of sibutramine on autonomic cardiovascular regulation (Circulation, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABILONE Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04801641 — A Pilot Trial of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity (TERMINATED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Feasibility and Tolerability of Nabilone for the Treatment of Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Cannabis and cannabinoid research, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 12 Meta-analysis 22 Trial pubs 19 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04474509 — ACTyourCHANGE Study Protocol. Promoting Healthy Lifestyle With ACT for Obesity (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05136430 — A Multiple Health Behavior Change Intervention for Overweight and Obese Smokers (COMPLETED) NA NCT00841334 — Adolescents Committed to Nutrition and Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT05241353 — Project THRIVE: Evaluating Different Approaches to Dietary Self-Monitoring for Weight Loss (COMPLETED) NA NCT01867983 — Comparative Effectiveness of Adding Weight Control to Smoking Cessation Quitlines (COMPLETED) NA NCT02502383 — ACTION PAC: Adolescents Committed to Improvement of Nutrition & Physical Activity (COMPLETED) NA NCT04332029 — Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers With Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT03036696 — The BEACH Interview Study- Pregnant and Breastfeeding Mothers (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders - a systematic review (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Assessment of the Potential of GLP-1 Analogs in the Treatment of Addictions: A Literature Review (Substance use & addiction journal, 2026) Cochrane review Emerging cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review (European journal of pediatrics, 2025) Cochrane review Global prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors based on the Life's Essential 8 score: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis (Cardiovascular research, 2024) Cochrane review [Smoking and Breastfeeding - CNGOF-SFT Expert Report and Guidelines on the management for Smoking Management During Pregnancy] (Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie, 2020) Meta-analysis Inhibitory control training and unhealthy behaviours: a meta-analysis testing short and long- term effects in clinical and at-risk populations (Scientific reports, 2026) Meta-analysis Genetic risk factors for pneumonia differ by patient subgroup (EBioMedicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors according to Life's Essential 8 in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 1 526 173 participants from 42 countries (Pediatric obesity, 2025) Meta-analysis Causal effects from tobacco smoking initiation on obesity-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study (International journal of obesity (2005), 2023) Systematic review Behavior Change Techniques in Digital Health Interventions for Promoting Adolescent Health Behaviors: Systematic Umbrella Review (JMIR mental health, 2026) Systematic review Reducing craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction, obesity or overeating through neuromodulation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its follow-up effects (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022) Clinical trial publication P-15 Peptide Enhanced Bone Graft Improves Time to Fusion in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Randomized, Controlled, Investigational Device Exemption Study (Spine, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORLISTAT Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 59 Cochrane 61 Meta-analysis 127 Trial pubs 100 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07437001 — Effect of Electroacupuncture on Central Obesity and Fatty Liver in Postmenopausal Women (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT02069197 — Ketogenic Diet Treatment of Obesity With Co-morbid Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Obstructive Sleep Apnea (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00152360 — The Effect of Xenical on Weight and Risk Factors (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05496075 — Orlistat Reduces Uric Acid in Overweight/Obese Patients With Hyperuricemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00829283 — Treatment of Obesity and Binge Eating: Behavioral Weight Loss Versus Stepped Care (COMPLETED) NA NCT00001723 — Safety and Efficacy of Xenical in Children and Adolescents With Obesity-Related Diseases (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01170806 — Study of Fat Malabsorption by Lipiblock Versus Xenical (COMPLETED) NA NCT00991926 — Growth Factor/Insulin-like Growth Factor (GH/IGF)-1 Axis in Obese Subjects in Treatment With Orlistat (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review The Effects of Exercise Combined with Pharmacotherapy on Body Composition and Metabolic Parameters in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology Study (Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2026) Cochrane review Comparison of pharmacotherapies for obesity with sleeve gastrectomy: a network meta-analysis and systematic review (Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Effect of bariatric surgery and pharmacological treatments on cardiovascular risk factors for adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (International journal of surgery (London, England), 2026) Cochrane review Long-Term Effects of Orlistat on Lipid Metabolism and Anthropometric Indices: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials (Journal of obesity, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight-Lowering Drugs and Natural Female Fertility-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical obesity, 2026) Meta-analysis Weight Loss Medications for Adult Patients With Obesity and Binge Eating-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2026) Clinical trial publication Diet strategies for maintaining substantial therapeutic weight loss: 78-week mixed methods randomised trial (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2025) Clinical trial publication The Supportive Effect of Acarbose to Orlistat in Weight Management-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multiarm Phase 2 Trial (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025) Clinical trial publication A Comparative Analysis of the Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties of 2 Controlled-Release Formulations Versus a Marketed Orlistat Product (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of Silibinin on Human Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition and Gut Microbiota in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of orlistat in male patients with overweight/obesity and hyperuricemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Lipids in health and disease, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBAVIRIN Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Impact of obesity on the bioavailability of peginterferon-α2a and ribavirin and treatment outcome for chronic hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 (PloS one, 2012) Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial of double versus triple therapy with amantadine for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C in Latino patients (Digestive diseases and sciences, 2010) Clinical trial publication Clinical implications of hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter study of U.S. veterans (Digestive diseases and sciences, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RIMONABANT Repurposing via CNR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 Cochrane 13 Meta-analysis 23 Trial pubs 22 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00412698 — European Trial About Effect of RimoNabant on Abdominal Obese Patients With dysLipidemia (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00325546 — Study of Weight-Reducing Effect and Safety of Rimonabant In Obesity in ASIA (RIO-ASIA) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00481975 — Efficacy and Safety of Rimonabant on Weight Loss and Frequency of Binge Episodes in Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00459004 — Japanese Dose-Response Study of Rimonabant in Obese Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00546325 — REASSURE: The Effect of Rimonabant on HbA1c in Overweight or Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Not Adequately Controlled on 2 Oral Antidiabetic Agents (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00449605 — A Glycemic Control Evaluation of Glimepiride Versus Rimonabant on Top of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00405808 — Rimonabant in Abdominally Obese Patients With Impaired Fasting Blood Glucose (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00525681 — Interaction Between Rimonabant and Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021) Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in people with hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Long-term effects of weight-reducing drugs in hypertensive patients (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Cochrane review Effect of anti-obesity drug on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (PloS one, 2012) Cochrane review What is the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of