Melanoma — RepurpOS | OpenSourceMedicine

Disease overview

Alterations

133

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

590

Via biomarker

482

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

1068

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, Seeds, Examine.com · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-06

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Spontaneous regression documented in ~0.4% of metastatic melanoma cases; early-stage surgical resection: 90%+ 5-year survival for Stage I; Stage IV (metastatic): historically <10% 5-year survival

Best-intervention remission

Stage IV with PD-1/CTLA-4 combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab): 52% 5-year OS (CheckMate-067); BRAF V600E + MEK inhibition (dabrafenib + trametinib): 34% 5-year OS; pembrolizumab adjuvant Stage III: 58.4% vs 45.9% RFS at 5 years; TIL therapy (Amtagvi): 31.5% ORR in heavily pretreated patients

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Moderate — genuine cures are now achievable for many Stage IV melanoma patients; the question is maximising who can access these outcomes

Primary barrier

access

Barrier detail: Immunotherapy combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab) achieves durable responses in ~25-30% of Stage IV patients (functional cure); BRAF-targeted therapy is highly effective in BRAF V600E (50% of melanomas) but resistance develops in most; tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy (Amtagvi, 2024) approved — cell manufacturing is complex

Last SoC change: 2024 — Amtagvi (lifileucel, TIL therapy) FDA approved — first tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte cell therapy approved for any cancer; 2020 adjuvant pembrolizumab Stage IIB-III; 2011 ipilimumab (first checkpoint inhibitor approved for any cancer); PD-1 inhibitors since 2014

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005105 · ORPHA: ORPHA:404560

Right to Try Relevance Critical

Eligibility: This disease meets the federal and state right-to-try legal standard (21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-0a and Montana SB 535): it lacks disease-modifying therapy with indication-specific FDA approval. Patients with Melanoma may be eligible to access investigational therapies outside of clinical trials under right-to-try frameworks.

Investigational Agents

Phase 3: 40

Most Advanced Phase

Phase 3

Highest dev. stage

Gene Targets

133

Actionable

Pipeline Compounds (Top 6)

.Alpha.-Pyrrolidinononanophenone, Aldesleukin, Atezolizumab, Belzupacap Sarotalocan, Bempegaldesleukin, Brenetafusp

Legal Standard: Right-to-try requires the disease lacks "adequate approved therapy for that specific disease" (not symptom-management drugs). This distinction means a disease with antidepressants available still qualifies if no FDA approval exists for THAT disease indication.

View Right-to-Try Compendium

Alterations

Showing 80 of 133 · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Abnormal fundus morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal hair morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal visual accommodation	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of extrapyramidal motor function	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of refraction	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormality of the lymphatic system	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Choroidal melanoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ciliary body melanoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Dry skin	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Freckling	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Inferior lens subluxation	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Inflammatory abnormality of the eye	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Iris melanoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Melanoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Metamorphopsia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Mydriasis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the breast	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the pancreas	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the stomach	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Nevus	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ocular hypertension	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ocular pain	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Photopsia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Retinal detachment	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Retinopathy	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Uveal melanoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Visual loss	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Vitreous hemorrhage	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Zonular cataract	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
AKT1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKT2 AKT serine/threonine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AR androgen receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARID2 AT-rich interaction domain 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATM ATM serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATR ATR checkpoint kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATRX ATRX chromatin remodeler	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BAP1 BRCA1 associated deubiquitinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA1 BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA2 BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CBL Cbl proto-oncogene	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCND1 cyclin D1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD274 CD274 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK12 cyclin dependent kinase 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK4 cyclin dependent kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHEK2 checkpoint kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CSF3R colony stimulating factor 3 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CUX1 cut like homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DDX3X DEAD-box helicase 3 X-linked	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DICER1 dicer 1, ribonuclease III	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DNMT3A DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Duration of Response	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
EP300 EP300 lysine acetyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB2 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB3 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB4 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAT4 FAT atypical cadherin 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR1 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT4 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXP1 forkhead box P1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNA11 G protein subunit alpha 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNAQ G protein subunit alpha q	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIN2A glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
H3-3B H3.3 histone B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNAR1 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNAR2 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IKZF1 IKAROS family zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KDR kinase insert domain receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KIT KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLF6 KLF transcription factor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2D lysine methyltransferase 2D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets

