Hypothyroidism

Disease overview

Alterations

103

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

Via biomarker

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, OSMF Chronic Disease Review, PubMed MeSH, PubMed Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Hashimoto's (most common cause) is irreversible in majority; spontaneous recovery in <5%; subclinical hypothyroidism spontaneously normalizes in ~30-40% of cases within 2 years without treatment

Best-intervention remission

T4 monotherapy normalizes TSH in nearly all patients and resolves symptoms in ~60%; up to 40% of T4-treated patients remain symptomatic despite normalized TSH; T4+T3 combination or desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) preferred by ~50% of patients in blinded preference trials

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Moderate — within the treated population, a large minority are inadequately treated by the standard-of-care T4 monotherapy approach

Primary barrier

framing/practice

Barrier detail: Up to 40% of patients remain symptomatic on T4 despite guideline-defined adequate treatment; T3 combination and DTE are rarely offered in primary care despite guideline acknowledgment that a trial may be appropriate; TSH-only monitoring misses tissue-level hypothyroidism

Last SoC change: 2014 — ATA guidelines last updated; acknowledged T4/T3 combination as appropriate trial in symptomatic patients; 2019 ETA/BTA guidelines more explicitly acknowledged need for personalized approach; T4 monotherapy has been standard since 1980s displacement of DTE

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005420 · MESH: D007037 · UMLS_CUI: C0020676

Alterations

103 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
TSHR thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.90	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC26A4 solute carrier family 26 member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.85	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TG thyroglobulin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.84	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
THRA thyroid hormone receptor alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.84	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC5A5 solute carrier family 5 member 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.82	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DUOX2 dual oxidase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.81	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SECISBP2 SECIS binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.80	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TPO thyroid peroxidase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.79	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGSF1 immunoglobulin superfamily member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.78	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KAT6B lysine acetyltransferase 6B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.78	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PAX8 paired box 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.77	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TSHB thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.76	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DUOXA2 dual oxidase maturation factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.72	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRHR thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.72	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NKX2-5 NK2 homeobox 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.71	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLIS3 GLIS family zinc finger 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.66	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFIH1 interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.66	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IYD iodotyrosine deiodinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.66	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
THRB thyroid hormone receptor beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.63	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADCY7 adenylate cyclase 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNJ10 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TYK2 tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL7R interleukin 7 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TLR3 toll like receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXE1 forkhead box E1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAK1 Janus kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT3 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
VAV3 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.57	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BACH2 BACH transcriptional regulator 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.57	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRS4 insulin receptor substrate 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.57	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
C1QTNF6 C1q and TNF related 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.57	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD226 CD226 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFRSF14 TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN22 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RASGRP1 RAS guanyl releasing protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FCRL3 Fc receptor like 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
VEGFC vascular endothelial growth factor C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE10A phosphodiesterase 10A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRG1 neuregulin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RNASET2 ribonuclease T2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TBX21 T-box transcription factor 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CBLB Cbl proto-oncogene B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGO2 argonaute RISC catalytic component 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.55	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ELMO1 engulfment and cell motility 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARID5B AT-rich interaction domain 5B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BHLHE40 basic helix-loop-helix family member e40	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPP LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
C12orf42 chromosome 12 open reading frame 42	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2D2A SH2 domain containing 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CLNK cytokine dependent hematopoietic cell linker	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CX3CR1 C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PKN3 protein kinase N3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLGRKT plasminogen receptor with a C-terminal lysine	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFATC1 nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF5 interferon regulatory factor 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FYN FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF800 zinc finger protein 800	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE8B phosphodiesterase 8B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFSF11 TNF superfamily member 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHRNA9 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 9 subunit	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCN4 cellular communication network factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ICOS inducible T cell costimulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOBR apolipoprotein B receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SYN2 synapsin II	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MACIR macrophage immunometabolism regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NINJ2 ninjurin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPATA6 spermatogenesis associated 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXA2 forkhead box A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CGA glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CPVL carboxypeptidase vitellogenic like	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPDL1 spindle apparatus coiled-coil protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF462 zinc finger protein 462	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HABP2 hyaluronan binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
S1PR4 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCR9 C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFIA nuclear factor I A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CEP128 centrosomal protein 128	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GPR35 G protein-coupled receptor 35	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CAMK4 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PANX1 pannexin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RHOF ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IPCEF1 interaction protein for cytohesin exchange factors 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXI1 forkhead box I1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DNASE1L3 deoxyribonuclease 1L3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGF2BP2 insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD2 CD2 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SUOX sulfite oxidase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP5IF1 ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFRSF11B TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
INPP5D inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TANK TRAF family member associated NFKB activator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLEKHA1 pleckstrin homology domain containing A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.44	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL15 interleukin 15	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.39	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Baseline Characteristics (Sex) of the Cases With Hypothyroidism and of the Rest of the Cohort	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Baseline Characteristics (Sum of Examinations) in Cases With an Indication of Hypothyroidism and Cases Without	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
The Duration of Hypothyroidism Episode in the "Probable Iodine Induced" Category	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

From opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease — Herbal treatments for hypothyroidism: an evidence-based review. Candidates for further study, not approved treatments.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
CHOLESTYRAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	13 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 12 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04124705 — A Study of Armour® Thyroid Compared to Synthetic T4 (Levothyroxine) in Previously Hypothyroid Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05240911 — Individual Dosing of Levothyroxine After Thyroidectomy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00488644 — Combined Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Patients With Brain Tumors (TERMINATED) NA NCT01486667 — Thyroxin Treatment in Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism, on the Apnea Hypopnea Index Score, Lipids and Highly Sensitive CRP (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01574859 — Central Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk (COMPLETED) NCT05412979 — A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hormone Replacement Therapy With ST-1891 Compared to Levothyroxine in Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03106935 — Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Thyroid Disease (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroidism, and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2025) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and pregnancy outcomes of levothyroxine sodium tablet administration in pregnant women complicated with hypothyroidism (Annals of palliative medicine, 2022) Systematic review Starting dose of levothyroxine for the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism: a systematic review (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002) Clinical trial publication Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, Bioavailability, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Levothyroxine Sodium (XP-8121) (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Metaverse Clinic for Pregnant Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Prospective Randomized Study (Journal of medical Internet research, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Pivotal Field Study to Support the Registration of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets for Canine Hypothyroidism (Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 2018) Clinical trial publication Are multisource levothyroxine sodium tablets marketed in Egypt interchangeable? (Annales d'endocrinologie, 2018) Clinical trial publication [Treatment of thirty primary hypothyroidism patients by fuzheng fujia mixture ] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Effects of evening vs morning levothyroxine intake: a randomized double-blind crossover trial (Archives of internal medicine, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00488644 — Combined Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Patients With Brain Tumors (TERMINATED) NA NCT05015725 — The Relationship Between Serum rT3 Concentrations, T3/T4 Ratio, and Symptoms/Quality of Life in Treated Hypothyroid Patients (COMPLETED) NCT01800617 — A Study of T3 Therapy in Patients With Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05682482 — LT4/LT3 Combination Therapy Versus LT4 Monotherapy in Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism. (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT04782856 — Energy Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03926585 — Variations in the DIO2 and MCT10 Genes and Effect of Triiodothyronine Treatment (COMPLETED) NCT06731764 — Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Hypothyroidism (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06353555 — Efficacy of Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Secondary Hypothyroidism Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECASERMIN	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL 3-BENZOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05782725 — Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Normogonadotropic Anovulation (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication A randomized phase II study of gemcitabine and carboplatin with or without cediranib as first-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0528 (Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GLUCARPIDASE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Imatinib induces hypothyroidism in patients receiving levothyroxine (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Meta-analysis View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Pharmacologic treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	19 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMOXIFEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Systematic review Influence of the anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and letrozole on thyroid function in women with early and advanced breast cancer: A systematic review (Cancer medicine, 2023) Clinical trial publication Propylthiouracil-induced chemical hypothyroidism with high-dose tamoxifen prolongs survival in recurrent high grade glioma: a phase I/II study (Anticancer research, 2003) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIOTHYRONINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROID	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
Ashwagandha OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Current drug discovery technologies, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Desiccated Thyroid Extract (DTE) OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Iodine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 18 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 68 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02280330 — Iodine Status of Preschoolers Given Micronutrient Powder for 6 Months (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01950260 — Early Levothyroxine Post Radioactive Iodine (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01349634 — The Effects of Iodized Salt on Cognitive Development in Ethiopia (COMPLETED) NA NCT04860622 — Normal Range of TSH and FT4 in Pregnancy (COMPLETED) NCT03120221 — Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Israel (UNKNOWN) NCT04831957 — Hypothyroidism After the TAVI Procedure in Elderly Patients (RECRUITING) NA NCT02190214 — Thyroid Disorders in Malaysia: A Nationwide