using drugs in treating obese patients in primary care? A systematic review (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2012) Meta-analysis The effect of antiobesity drugs on waist circumference: a mixed treatment comparison (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2014) Systematic review Impact of CB1 receptor antagonism on skeletal muscle hypertrophy and metabolic health: a systematic review of preclinical studies (Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2025) Systematic review Sex, race, and BMI in clinical trials of medications for obesity over the past three decades: a systematic review (The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2024) Systematic review Psychotropic treatments in Prader-Willi syndrome: a critical review of published literature (European journal of pediatrics, 2016) Clinical trial publication The CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin Reduces Default Mode Network and Increases Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity in Healthy Volunteers (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2015) Clinical trial publication Neural effects of cannabinoid CB1 neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin on food reward and aversion in healthy volunteers (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of rimonabant in obese patients with binge eating disorder (Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULTHIAME Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 31 Cochrane 29 Meta-analysis 32 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02659475 — Phentermine/Topiramate Extended Release in Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00231621 — A Study on Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate in Treatment of Obese Subjects With Dyslipidemia (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT00806260 — A Study to Evaluate How VI-0521 Affect Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Overweight and Obese Subjects. (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02810483 — Study of the Efficacy of Topiramate in Patients With Prader Willi Syndrome Over 8 Weeks (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT02635386 — EQW, DAPA, EQW/DAPA, DAPA/MET ER and PHEN/TPM ER in Obese Women With PolycysticOvary Syndrome (PCOS) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03374956 — Individualized Obesity Pharmacotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05834062 — Phentermine/Topiramate as Preventive Pharmacotherapy for Obesity (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00563368 — A Study Comparing Multiple Doses of VI-0521 With Placebo and Their Single-agent Constituents for Treatment of Obesity in Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Pharmacotherapy for Children and Adolescents With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026) Cochrane review Benefits and Harms of Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Living Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians (Annals of internal medicine, 2026) Cochrane review Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Incretin-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Binge Eating-A Systematic Review (Pharmacotherapy, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review of influence of ethnicity on efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for childhood and adolescent obesity (Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 2026) Meta-analysis [A meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of anti-obesity medications in the treatment of childhood obesity] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2025) Meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults (Nature medicine, 2025) Meta-analysis Quantitative analysis of the efficacy characteristics and influencing factors of weight loss drugs in children and adolescents (Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Interventions in Managing Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Youth Living with Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2025) Systematic review Mental health outcomes in obesity interventions with GLP-1 receptor agonists: is it similar to other obesity interventions? A narrative review with systematic evidence synthesis (International journal of obesity (2005), 2026) Clinical trial publication Addition of Phentermine-Topiramate to a Digitally Enhanced Lifestyle Intervention: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026) Clinical trial publication Predictors of BMI reduction with phentermine/topiramate in adolescents with obesity (International journal of obesity (2005), 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE Repurposing via CA4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Effects of eplerenone on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in Japanese hypertensives with overweight or obesity (Medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISANTRENE Repurposing via FTO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENPP1 INHIBITOR 27 Repurposing via ENPP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ENPP1 INHIBITOR 29F Repurposing via ENPP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISM5939 Repurposing via ENPP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VIZENPISTAT Repurposing via ENPP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY3	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

153 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Psyllium Natural product Cochrane review The safety and effectiveness of commonly-marketed natural supplements f… Cochrane review The effects of psyllium supplementation on body weight, body mass index…	Botanical	Phase II	Moderate	29	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT07371949 — CHRONO-NUTRITION APPLICATION: THE EFFECT OF FIBER JELLY ON POST PRANDIAL BLOOD GLUCOSE, SATIETY AND WEIGHT LOSS AMONG OVERWEIGHT WOMEN (COMPLETED) NA NCT03629119 — PsylliumRx Dietary Fiber Study (SUSPENDED) NA NCT03198767 — Effects of Carbohydrate in Diet and Supplements on the Gastrointestinal Tolerability of LIK066 (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06188728 — Husk Fiber Intervention on Metabolic Health of Centrally Obese School Teachers (COMPLETED) NA NCT06221696 — Preventing Weight Regain Post-Semaglutide Treatment With Active Fiber Supplement (Soloways) (COMPLETED) NA NCT02245399 — Canola-Mediterranean Diet Study in T2DM (COMPLETED) NA NCT02078635 — Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Portfolio Diet Study #7 (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT06215196 — Effectiveness and Safety of Semaglutide Combined With Dietary Fiber (Soloways) in Adults With Overweight or Obesity (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review The safety and effectiveness of commonly-marketed natural supplements for weight loss in populations with obesity: A critical review of the literature from 2006 to 2016 (Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2020) Cochrane review The effects of psyllium supplementation on body weight, body mass index and waist circumference in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Probiotics Natural product Cochrane review Effect of Probiotic and Symbiotic Supplementation on Lipid Parameters i… Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy of Probiotics for the Treatment of Obesity: A Syst… Cochrane review Effects of Probiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic and Hep…	Probiotic	Approved	Moderate	26	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 68 Cochrane 47 Meta-analysis 115 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03325023 — Effect of Dietary Modifacation on Microbiota in Overweight and Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04642482 — Synbiotic Therapy on Intestinal Microbiota and Insulin Resistance in Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02962583 — The Addition of Probiotic Consumption to a Nutritional Intervention and Caloric Restriction on Body Weight and Composition in Overweight Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05791604 — The Intervention of Obesity in Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome Using Prebiotics and Probiotics (RECRUITING) NA NCT01752803 — RCT Examining Effects of Probiotics in T2DM Individuals (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04863313 — Effect of a Probiotic on the Glycemic Profile and the Fecal Microbiota of Prediabetic Subjects (PREDIABETCARE) (COMPLETED) NA NCT05770076 — Probiotic Lysate (Postbiotic and Metabiotic) Supplementation for Type 2 Diabetes Patients (DELI_Diab Study) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04685057 — Probiotic Treatment for Prader-Willi Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effect of Probiotic and Symbiotic Supplementation on Lipid Parameters in Individuals With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2026) Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy of Probiotics for the Treatment of Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis (Nutrition reviews, 2026) Cochrane review Effects of Probiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic and Hepatic Outcomes in Children and Adolescents With Obesity, Including Those With Obesity-Related Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of probiotic supplementation for body weight management in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials predominantly from East Asia (Frontiers in public health, 2026) Cochrane review Enteroendocrine hormones and gut microbiota in obesity: a systematic review from mechanistic insight to precision metabolic care (Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders, 2026) Systematic review The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer (Annals of medicine, 2026) Systematic review Bioactive Nutritional Components Within the Planetary Health Diet for Preventing Sarcopenic Obesity and Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2025) Systematic review Impacts of Lifestyle and Microbiota-Targeted Interventions for Overweight and Obesity on the Human Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review (Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	Examine.com