FDA-Approved Therapies

Phase 4 agents with regulatory approval for this indication

Drug Name	Mechanism	Type
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE		Gene-targeted
ABEMACICLIB		Gene-targeted
ABIRATERONE ACETATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACETAMINOPHEN		Gene-targeted
ACETAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
ACETOPHENAZINE		Gene-targeted
AFATINIB		Gene-targeted
ALCLOFENAC		Gene-targeted
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
ALECTINIB		Gene-targeted
ALPELISIB		Gene-targeted
AMCINONIDE		Gene-targeted
AMDINOCILLIN		Gene-targeted
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
AMLEXANOX		Gene-targeted
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE		Gene-targeted
AMPHETAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS		Gene-targeted
APALUTAMIDE	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
APIGENIN		Gene-targeted
APOMORPHINE		Gene-targeted
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE		Gene-targeted
ASTEMIZOLE		Gene-targeted
ATALUREN		Gene-targeted
ATEZOLIZUMAB	antibody; immunotherapy	Gene-targeted
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE		Gene-targeted
ATROPINE		Gene-targeted
AVAPRITINIB		Gene-targeted
AVELUMAB		Gene-targeted
AXITINIB		Gene-targeted
AZACITIDINE		Gene-targeted
AZARIBINE		Gene-targeted
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
BENDAMUSTINE		Gene-targeted
BENORILATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE		Gene-targeted
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE		Gene-targeted

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT06060613 — Safety and Efficacy of OBX-115 in Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05470283 — Phase I, Open-Label, Study of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Engineered With Membrane Bound IL15 Plus Acetazolamide in Adult Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	1 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00002535 — Indomethacin Plus Biological Therapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Melanoma (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review The association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and skin cancer: Different responses in American and European populations (Pharmacological research, 2020) Clinical trial publication Effect of T-activin therapy on indomethacin modulation of lymphoproliferative response in vitro of melanoma patients (Panminerva medica, 1998) Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of interleukin 1 alpha and indomethacin in treatment of metastatic melanoma (Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1996) Clinical trial publication Oral indomethacin and ranitidine in advanced melanoma: a phase II study (Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 1996) Clinical trial publication Utility of 111In-labelled leukocytes in patients completing high-dose interleukin-2 therapy: a pilot study (Nuclear medicine communications, 1994) Clinical trial publication Sustained indomethacin and ranitidine with intermittent continuous infusion interleukin-2 in advanced malignant melanoma: a phase II study (Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 1993) Randomized controlled trial Randomized trial of recombinant alpha 2b-interferon with or without indomethacin in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (Cancer research, 1989) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	3 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT06646016 — EPIC- Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) for Immune-related Colitis (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT04389281 — X-ray Psoralen Activated Cancer Therapy in Head and Neck, Breast, Sarcoma and Melanoma (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT07619898 — PHOENIX-ECP- Extracorporeal Photopheresis for Immune-related Colitis and/or Hepatitis in Advanced Melanoma With Inadequate Response to Steroid Exposure (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Comparative evaluation of NBUVB phototherapy and PUVA photochemotherapy in chronic plaque psoriasis (Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01614301 — Phase I and Consecutive Phase II, Two-arm, Randomized Multi-center Trial in Patients With Advanced Melanoma (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07477548 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Everolimus in Patients With Teratment-refractory Vascular Anomalies (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06708455 — Phase 2b of RAPA-201 Cell Therapy in Post-PD-(L)-1 Melanoma (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01166126 — Temsirolimus/AZD 6244 for Treatment-naive With BRAF Mutant Unresectable Stage IV (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01960829 — Everolimus in Selected Patients With Metastatic Melanoma: Efficacy and Safety Study (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT01596140 — Vemurafenib in Combination With Everolimus or Temsirolimus With Advanced Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01014351 — Study of Everolimus With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Effect of sirolimus on malignancy and survival after kidney transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAMINOPHEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALECTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALPELISIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APIGENIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	61 pubs View evidence Published literature Systematic review Natural compounds as immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: a systematic review (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVAPRITINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BINIMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Sources	Links
.ALPHA.-PYRROLIDINONONANOPHENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATEZOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELZUPACAP SAROTALOCAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMPEGALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRENETAFUSP	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEMIPLIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COBIMETINIB FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYTARABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELESCLOMOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPACADOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAVEZELIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOTEMUSTINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GP-100 ANTIGEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HISTAMINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INGENOL MEBUTATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON GAMMA-1B	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
L19IL2	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENALIDOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENVATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIFILEUCEL	Cell therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINRODOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM OXODOTREOTIDE LU-177	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELPHALAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOVAFERON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NURULIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBLIMERSEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBLIMERSEN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONFEKAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAMINOPHEN Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT06060613 — Safety and Efficacy of OBX-115 in Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05470283 — Phase I, Open-Label, Study of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Engineered With Membrane Bound IL15 Plus Acetazolamide in Adult Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALECTINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALPELISIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
APIGENIN Repurposing via BRCA1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	61 pubs View evidence Published literature Systematic review Natural compounds as immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma: a systematic review (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing via CCND1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVAPRITINIB Repurposing via CBL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing via CD274	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing via CBL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