Multicentre Study (COMPLETED) NCT03180892 — Non-immune Related Hypothyroidism in Iodine Sufficient Area (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones (Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2025) Cochrane review Role of Dietary Supplements in Thyroid Diseases (Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2022) Cochrane review Implications of iodine deficiency by gestational trimester: a systematic review (Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2021) Cochrane review Effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on pregnant women and their offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials over the past 3 decades (European journal of endocrinology, 2021) Cochrane review WITHDRAWN: Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018) Meta-analysis Prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC nephrology, 2026) Meta-analysis Incidence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism in children treated with [131I]mIBG: a systematic review and meta-analysis (The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of..., 2024) Meta-analysis Prevalence of Excessive Iodine Intake in Pregnancy and Its Health Consequences: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Biological trace element research, 2023) Meta-analysis Differences in Diagnostic Criteria Mask the True Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2019) Systematic review Iodinated Contrast-Induced Hypothyroidism in An Infant after Enteral Contrast Enema: A Case-Report and Systematic Review (Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2025) Systematic review Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis - systematic review (Endokrynologia Polska, 2024) Systematic review IMPACT OF MOTHER'S HYPOTHYROIDISM ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (Georgian medical news, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
L-Carnitine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03372772 — Effect of Levocarnitine Supplementation for the Management of Fatigue in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Patients (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Systematic review Interventions to improve symptomatology in patients with hypothyroidism and persistent symptoms: A systematic review (Endocrine, 2024) Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Endocrine journal, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Nigella sativa OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Current drug discovery technologies, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPYLTHIOURACIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROGLOBULIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROTROPIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
CHOLESTYRAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	13 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 12 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT04124705 — A Study of Armour® Thyroid Compared to Synthetic T4 (Levothyroxine) in Previously Hypothyroid Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05240911 — Individual Dosing of Levothyroxine After Thyroidectomy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00488644 — Combined Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Patients With Brain Tumors (TERMINATED) NA NCT01486667 — Thyroxin Treatment in Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism, on the Apnea Hypopnea Index Score, Lipids and Highly Sensitive CRP (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01574859 — Central Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk (COMPLETED) NCT05412979 — A Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Hormone Replacement Therapy With ST-1891 Compared to Levothyroxine in Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03106935 — Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Thyroid Disease (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on Gestational Hypertension and Pre-eclampsia in Pregnant Women with Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Hypothyroidism, and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets, 2025) Cochrane review Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and pregnancy outcomes of levothyroxine sodium tablet administration in pregnant women complicated with hypothyroidism (Annals of palliative medicine, 2022) Systematic review Starting dose of levothyroxine for the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism: a systematic review (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002) Clinical trial publication Phase 1 Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, Bioavailability, and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Levothyroxine Sodium (XP-8121) (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Metaverse Clinic for Pregnant Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Prospective Randomized Study (Journal of medical Internet research, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Pivotal Field Study to Support the Registration of Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets for Canine Hypothyroidism (Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 2018) Clinical trial publication Are multisource levothyroxine sodium tablets marketed in Egypt interchangeable? (Annales d'endocrinologie, 2018) Clinical trial publication [Treatment of thirty primary hypothyroidism patients by fuzheng fujia mixture ] (Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine, 2012) Randomized controlled trial Effects of evening vs morning levothyroxine intake: a randomized double-blind crossover trial (Archives of internal medicine, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIOTHYRONINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00488644 — Combined Levothyroxine/Liothyronine Supplementation in Hypothyroid Patients With Brain Tumors (TERMINATED) NA NCT05015725 — The Relationship Between Serum rT3 Concentrations, T3/T4 Ratio, and Symptoms/Quality of Life in Treated Hypothyroid Patients (COMPLETED) NCT01800617 — A Study of T3 Therapy in Patients With Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05682482 — LT4/LT3 Combination Therapy Versus LT4 Monotherapy in Patients with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism. (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT04782856 — Energy Metabolism in Thyroidectomized Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03926585 — Variations in the DIO2 and MCT10 Genes and