Spirulina Natural product Meta Analysis Spirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total… Meta Analysis, Review Spirulina supplementation significantly reduces body weight, especially…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	26	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	7 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02993627 — Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Overweight or Obese Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT06076161 — Spirulina Platensis Supplementation and Calorie Restriction in Obese Men : A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol Study (COMPLETED) NA NCT05343858 — Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Two Microalgae Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA NCT02837666 — Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Capacity of Spirulina and Exercise (COMPLETED) NA NCT06114563 — Effects of Yogurt With Spirulina on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers (COMPLETED) NA NCT04658875 — Effect of Spirulina Maxima and Exercise on General Fitness and Blood Lipids in Older Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT02575690 — Spirulina Supplementation and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Caucasians With Treated Hypertension (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta-analysis Effects of different vitamin D supplements on body fat distribution and… Meta-analysis Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individ… Meta-analysis Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Ove…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05207059 — Healthy Early Life Moments in Singapore (RECRUITING) NA NCT00996866 — Vitamin D Supplementation Requirement in Obese Subjects (TERMINATED) NA NCT04377386 — Efficacy of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02942732 — Vitamin D Supplementation and Glycemic Outcomes (COMPLETED) NA NCT03193944 — Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Indicators Among Older Adults, Alborz Province, Iran (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06791044 — 25(OH)-Vitamin D and Its Association With Structural and Functional Parameters in Hospitalized Patients With Neurological Diseases (RECRUITING) NA NCT06115356 — Hypovitaminosis D and "Metabolic" Inflammatory Status in Patients With Obesity (COMPLETED) NCT01631292 — Vitamin D Supplementation in Obesity and Weight Loss (3DD Study) (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of different vitamin D supplements on body fat distribution and glucolipid metabolism in patients with obesity-associated metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis (Medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Meta-analysis Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (Nutrients, 2017) Clinical trial publication Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial (Women's health (London, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication High-dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy ameliorates obesity-induced increase in maternal IL-1β level without affecting obesity-induced increase in IL-6 and MCP (The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Vitamin D supplementation for cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women based on the gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity status : a randomized clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2023) Clinical trial publication Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation on Growth, Body Composition, and Pubertal Development Among School-aged Children in an Area With a High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA pediatrics, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta-analysis Impact of maternal diet on microbiota and health during pregnancy: a sy… Meta-analysis Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Conti… Meta-analysis Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovasc…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 10 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 44 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03448185 — Improving Metabolic Health in Patients With Diastolic Dysfunction (COMPLETED) NA NCT00782262 — Weight Loss Effects on Heart and Blood Vessel Function in Obesity (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06845046 — A Study to Improve Skeletal Muscle in Veterans With HIV (RECRUITING) NA NCT05746013 — Lipoproteins and ImmunoMetabolism (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07439744 — NUTRIMOOD-Inflammation and Depressive Comorbidity in Obesity: Modulation by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Status (RECRUITING) NA NCT00760760 — n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07572721 — Virtual Lifestyle Intervention for Weight Management and Cardiovascular Heal (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT00865683 — DHA Supplements to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Pregnant Women (The Omega-3 Pregnancy Study) (UNKNOWN) PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Impact of maternal diet on microbiota and health during pregnancy: a systematic review and correlational meta-analysis (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026) Meta-analysis Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Continuous Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023) Meta-analysis Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin C Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient gr… Meta Analysis Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity irrespective of age, la… Human Study Six months of vitamin D supplementation led to a decrease in some infla…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 40 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06115356 — Hypovitaminosis D and "Metabolic" Inflammatory Status in Patients With Obesity (COMPLETED) NCT01691365 — Effects of Antioxidants and B Vitamins Supplements on Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07551960 — Pilot Validation of the STELA Preventive Medicine Platform to Reduce Modifiable Health Risk Factors in Adults (CPM-STELA) (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT04147767 — Plant Sterol INtervention for Cancer Prevention (PINC) (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01884506 — Evaluation of the Effect of Body Weight and Composition on Iron Absorption and Blood Volume (COMPLETED) NA NCT01317563 — Antioxidant Therapy in Lean and Obese Asthmatics (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05612282 — The Impact of the Distribution of Adipose Tissue on the Occurrence of Metabolic Disorders and the Level of Cardiopulmonary Fitness (COMPLETED) NCT04375696 — Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Obese and Overweight Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Taurine Natural product	Amino acid	Preclinical	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04630977 — Long-term Intervention Effects of a Personalized, Home-based Exercise Program and Nutritional Advice, Along With the Inclusion of a Pre-workout Multi-ingredient Supplement on the Body Composition, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life of Middle-aged and Older Adults (40-70 Years) (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05437952 — Metabolic and Molecular Responses Under the Effect of Taurine Supplementation With and Without Multicomponent Training (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04279600 — Taurine Supplementation and Training Effects on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Women (COMPLETED) NA NCT06607068 — Assessment of Taurine Concentration in Older Women With/Without Obesity And With/Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT05415176 — Taurine Supplementation Associated or Not With Exercise: Effect on Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Elderly Women With Sarcopenic Obesity (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05333315 — Clinical Trials of Five Different Food Supplements With Restriction Diet in Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT06579508 — Effects of High-intensity Exercise With Hypoxia and Taurine Supplementation on Metabolic and Mitochondrial Parameters (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT04646512 — Taurine Supplementation and Exercise on Irisin Levels in Obesity (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta-analysis Impact of maternal diet on microbiota and health during pregnancy: a