80 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Links
Vitamin C Natural product Clinical trial publication Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for… Clinical trial publication Antioxidant supplementation increases the risk of skin cancers in women… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Blue light promotes vitamin C-mediated ferroptosis of melanoma through…	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Emerging	10	3 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06377111 — A Study to Test the Benefit of Vitamin B5 in Patients With Melanoma (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT02248584 — VITAMIN E, C and ZINC IN PATIENTS WITH SKIN CANCER: INFLUENCE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATORY STATE (COMPLETED) NA NCT05932511 — Topical Ascorbic Acid for Treatment of Squamous Cell Skin Cancer (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Randomized trial of topical ascorbic acid in DMSO versus imiquimod for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2022) Clinical trial publication Antioxidant supplementation increases the risk of skin cancers in women but not in men (The Journal of nutrition, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Vitamin D3 Natural product Clinical trial publication Vitamin D Supplementation and Disease-Free Survival in Stage II Melanom… Clinical trial publication Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and… Human Study A high vitamin D status may benefit prognosis in patients diagnosed wit…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	8 trials 2 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT01748448 — Vitamin D Supplementation in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Outcome (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06236360 — Metastatic Melanoma Patients on Immunotherapy With Nutritive Intervention Based on Mediterranean Diet (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00832533 — The Response of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to Incidental Ultraviolet Light Exposure (COMPLETED) NCT00996827 — Ultraviolet Light Exposure and Immunosuppression in Cutaneous Melanoma (TERMINATED) NCT06625918 — Effects of Ultraviolet B Exposure Using a Ultraviolet Skin Care Device on Vitamin D Production and Immune Response in Healthy Adults (COMPLETED) NA NCT03197636 — Co-stimulatory Markers and Vitamin D Status in Anti-PD1 Treated Melanoma Patients (COMPLETED) NCT00301067 — Phase I/II Study of High-Dose Calcitriol Plus Temodar for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00672321 — Answering Questions About Vitamin D Supplementation and Sun Exposure in Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Stage IB, Stage II, or Stage IIIA Melanoma (UNKNOWN) Published literature Clinical trial publication Vitamin D Supplementation and Disease-Free Survival in Stage II Melanoma: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2021) Clinical trial publication Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancer: post hoc analyses of the women's health initiative randomized controlled trial (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review The Efficacy of Curcumin Application to Melanoma in Mice: A Systematic… Systematic review A comprehensive and systematic review on Curcumin as a promising candid… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Experimental study on biomimetic curcumin-mediated sonodynamic therapy…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review The Efficacy of Curcumin Application to Melanoma in Mice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Annals of plastic surgery, 2024) Systematic review A comprehensive and systematic review on Curcumin as a promising candidate for the inhibition of melanoma growth: From pre-clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms of action (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Berberine Natural product Animal Study Berberine mediates tumor cell death by skewing tumor-associated immunos…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	42 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Sulforaphane Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management… Systematic review Efficacy of sulforaphane in skin cancer animal models: A systematic rev… Clinical trial publication Evaluation of Biodistribution of Sulforaphane after Administration of O…	Food compound	Phase II	Emerging	7	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07040280 — Testing the Effect of Sulforaphane, a Compound Naturally Found in Cruciferous Vegetables, on Preventing Melanoma in Patients With a Prior History of Melanoma (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT01568996 — Pilot Study Evaluating Sulforaphane in Atypical Nevi-Precursor Lesions (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and tolerability of sulforaphane in the therapeutic management of cancers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Systematic review Efficacy of sulforaphane in skin cancer animal models: A systematic review (Polimery w medycynie, 2024) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of Biodistribution of Sulforaphane after Administration of Oral Broccoli Sprout Extract in Melanoma Patients with Multiple Atypical Nevi (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Quercetin Natural product Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer In Vitro Study, Transgenic Animal Study An isocaloric carbohydrate restriction diet and natural AMPK activating… Animal Study Pterostilbene and quercetin inhibits metastatic melanoma growth and ext…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer (Pharmacological research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Resveratrol Natural product Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer Animal Study, In Vitro Study Blue light promotes vitamin C-mediated ferroptosis of melanoma through… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Olive leaf extract inhibits metastatic melanoma spread through suppress…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer (Pharmacological research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Reishi Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study CARI III exerted anti-cancer activity that is comparable to doxorubicin… Animal Study Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide in synergy with dacarbazine inhibits… Animal Study The mushroom Phellinus linteus inhibits experimental metastasis of mela…	Mushroom	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	—