sy… Meta-analysis Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Conti… Meta-analysis Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovasc…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 10 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 44 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03448185 — Improving Metabolic Health in Patients With Diastolic Dysfunction (COMPLETED) NA NCT00782262 — Weight Loss Effects on Heart and Blood Vessel Function in Obesity (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06845046 — A Study to Improve Skeletal Muscle in Veterans With HIV (RECRUITING) NA NCT05746013 — Lipoproteins and ImmunoMetabolism (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07439744 — NUTRIMOOD-Inflammation and Depressive Comorbidity in Obesity: Modulation by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Status (RECRUITING) NA NCT00760760 — n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07572721 — Virtual Lifestyle Intervention for Weight Management and Cardiovascular Heal (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT00865683 — DHA Supplements to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Pregnant Women (The Omega-3 Pregnancy Study) (UNKNOWN) PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Impact of maternal diet on microbiota and health during pregnancy: a systematic review and correlational meta-analysis (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2026) Meta-analysis Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Continuous Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Journal of the American Heart Association, 2023) Meta-analysis Impact of α-Linolenic Acid, the Vegetable ω-3 Fatty Acid, on Cardiovascular Disease and Cognition (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta-analysis Effects of different vitamin D supplements on body fat distribution and… Meta-analysis Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individ… Meta-analysis Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Ove…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05207059 — Healthy Early Life Moments in Singapore (RECRUITING) NA NCT00996866 — Vitamin D Supplementation Requirement in Obese Subjects (TERMINATED) NA NCT04377386 — Efficacy of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation in Adolescents and Young Adults. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02942732 — Vitamin D Supplementation and Glycemic Outcomes (COMPLETED) NA NCT03193944 — Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Indicators Among Older Adults, Alborz Province, Iran (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06791044 — 25(OH)-Vitamin D and Its Association With Structural and Functional Parameters in Hospitalized Patients With Neurological Diseases (RECRUITING) NA NCT06115356 — Hypovitaminosis D and "Metabolic" Inflammatory Status in Patients With Obesity (COMPLETED) NCT01631292 — Vitamin D Supplementation in Obesity and Weight Loss (3DD Study) (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of different vitamin D supplements on body fat distribution and glucolipid metabolism in patients with obesity-associated metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis (Medicine, 2026) Meta-analysis Effect of Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Muscle Health: An Individual Participant Meta-analysis (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022) Meta-analysis Serum Parathyroid Hormone Responses to Vitamin D Supplementation in Overweight/Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials (Nutrients, 2017) Clinical trial publication Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial (Women's health (London, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication High-dose vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy ameliorates obesity-induced increase in maternal IL-1β level without affecting obesity-induced increase in IL-6 and MCP (The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Vitamin D supplementation for cardiometabolic risk markers in pregnant women based on the gestational diabetes mellitus or obesity status : a randomized clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2023) Clinical trial publication Influence of Vitamin D Supplementation on Growth, Body Composition, and Pubertal Development Among School-aged Children in an Area With a High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA pediatrics, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Taurine Natural product Distinct fasting and postprandial bile acid responses following Roux-en… Ketogenic diet is less effective in ameliorating depression and anxiety… Amino acid composition of plant protein-enriched wheat biscuits differe…	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04630977 — Long-term Intervention Effects of a Personalized, Home-based Exercise Program and Nutritional Advice, Along With the Inclusion of a Pre-workout Multi-ingredient Supplement on the Body Composition, Functional Capacity and Quality of Life of Middle-aged and Older Adults (40-70 Years) (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05437952 — Metabolic and Molecular Responses Under the Effect of Taurine Supplementation With and Without Multicomponent Training (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04279600 — Taurine Supplementation and Training Effects on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Women (COMPLETED) NA NCT06607068 — Assessment of Taurine Concentration in Older Women With/Without Obesity And With/Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT05415176 — Taurine Supplementation Associated or Not With Exercise: Effect on Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Elderly Women With Sarcopenic Obesity (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05333315 — Clinical Trials of Five Different Food Supplements With Restriction Diet in Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT06579508 — Effects of High-intensity Exercise With Hypoxia and Taurine Supplementation on Metabolic and Mitochondrial Parameters (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT04646512 — Taurine Supplementation and Exercise on Irisin Levels in Obesity (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin C Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient gr… Meta Analysis Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity irrespective of age, la… Human Study Six months of vitamin D supplementation led to a decrease in some infla…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 40 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06115356 — Hypovitaminosis D and "Metabolic" Inflammatory Status in Patients With Obesity (COMPLETED) NCT01691365 — Effects of Antioxidants and B Vitamins Supplements on Inflammation in Obese Diabetic Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07551960 — Pilot Validation of the STELA Preventive Medicine Platform to Reduce Modifiable Health Risk Factors in Adults (CPM-STELA) (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT04147767 — Plant Sterol INtervention for Cancer Prevention (PINC) (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01884506 — Evaluation of the Effect of Body Weight and Composition on Iron Absorption and Blood Volume (COMPLETED) NA NCT01317563 — Antioxidant Therapy in Lean and Obese Asthmatics (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05612282 — The Impact of the Distribution of Adipose Tissue on the Occurrence of Metabolic Disorders and the Level of Cardiopulmonary Fitness (COMPLETED) NCT04375696 — Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Obese and Overweight Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Krill Oil Natural product Clinical trial publication Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in A… Meta Analysis, Review Polyphenol supplementation in overweight or obese adults may reduce met… Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices.	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03132662 — Omega-3 vs Very Low Calorie Diet for Liver Size Reduction (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03112083 — Safety and Tolerability of Krill Powder Supplement in Slightly Overweight People With Moderately Elevated Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) NA NCT07604870 — Krill Oil and Metformin in Women With PCOS and Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06001632 — Changes in Muscle Strength, Inflammatory Markers, and Body Composition in Response to Alternate Day Fasting Combined With Krill Oil Supplementation in Adults With Overweight and Obesity (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Trial (Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review A bibliometric analysis of research on the anti-obesity effects of curc… Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention a… Systematic review Effects of curcumin on anthropometric measurements in nonalcoholic fatt…	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03864783 — The Effect of Curcumin on Liver Fat Content in Obese Subjects (COMPLETED) NA NCT04315350 — The Effect of Curcumin on the Development of Prednisolone-induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance (TERMINATED) NA NCT03542240 — Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Gut Barrier Function in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA NCT04595006 — Brown Fat Activation and Browning Efficiency Augmented by Chronic Cold and Nutraceuticals for Brown Adipose Tissue-mediated Effect Against Metabolic Syndrome (BEACON BEAMS Study) (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT03540186 — Epigenorm Antivir Combined With Acupuncture for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Patients Who Are Overweight or Obese (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04723849 — Efficacy Evaluation of a Mixed Compound of Antioxidants in Terms of Endothelium Damage/Function in Pediatric Subjects With Obesity. (COMPLETED) NA NCT03670875 — Non-Pharmacologic Alternatives for Childhood Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT01975363 — Pilot Study of Curcumin for Women With Obesity and High Risk for Breast Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review A bibliometric analysis of research on the anti-obesity effects of curcumin from 2006 to 2025: knowledge structure, research hotspots, and evolution of frontiers (Frontiers in nutrition, 2026) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Systematic review Effects of curcumin on anthropometric measurements in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella meta-analysis study (Medicine, 2026) Systematic review Bioactives and exercise synergize to modulate AMPK and inflammation (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Systematic review Potential therapeutic benefits of curcumin in depression or anxiety induced by chronic diseases: a systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Twelve-Week Curcumin Supplementation Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Gut Health in Prediabetic Older Adults: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Curcumin Supplementation Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Women with Severe Obesity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial-A Pilot Study (Nutrients, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Mental health and health-related quality of life response to curcumin-probiotic drink powder co-supplementation in adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a four-arm randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (The British journal of nutrition, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Curcumin plus piperine improve body composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Randomized controlled trial The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation significantly reduces the risk of obe… Human Study Alpha lipoic acid administration improved both peripheral sensitivity t… Human Study Alpha lipoic acid may be a promising supplement in the weight reduction…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01138774 — Effects of Lipoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Human Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT05713799 — Trial of the Combination of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Mirabegron in Women and in Men With Obesity (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05384431 — Can We Achieve 'high-quality' Weight Loss Through Supplementation and Exercise? the TRIM MUSCLE Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06242535 — Pilot Study of GLY-LOW Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00857376 — Dose Ranging Study of the Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00765310 — Lipoic Acid and Prevention of Heart Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06130228 — Nutritional Therapy in Late-onset Pompe Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00994513 — Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Obesity Related Comorbidities (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Egcg Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices. Meta Analysis, Review Green coffee extract provides a cost-effective and safe alternative for… Meta Analysis The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance.	Food compound	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 21 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00867555 — Green Tea, High in Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Postprandial Fat Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT00434499 — Effect of EGCG on the Body's Response to Insulin (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00611416 — The Role of Tea Catechins and Caffeine in Relation to Energy Metabolism (COMPLETED) NA NCT07245979 — Supplementation With Sirtuin Activators in Women With Increased Body Weight (RECRUITING) NA NCT01976156 — The Gut-brain Axis: a Novel Target for Treating Behavioral Alterations in Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT03628937 — The Effect of Decaffeinated Green Tea Polyphenol Intake on the Risk of Precocious Puberty Among Obese Girls (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02381145 — Dietary Polyphenols and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT00692731 — Efficacy of a Tea Catechin Sports Drink for Enhancing Exercise-Induced Fat Loss (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Nutritional interventions and sleep quality in obese individuals: a sys… Meta-analysis Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometa… Clinical trial publication The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saf…	Botanical	Phase I	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05572749 — Clinical Trial of Crocus Kozanis Administration in Obese Children and Adolescents (COMPLETED) NA NCT07079046 — Efficacy of Satisens® in Reducing Emotional Eating (COMPLETED) NA NCT07261475 — Crocus Sativus Tepals Water Extract in Obesity and Prediabetes (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Nutritional interventions and sleep quality in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in overweight and obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) Clinical trial publication The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (European journal of sport science, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in conjunction with concurrent training on body composition, glycaemic status, and inflammatory markers in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022) Clinical trial publication A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on depression and food craving among overweight women with mild to moderate depression (Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2020) Clinical trial publication Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women (Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Randomized controlled trial Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In P… Randomized controlled trial Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnit… Randomized controlled trial Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:…	Amino acid	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 13 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06845046 — A Study to Improve Skeletal Muscle in Veterans With HIV (RECRUITING) NA NCT01965990 — VLCD by Enteral Route for Weight Loss (COMPLETED) NCT03436277 — Effect of the Administration of L-Carnitine on Body Weight in Women in Crossfit Training (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT07660081 — Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT04330326 — Metabolic Cofactor Supplementation in Obese Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06689501 — 12-Week Trial Investigating L-carnitine Tartrate, Dihydrocapsiate and Protein Yeast Hydrolysate on Energy Intake and Expenditure in Overweight Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT07393360 — Effect of a Food for Special Medical Purposes on Muscle Mass Preservation During GLP-1 RAs Weight Loss Treatment (RECRUITING) NA NCT03193125 — Carnitine and Liver Mitochondria Fatty Acid Processing (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Randomized controlled trial Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In PCOS: A Six Month Randomized Controlled Trial (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026) Randomized controlled trial Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele: a DBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and body mass index (Asian journal of andrology, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Randomized controlled trial L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial (Food & function, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Cochrane review Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review hi… Cochrane review Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-relat… Cochrane review The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Sy…	Food compound	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02114892 — Effect of Resveratrol Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07245979 — Supplementation With Sirtuin Activators in Women With Increased Body Weight (RECRUITING) NA NCT02381145 — Dietary Polyphenols and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT01158417 — Resveratrol in Type2 Diabetes and Obesity (TERMINATED) NA NCT05981053 — Biological Effects in Consumers of Resveratrol-enriched Wine (COMPLETED) NCT01302639 — Dietary Polyphenols and Lipid Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT06961279 — Resveratrol Stimulates Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Obesity and Insulin Resistance (COMPLETED) NA NCT02419092 — Obstructive Sleep Apnea-induced Changes in Adipose and Liver Tissue and Effects of Massive Weight Loss on Inflammation (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review