Cinnamon Natural product Animal Study Cinnamon extract induces melanoma tumor cell death in an in vivo model.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	10 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Boswellia Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Frankincense essential oil suppresses melanoma cancer through down regu…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Egcg Natural product Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer Animal Study Angelica sinensis has therapeutic effect against melanoma cells in the… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Encapsulation of EGCG in transferrin-bearing vesicles is a promising th…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Advances on Natural Polyphenols as Anticancer Agents for Skin Cancer (Pharmacological research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Ashwagandha Natural product Plant-Derived Exosome-Coated Niosome Oxygen Nanobubbles for the Mitigat… Topical Delivery of Withania somnifera Crude Extracts in Niosomes and S… Withania somnifera Root Extract Has Potent Cytotoxic Effect against Hum…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Ginseng Natural product Animal Study A lipid-soluble ginseng extract potently inhibited invasion and migrati… Animal Study Both ginseng saponins, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, possess an abi…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	—
Cordyceps Natural product Animal Study Angelica sinensis has therapeutic effect against melanoma cells in the… Animal Study Cordyceps has significant therapeutic action against melanoma cell grow…	Mushroom	Preclinical	Emerging	7	33 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	—
Saffron Natural product Animal Study Crocin may exhibit significant melanoma tumor remission properties by p…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	10 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Licorice Natural product	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	18 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	—
Ginkgo Biloba Natural product Clinical trial publication [Protection from uv-light-induced oxidative stress by nutritional radic… Animal Study The inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba exocarp extracts on the growth o…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication [Protection from uv-light-induced oxidative stress by nutritional radical scavengers] (Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete, 1992) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	—
Cannabidiol Natural product Cannabidiol Activates Integrated Stress Response Signaling and Immune T… Metabolic Responses of Melanocytes and Melanoma Cells to UVA Radiation… Cannabidiol-thiosemicarbazone exhibits dual tyrosinase inhibition and a…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	2	37 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Apigenin Natural product Human In Vitro Apigenin is a novel therapeutic candidate for melanoma. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Apigenin induces apoptosis by regulating Akt and MAPK pathways in human… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Apigenin limited melanoma cell growth and migration and induced a reduc…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Chrysin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Chrysin-induced regression of angiogenesis in models of melanoma. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Chrysin could be a potentially good candidate for future use in alterna… Animal Study Chrysin enhances anti-tumor immunity response through IL-12-STAT4 signa…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	PubChem
Flavonoids Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Induced PSIG expression by herbacetin contributes to suppressing the pr… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Galangin inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Herbacetin suppresses cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma ce…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Ginsenosides Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Ginsenoside Re inhibits melanogenesis and melanoma growth. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Antitumor activity of ginsenoside Rg3 in melanoma through downregulatio… Animal Study Both ginseng saponins, 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg3, possess an abi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Encapsulation of EGCG in transferrin-bearing vesicles is a promising th… Animal Study Epigallocatechin gallate protects against fat and muscle atrophy in B16…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Coffee Natural product Meta Analysis Coffee intake was associated with reduced risk of oral, pharynx, liver,… Meta Analysis, Review There is some evidence for the beneficial effects of regular coffee con… Human Study consumption of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with melanom…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Anthocyanins Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Hyaluronidase inhibitor delphinidin inhibits cancer metastasis. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Delphinidin is a promising compound to prevent pathologies associated w…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Chaga Mushroom (Inonotus Obliquus) Natural product Animal Study Approximately 67% of the initial number of mice survived with no tumor… Animal Study, In Vitro Study CARI III exerted anti-cancer activity that is comparable to doxorubicin… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Inonotus obliquus had po…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Betulinic Acid Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Betulinic acid augments the inhibitory effects of vincristine on growth…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Aloe Vera Natural product Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Anti-Skin Cancer Agents: An Evidence-Bas… Biomass-derived carbon dots with pharmaceutical activity as temozolomid… Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials and Aloe vera on Melanomas-Where Are We…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Emodin Natural product The examination of in vitro photosensitizing efficacy of aloe-emodin lo… Polysialic-emodin self-assembled nanoparticles synergize with PD-1 inhi… Erratum to aloe-emodin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invas…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Olive Leaf Extract Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Olive leaf extract inhibits metastatic melanoma spread through suppress… Animal Study The results of this study indicate that dry olive leaf extract possesse…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Mistletoe Natural product Human: Case Report The use of Iscador as the sole modality for the adjuvant treatment of m… Human: Case Report Viscum album extracts seems to have a positive potential in malignant c… Animal Study The addition of solubilized mistletoe triterpenoids to conventional mis…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Fermented Foods and Beverages Natural product Animal Study Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the Vit… Animal Study Oral administration of fermented papaya controls the growth of a murine…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cannabinoids Natural product Animal Study Cannabinoids as a potential new and novel treatment for melanoma. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cannabinoids inhibit the growth of melanoma cells but not of normal mel…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Phellinus Linteus Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study CARI III exerted anti-cancer activity that is comparable to doxorubicin… Animal Study The mushroom Phellinus linteus inhibits experimental metastasis of mela…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Polyphenols Natural product Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer Anticancer potential, molecular mechanisms and toxicity of Euterpe oler…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Baicalein Natural product Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A s…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Lichens Natural product Human In Vitro The present study shows that lichen compounds demonstrated strong antio…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cucurbitacin B Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cucurbitacin B-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of conjunctival melanoma… Animal Study Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in… Animal Study The growth of subcutaneous melanoma was significantly inhibited in mice…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Diosmetin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Diosmetin augments BRAF-targeted therapy via concurrent suppression of… Animal Study, In Vitro Study These findings propose that DIOS acts as a potential melanoma therapy t…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Homeopathic Medicine: All Natural product Animal Study Altogether these data suggest M1 is an efficient candidate for melanoma… Animal Study In vivo treatment of melanoma (B16F10) with a homeopathic agent and wit…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Catechin Natural product In Vitro Study, Transgenic Animal Study An isocaloric carbohydrate restriction diet and natural AMPK activating… Animal Study Epigallocatechin gallate protects against fat and muscle atrophy in B16…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Grape Natural product Animal Study Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the Vit…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Astaxanthin Natural product Animal Study Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-N…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Bamboo Natural product Animal Study Bamboo leaf extract has immunopotentiating, antioxidant and antitumor a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Phycocyanin Natural product Animal Study Bioactive C-phycocyanin exerts immunomodulatory and antitumor activity…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Antrodia Camphorata Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study CARI III exerted anti-cancer activity that is comparable to doxorubicin…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cinnamaldehyde Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cinnamaldehyde enhances antimelanoma activity through covalently bindin…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cucurbitacin E Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cucurbitacin B-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest of conjunctival melanoma… Animal Study Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in… Animal Study The growth of subcutaneous melanoma was significantly inhibited in mice…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cashew Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Evaluation of antitumor potential of cashew gum extracted from Anacardi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Indole-3-Carbinol Natural product Animal Study Indole-3 carbinol reverses multidrug resistant melanoma in vivo.