highlighting the gap in phenotype-defined randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in nutrition, 2026) Cochrane review Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-related Non-communicable Diseases (In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2026) Cochrane review The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Systematic Review (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2025) Cochrane review A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Effect of resveratrol supplementation on metabolic risk markers and anthropometric parameters in individuals with obesity or overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Obesity pillars, 2024) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol supplementation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition journal, 2026) Meta-analysis The effect of resveratrol supplementation on anthropometric indices, adiponectin and leptin levels in individuals with overweight and obesity: a graded, systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of obesity (2005), 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on the anthropometric indices and inflammatory markers: an umbrella meta-analysis (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Systematic review Bioactives and exercise synergize to modulate AMPK and inflammation (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Supplementation with resveratrol modified gut microbiota improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity (Gut microbes, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Chromium Natural product	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05170867 — The Impact of Hafnia Alvei on Weight Loss and Glycaemic Control After Bariatric Surgery (COMPLETED) NA NCT00128154 — Chromium Picolinate for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA NCT05802121 — Akkermansia Muciniphilia and Metabolic Side Effects of ADT (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00759993 — Chromium Piccolinate in the Prevention of Weight Gain Induced by Serotonergic Medications Initiated on Psychiatric Inpatient Units. (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00699413 — Supplements for Controlling Resistance to Insulin (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT00477854 — Effects of Chromium Picolinate on Food Intake (COMPLETED) NA NCT06911073 — A Study to Evaluate a Postbiotic in Supporting Weight Loss and Metabolic Health (RECRUITING) NA NCT00067626 — Chromium Effects on Insulin and Vascular Function in People at Risk for Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Tryptophan Natural product	Amino acid	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	6 trials 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04041934 — Effect of the Quality of Dietary Proteins on the Sleep Young Elite Athletes and the Obese Adolescent (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00328913 — The Effect of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on Satiety (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03701737 — Study of Eating Behaviour and Sense of Taste Before and After Treatment With Nocturnal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Overweight Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. (COMPLETED) NCT02823249 — Effect of Amino Acids and Sugar Alcohols on Satiation Peptides and Activation of Specific Brain Regions (COMPLETED) NA NCT02563847 — Effect of Amino Acids and Sugar Alcohols on Gastric Emptying and Release of Satiation Peptides in Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612259 — A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, in Parallel Groups Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation With Tryptophan to Achieve Weight Loss, and Its Neuropsychological Effects in Adolescents With Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices. Meta Analysis, Review Nigella sativa and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews a… Meta Analysis, Review A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of Nigella sativa s…	Botanical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Polyphenol supplementation in overweight or obese adults may reduce met… Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices. Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Systematic review A bibliometric analysis of research on the anti-obesity effects of curc… Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention a… Systematic review Effects of curcumin on anthropometric measurements in nonalcoholic fatt…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03864783 — The Effect of Curcumin on Liver Fat Content in Obese Subjects (COMPLETED) NA NCT04315350 — The Effect of Curcumin on the Development of Prednisolone-induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance (TERMINATED) NA NCT03542240 — Effects of Curcumin Supplementation on Gut Barrier Function in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA NCT04595006 — Brown Fat Activation and Browning Efficiency Augmented by Chronic Cold and Nutraceuticals for Brown Adipose Tissue-mediated Effect Against Metabolic Syndrome (BEACON BEAMS Study) (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT03540186 — Epigenorm Antivir Combined With Acupuncture for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis Patients Who Are Overweight or Obese (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04723849 — Efficacy Evaluation of a Mixed Compound of Antioxidants in Terms of Endothelium Damage/Function in Pediatric Subjects With Obesity. (COMPLETED) NA NCT03670875 — Non-Pharmacologic Alternatives for Childhood Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT01975363 — Pilot Study of Curcumin for Women With Obesity and High Risk for Breast Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review A bibliometric analysis of research on the anti-obesity effects of curcumin from 2006 to 2025: knowledge structure, research hotspots, and evolution of frontiers (Frontiers in nutrition, 2026) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Systematic review Effects of curcumin on anthropometric measurements in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella meta-analysis study (Medicine, 2026) Systematic review Bioactives and exercise synergize to modulate AMPK and inflammation (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Systematic review Potential therapeutic benefits of curcumin in depression or anxiety induced by chronic diseases: a systematic review of mechanistic and clinical evidence (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Twelve-Week Curcumin Supplementation Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Gut Health in Prediabetic Older Adults: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Curcumin Supplementation Improves Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Women with Severe Obesity: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial-A Pilot Study (Nutrients, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Mental health and health-related quality of life response to curcumin-probiotic drink powder co-supplementation in adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome: a four-arm randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (The British journal of nutrition, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Curcumin plus piperine improve body composition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Randomized controlled trial The Effect of Curcumin on Reducing Atherogenic Risks in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Egcg Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices. Meta Analysis, Review Green coffee extract provides a cost-effective and safe alternative for… Meta Analysis The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance.	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 21 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00867555 — Green Tea, High in Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Postprandial Fat Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT00434499 — Effect of EGCG on the Body's Response to Insulin (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00611416 — The Role of Tea Catechins and Caffeine in Relation to Energy Metabolism (COMPLETED) NA NCT07245979 — Supplementation With Sirtuin Activators in Women With Increased Body Weight (RECRUITING) NA NCT01976156 — The Gut-brain Axis: a Novel Target for Treating Behavioral Alterations in Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT03628937 — The Effect of Decaffeinated Green Tea Polyphenol Intake on the Risk of Precocious Puberty Among Obese Girls (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02381145 — Dietary Polyphenols and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT00692731 — Efficacy of a Tea Catechin Sports Drink for Enhancing Exercise-Induced Fat Loss (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Chromium Natural product A multifaceted lifestyle program for weight loss in overweight adults:… The effectiveness of nutritional supplements in improving polycystic ov… Effects of 12 Weeks of Chromium, Phyllanthus emblica Fruit Extract, and…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05170867 — The Impact of Hafnia Alvei on Weight Loss and Glycaemic Control After Bariatric Surgery (COMPLETED) NA NCT00128154 — Chromium Picolinate for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA NCT05802121 — Akkermansia Muciniphilia and Metabolic Side Effects of ADT (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00759993 — Chromium Piccolinate in the Prevention of Weight Gain Induced by Serotonergic Medications Initiated on Psychiatric Inpatient Units. (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00699413 — Supplements for Controlling Resistance to Insulin (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT00477854 — Effects of Chromium Picolinate on Food Intake (COMPLETED) NA NCT06911073 — A Study to Evaluate a Postbiotic in Supporting Weight Loss and Metabolic Health (RECRUITING) NA NCT00067626 — Chromium Effects on Insulin and Vascular Function in People at Risk for Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation significantly reduces the risk of obe… Human Study Alpha lipoic acid administration improved both peripheral sensitivity t… Human Study Alpha lipoic acid may be a promising supplement in the weight reduction…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01138774 — Effects of Lipoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) in Human Obesity (COMPLETED) NA NCT05713799 — Trial of the Combination of Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Mirabegron in Women and in Men With Obesity (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05384431 — Can We Achieve 'high-quality' Weight Loss Through Supplementation and Exercise? the TRIM MUSCLE Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06242535 — Pilot Study of GLY-LOW Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00857376 — Dose Ranging Study of the Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Oxidative Stress (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00765310 — Lipoic Acid and Prevention of Heart Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06130228 — Nutritional Therapy in Late-onset Pompe Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00994513 — Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Obesity Related Comorbidities (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Tryptophan Natural product	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	6 trials 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04041934 — Effect of the Quality of Dietary Proteins on the Sleep Young Elite Athletes and the Obese Adolescent (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00328913 — The Effect of 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on Satiety (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03701737 — Study of Eating Behaviour and Sense of Taste Before and After Treatment With Nocturnal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Overweight Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. (COMPLETED) NCT02823249 — Effect of Amino Acids and Sugar Alcohols on Satiation Peptides and Activation of Specific Brain Regions (COMPLETED) NA NCT02563847 — Effect of Amino Acids and Sugar Alcohols on Gastric Emptying and Release of Satiation Peptides in Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612259 — A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, in Parallel Groups Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation With Tryptophan to Achieve Weight Loss, and Its Neuropsychological Effects in Adolescents With Obesity (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Randomized controlled trial Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In P… Randomized controlled trial Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnit… Randomized controlled trial Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:…	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 13 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06845046 — A Study to Improve Skeletal Muscle in Veterans With HIV (RECRUITING) NA NCT01965990 — VLCD by Enteral Route for Weight Loss (COMPLETED) NCT03436277 — Effect of the Administration of L-Carnitine on Body Weight in Women in Crossfit Training (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT07660081 — Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT04330326 — Metabolic Cofactor Supplementation in Obese Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06689501 — 12-Week Trial Investigating L-carnitine Tartrate, Dihydrocapsiate and Protein Yeast Hydrolysate on Energy Intake and Expenditure in Overweight Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT07393360 — Effect of a Food for Special Medical Purposes on Muscle Mass Preservation During GLP-1 RAs Weight Loss Treatment (RECRUITING) NA NCT03193125 — Carnitine and Liver Mitochondria Fatty Acid Processing (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Randomized controlled trial Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In PCOS: A Six Month Randomized Controlled Trial (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026) Randomized controlled trial Modulatory Effects of Multi-species/Multi-strain Synbiotic and L-carnitine Concomitant Supplementation on Atherogenic-Indices, Body Composition, Visceral Obesity, and Appetite in Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele: a DBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and body mass index (Asian journal of andrology, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Ameliorating effects of L-carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation on anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic traits in women with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) Randomized controlled trial L-Carnitine and synbiotic co-supplementation: beneficial effects on metabolic-endotoxemia, meta-inflammation, and oxidative-stress biomarkers in obese patients: a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial (Food & function, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Licorice Natural product Effects of licorice extract in combination with a low-calorie diet on o… Metabolic changes after licorice consumption: A systematic review with… Enhancement of Fat Oxidation by Licorice Flavonoid Oil in Healthy Human…	Botanical	Preclinical	Moderate	12	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Natural product The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in comparison wi… The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Densitometric… Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on body composition an…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Ephedrine Natural product Efficacy and safety of ephedra-containing oral medications: a systemati… Over a century since ephedrine discovery: an updated revisit to its pha… Combined spinal epidural anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing ces…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Cocoa Flavanols Natural product Meta Analysis Cocoa and dark chocolate supplementation reduced body weight, body mass…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Whey Protein Natural product Human Study A whey-protein supplement increases fat loss and spares lean muscle in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
African Mango Natural product Plant-Derived Natural Products for Dietary Intervention in Overweight a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Coleus Forskohlii Natural product Coleus forskohlii Extract Supplementation in Conjunction with a Hypocal…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
7-Keto Dhea Natural product A systematic review of the impact of 7-keto-DHEA on body weight	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Betaine Natural product Effect of Sevelamer and B. longum on Insulin Sensitivity in Participant… Effects of betaine-containing nutrients on homocysteine levels and gluc… Ketogenic diet is less effective in ameliorating depression and anxiety…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Cissus Quadrangularis Natural product Human Study A Cissus quadrangularis and Irvingia gabonensis combination is useful i…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Eca Natural product Nutrition of School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Europe and Central… Ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin: safety and efficacy for treatment of h…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Garcinia Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effect of Garcinia cambogia supplement on obesity indices.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Green Coffee Extract Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices. Meta Analysis, Review Green coffee extract provides a cost-effective and safe alternative for… Meta Analysis The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Medium-Chain Triglycerides Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effects of combined exercise and low carbohydrate ketogenic diet interv…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Niacin (Vitamin B3) Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient gr… Meta Analysis Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity irrespective of age, la… Human Study Six months of vitamin D supplementation led to a decrease in some infla…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Rose Hip Natural product Effects of rose hip intake on risk markers of type 2 diabetes and cardi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Yacon Natural product Consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet increased the rel… Effect of the consumption of yacon flour and energy-restricted diet on… Effects of yacon flour associated with an energy restricted diet on int…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	Examine.com