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Luteolin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Luteolin inhibits melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Luteolin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human melanoma…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Pterostilbene Natural product Animal Study Pterostilbene and quercetin inhibits metastatic melanoma growth and ext… Animal Study Pterostilbene decreases the antioxidant defenses of aggressive cancer c…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Raspberry Natural product Animal Study Raspberry pulp polysaccharides have properties as an immunopotentiating…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Vitamin a Natural product Human Study A high vitamin D status may benefit prognosis in patients diagnosed wit… Human Study Decreased vitamin D serum levels at melanoma diagnosis are associated w… Human Study Increased UVA exposures (indoor light) and decreased cutaneous Vitamin…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Xanthohumol Natural product Xanthohumol ameliorates OVA-induced allergic asthma by inhibiting AIM2… Xanthohumol Sensitizes Melanoma Cells to Vemurafenib by Lowering Membra… A Novel Look at Mechanisms and Applications of Xanthohumol (XN) in Derm…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Fucoidan Natural product Exploring Marine-Derived Polysaccharides Through In Vitro and Zebrafish…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Beta-Elemene Natural product Bimetallic Plasmonic Nanozyme-Based Microneedle for Synergistic Ferropt… Anticancer effect of terpenes: focus on malignant melanoma Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Essential Oils from the Citrus Cultivars…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Carnosic Acid Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Celastrol Natural product pH-responsive oxidized sodium alginate-carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel… Construction of Transcutaneous Immuno-oncology Vaccine Patches Based on… Research on the molecular mechanism of celastrol targeting CTNNB1/STAT3…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Chlorogenic Acid Natural product Meta Analysis, Review There is some evidence for the beneficial effects of regular coffee con…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Caffeine Natural product Human Study consumption of caffeinated coffee was inversely associated with melanom…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Broccoli Sprouts Natural product Human Study Evaluation of biodistribution of sulforaphane after administration of o… Animal Study, In Vitro Study In vitro and in vivo anti-cancer activity of dichloromethane fraction o… Animal Study Suforaphane, a compound found within broccoli, inhibits lung metastasis…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Rosemary Natural product Human In Vitro An extract of Rosmarinus officinals L. was able to efficiently reduce t…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Arugula Natural product Human In Vitro Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of erucin, a diet-derived H2…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Tocotrienol: Delta Natural product Animal Study, Human In Vitro Delta tocotrienol might represent an effective option for chemopreventi… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Tumor regression after intravenous administration of targeted vesicles…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Phloretin Natural product Human In Vitro, In Vitro Study The combination of HSP70 with phloretin could be a novel treatment for…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Zerumbone Natural product Human In Vitro Zerumbone has chemotherapeutic effects on human melanoma cells by alter…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Arctigenin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Arctigenin suppresses melanoma cells.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Capsaicin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Capsaicin exerts therapeutic effects by targeting tNOX-SIRT1 axis and a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
White Mulberry Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cortex Mori extracts induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor invasion via bl…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Angelica Natural product Animal Study Angelica sinensis has therapeutic effect against melanoma cells in the…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Burdock Natural product Animal Study Arctium lappa extract suppresses inflammation and inhibits melanoma pro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Celery Natural product Animal Study Assessment of antihyperlipidemic and antitumor effect of isolated activ…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Cannabinoids: Synthetic Natural product Animal Study Cannabinoids as a potential new and novel treatment for melanoma. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Cannabinoids inhibit the growth of melanoma cells but not of normal mel…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Fisetin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Comparable efficacy of fisetin and vemurafenib for inhibiting melanoma…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Delphinidin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Hyaluronidase inhibitor delphinidin inhibits cancer metastasis. Animal Study, In Vitro Study Delphinidin is a promising compound to prevent pathologies associated w…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Oleuropein Natural product Animal Study Dietary oleuropein inhibits tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Diosmin Natural product Animal Study Diosmin has a synergistic effect with interferon-alpha in inhibiting me…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—
Hesperidin Natural product Animal Study Enhanced therapeutic efficacy against melanoma through exosomal deliver…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	PubChem
Lemon Peel Natural product Animal Study Green tea, red wine and lemon extracts reduce experimental tumor growth…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.