Magnesium Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The results suggest that magnesium supplementation is associated with l… Meta Analysis, Review This study found a significant reduction in body mass index following m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Garlic Natural product Human Study A 12-week garlic supplementation had beneficial effects on symptom reli… Human Study Aged garlic extract may be beneficial in preventing the development of…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Lutein Natural product Meta Analysis, Review High UPF consumption is associated with an increased risk of overweight… Meta Analysis, Review These findings suggest that high-intensity, short-term aerobic excerise… Animal Study, Human Study A preliminary analysis of the influence of elderberry juice consumption…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Pyruvate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Sodium Bicarbonate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Olive Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices. Meta Analysis, Review Dietary citrus and its extracts intake contributed to weight control. Meta Analysis, Review Green coffee extract provides a cost-effective and safe alternative for…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Black Seed Oil Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices. Meta Analysis, Review Nigella sativa and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews a… Meta Analysis, Review A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of Nigella sativa s…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Polyphenol supplementation in overweight or obese adults may reduce met… Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices. Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Cochrane review Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review hi… Cochrane review Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-relat… Cochrane review The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Sy…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 13 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02114892 — Effect of Resveratrol Administration on Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07245979 — Supplementation With Sirtuin Activators in Women With Increased Body Weight (RECRUITING) NA NCT02381145 — Dietary Polyphenols and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Humans (COMPLETED) NA NCT01158417 — Resveratrol in Type2 Diabetes and Obesity (TERMINATED) NA NCT05981053 — Biological Effects in Consumers of Resveratrol-enriched Wine (COMPLETED) NCT01302639 — Dietary Polyphenols and Lipid Oxidation (COMPLETED) NA NCT06961279 — Resveratrol Stimulates Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Obesity and Insulin Resistance (COMPLETED) NA NCT02419092 — Obstructive Sleep Apnea-induced Changes in Adipose and Liver Tissue and Effects of Massive Weight Loss on Inflammation (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Vitamin D and resveratrol in sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review highlighting the gap in phenotype-defined randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in nutrition, 2026) Cochrane review Resveratrol Supplementation and its Potential Benefits in Obesity-related Non-communicable Diseases (In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2026) Cochrane review The Effects of Resveratrol on Menopausal Cardio-metabolic Changes: A Systematic Review (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2025) Cochrane review A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Impact of Resveratrol Supplementation on Anthropometric Indices in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2025) Cochrane review Effect of resveratrol supplementation on metabolic risk markers and anthropometric parameters in individuals with obesity or overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Obesity pillars, 2024) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol supplementation on multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Nutrition journal, 2026) Meta-analysis The effect of resveratrol supplementation on anthropometric indices, adiponectin and leptin levels in individuals with overweight and obesity: a graded, systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (International journal of obesity (2005), 2026) Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on the anthropometric indices and inflammatory markers: an umbrella meta-analysis (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Systematic review The Role of Anthocyanins, Curcumin, and Resveratrol in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026) Systematic review Bioactives and exercise synergize to modulate AMPK and inflammation (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Supplementation with resveratrol modified gut microbiota improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in subjects with obesity and insulin resistance (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity (Gut microbes, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Nutritional interventions and sleep quality in obese individuals: a sys… Meta-analysis Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometa… Clinical trial publication The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saf…	Botanical	Phase I	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05572749 — Clinical Trial of Crocus Kozanis Administration in Obese Children and Adolescents (COMPLETED) NA NCT07079046 — Efficacy of Satisens® in Reducing Emotional Eating (COMPLETED) NA NCT07261475 — Crocus Sativus Tepals Water Extract in Obesity and Prediabetes (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Nutritional interventions and sleep quality in obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2025) Meta-analysis Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in overweight and obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) Clinical trial publication The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (European journal of sport science, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in conjunction with concurrent training on body composition, glycaemic status, and inflammatory markers in obese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized double-blind clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022) Clinical trial publication A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on depression and food craving among overweight women with mild to moderate depression (Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2020) Clinical trial publication Satiereal, a Crocus sativus L extract, reduces snacking and increases satiety in a randomized placebo-controlled study of mildly overweight, healthy women (Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Iron Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Polyphenol supplementation in overweight or obese adults may reduce met… Meta Analysis, Review Curcumin supplementation significantly reduces anthropometric indices. Meta Analysis, Review The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Berberine Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Berberine can improve obesity and hyperlipidemia Meta Analysis The results of the current study support the use of berberine supplemen… Meta Analysis, Review These results found a significant reduction in waist-hip ratio followin…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
L-Citrulline Natural product Human Study Watermelon supplementation reduces arterial stiffness and aortic systol…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Sulforaphane Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Cinnamon Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Cinnamon supplementation significantly reduces body weight.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Elderberry Natural product Animal Study, Human Study A preliminary analysis of the influence of elderberry juice consumption…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Alprazolam Natural product Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to small dose argin…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Diazepam Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Dorzolamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Acetazolamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Methazolamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
4-(aminomethyl)benzenesulfonamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Brinzolamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Aminocarbonyl Dihydrogen Phosphate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Pala Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Trisodium;citrate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Sulfamate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Ethoxzolamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Topiramate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Rac-Ibipinabant Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Ibipinabant Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Rimonabant Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Win-552122 Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Anandamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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