Effect of Triiodothyronine Treatment (COMPLETED) NCT06731764 — Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Hypothyroidism (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06353555 — Efficacy of Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Secondary Hypothyroidism Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECASERMIN	Biologic	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOTHYROXINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIOTHYRONINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROID	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPYLTHIOURACIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROGLOBULIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROTROPIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYROXINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£4 / 28–30 tabs · US $5–$15 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL 3-BENZOATE Repurposing via CAMK4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05782725 — Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Normogonadotropic Anovulation (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE Repurposing via CAMK4	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication A randomized phase II study of gemcitabine and carboplatin with or without cediranib as first-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study N0528 (Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GLUCARPIDASE Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing via ARID5B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Imatinib induces hypothyroidism in patients receiving levothyroxine (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Meta-analysis View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Pharmacologic treatment of sleep-disordered breathing (American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	19 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMOXIFEN Repurposing via C1QTNF6	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Systematic review Influence of the anti-oestrogens tamoxifen and letrozole on thyroid function in women with early and advanced breast cancer: A systematic review (Cancer medicine, 2023) Clinical trial publication Propylthiouracil-induced chemical hypothyroidism with high-dose tamoxifen prolongs survival in recurrent high grade glioma: a phase I/II study (Anticancer research, 2003) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN Repurposing via BHLHE40	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE Repurposing via ATP5IF1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADCY7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Ashwagandha OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Current drug discovery technologies, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Desiccated Thyroid Extract (DTE) OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Iodine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 18 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 68 Trial pubs 26 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02280330 — Iodine Status of Preschoolers Given Micronutrient Powder for 6 Months (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01950260 — Early Levothyroxine Post Radioactive Iodine (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01349634 — The Effects of Iodized Salt on Cognitive Development in Ethiopia (COMPLETED) NA NCT04860622 — Normal Range of TSH and FT4 in Pregnancy (COMPLETED) NCT03120221 — Iodine Status in Pregnant Women in Israel (UNKNOWN) NCT04831957 — Hypothyroidism After the TAVI Procedure in Elderly Patients (RECRUITING) NA NCT02190214 — Thyroid Disorders in Malaysia: A Nationwide Multicentre Study (COMPLETED) NCT03180892 — Non-immune Related Hypothyroidism in Iodine Sufficient Area (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones (Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2025) Cochrane review Role of Dietary Supplements in Thyroid Diseases (Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2022) Cochrane review Implications of iodine deficiency by gestational trimester: a systematic review (Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2021) Cochrane review Effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on pregnant women and their offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials over the past 3 decades (European journal of endocrinology, 2021) Cochrane review WITHDRAWN: Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018) Meta-analysis Prevalence and incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC nephrology, 2026) Meta-analysis Incidence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism in children treated with [131I]mIBG: a systematic review and meta-analysis (The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of..., 2024) Meta-analysis Prevalence of Excessive Iodine Intake in Pregnancy and Its Health Consequences: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Biological trace element research, 2023) Meta-analysis Differences in Diagnostic Criteria Mask the True Prevalence of Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2019) Systematic review Iodinated Contrast-Induced Hypothyroidism in An Infant after Enteral Contrast Enema: A Case-Report and Systematic Review (Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2025) Systematic review Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis - systematic review (Endokrynologia Polska, 2024) Systematic review IMPACT OF MOTHER'S HYPOTHYROIDISM ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (Georgian medical news, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
L-Carnitine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03372772 — Effect of Levocarnitine Supplementation for the Management of Fatigue in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Patients (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Systematic review Interventions to improve symptomatology in patients with hypothyroidism and persistent symptoms: A systematic review (Endocrine, 2024) Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Endocrine journal, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Nigella sativa OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Cochrane View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Achievements in Hypothyroidism Treatment with Herbal Medicine: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (Current drug discovery technologies, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation

Natural Products

67 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Ashwagandha Natural product Human Study Treatment with ashwagandha may be beneficial for normalizing thyroid in… Animal Study Ashwaganda and Bauhinia purpurea stimulate thyroid function. Animal Study Ashwaganda stimulates thyroid function by increasing T3 and T4 concentr…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients w… Human Study Carnitine supplementation may correct carnitine deficiences associated…	Amino acid	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03372772 — Effect of Levocarnitine Supplementation for the Management of Fatigue in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Patients (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Endocrine journal, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Iron Natural product Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study Carnitine supplementation may correct carnitine deficiences associated… Human Study Selenium supplementation could restore euthyroidism in one third of sub…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 2 Cochrane 10 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02280330 — Iodine Status of Preschoolers Given Micronutrient Powder for 6 Months (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05240911 — Individual Dosing of Levothyroxine After Thyroidectomy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00535561 — Iron Deficiency Anemia Can be an Indication for Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
L-Carnitine Natural product Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients w… Human Study Carnitine supplementation may correct carnitine deficiences associated…	Amino acid	Approved	Emerging	13	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT01769157 — Effects of L-carnitine on Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03372772 — Effect of Levocarnitine Supplementation for the Management of Fatigue in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroid Patients (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Endocrine journal, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Animal Study Vitamin E and curcumin protects hypothyroid-induced altered rectal temp… Review Cellular and molecular mechanisms of curcumin on thyroid gland disorder…	Food compound	Phase I	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05975866 — The Effects of an Anti-inflammatory Diet With or Without Curcumin Supplementation on Anthropometric Measurements, Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones, Anti-TPO, and Systemic Inflammation in Plasma and NFK-B in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Hashimato (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Randomized controlled trial Vitamin C supplementation in patients with hypothyroidism requiring hig… Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05733078 — Effect of Vitamin C Supplementation in Patients With Primary Hypothyroidism (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 Published literature Randomized controlled trial Vitamin C supplementation in patients with hypothyroidism requiring high-dose levothyroxine: a proof-of-concept pilot study (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi… Human Study Vitamin D in hypothyroid patients and association between vitamin D and…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07535671 — The Effect of a Patient Education Program on Vitamin D Levels and Health Beliefs Regarding Vitamin D Use (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT06276205 — Vitamin D & Levothyroxine Combination Versus Levothyroxine on Lipid Profile in Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02301520 — Vitamin D, Iodine, and Lead Levels in Haitian Infants and Children. (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Zinc Natural product Meta-analysis Trace Element Status and Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-a… Human Study Zinc prevents exercise -induced inhibition of both thyroid hormones and… Human Study Zinc supplementation protects sedentary men from exercise-induced decre…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Meta-analysis View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Trace Element Status and Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Biological trace element research, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Systematic review Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic l… Randomized controlled trial The effect of synbiotic supplementation on hypothyroidism: A randomized… Randomized controlled trial Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-su…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Meta-analysis 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04354896 — The Effect of Thyroid Hormone Therapy on Muscle Mass and Function in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02832960 — The TRUST Trial - CardioVascular Imaging ECHO (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02500342 — Effect of Thyroid Hormone Replacement on Fatigability in Untreated Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01853579 — The TRUST Study - Depression Substudy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02832934 — The TRUST Study - CardioVascular Imaging IMT (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Systematic review Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis - systematic review (Endokrynologia Polska, 2024) Randomized controlled trial The effect of synbiotic supplementation on hypothyroidism: A randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial (PloS one, 2023) Randomized controlled trial Randomized Study of the Effects of Zinc, Vitamin A, and Magnesium Co-supplementation on Thyroid Function, Oxidative Stress, and hs-CRP in Patients with Hypothyroidism (Biological trace element research, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Taurine Natural product Animal Study High-dose taurine supplementation has a positive effect in experimental… Animal Study Taurine supplementation may play a protective role against the increase…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	13 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi… Human Study Vitamin D in hypothyroid patients and association between vitamin D and…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	31 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin B12 Natural product Meta-analysis Vitamin B12 levels in thyroid disorders: A systematic review and meta-a… Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02280330 — Iodine Status of Preschoolers Given Micronutrient Powder for 6 Months (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Vitamin B12 levels in thyroid disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Animal Study Dietary fish oil enhances thyroid hormone signaling in the liver. Animal Study The active constituent of black seed, thymoquinone, reversed non-alcoho…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05019118 — Dietary Intervention With Únicla Dairy Products (DANTIAN) (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ashwagandha Natural product Human Study Treatment with ashwagandha may be beneficial for normalizing thyroid in… Animal Study The present data indicate that ashwagandha root extract could prevent t…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Black Seed Oil Natural product Animal Study The active constituent of black seed, thymoquinone, reversed non-alcoho… Animal Study Thymoquinone Ameliorate Hepatorenal toxicity associated with propylthio… Animal Study Thymoquinone improved redox homeostasis in the heart and aorta in hypot…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Selenium Natural product Clinical trial publication Effect of Selenomethionine- Enriched Yeast on Hypothyroidism Patients Clinical trial publication The impact of nutritional counseling on thyroid disorders in head and n… Clinical trial publication Myo-inositol plus selenium supplementation restores euthyroid state in…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 3 Meta-analysis 11 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT05019118 — Dietary Intervention With Únicla Dairy Products (DANTIAN) (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02280330 — Iodine Status of Preschoolers Given Micronutrient Powder for 6 Months (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Effect of Selenomethionine- Enriched Yeast on Hypothyroidism Patients (Archives of Razi Institute, 2025) Clinical trial publication The impact of nutritional counseling on thyroid disorders in head and neck cancer patients after (chemo)radiotherapy: results from a prospective interventional trial (Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2022) Clinical trial publication Myo-inositol plus selenium supplementation restores euthyroid state in Hashimoto's patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2017) Clinical trial publication Myo-inositol and selenium reduce the risk of developing overt hypothyroidism in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2017) Clinical trial publication Selenium supplementation could restore euthyroidism in subclinical hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Endokrynologia Polska, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Boswellia Natural product Animal Study A traditionally used herbal combination could potentially use as a trea… Animal Study The beneficial effects of olibanum on memory deficit induced by hypothy…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Animal Study Vitamin E and curcumin protects hypothyroid-induced altered rectal temp… Review Cellular and molecular mechanisms of curcumin on thyroid gland disorder…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05975866 — The Effects of an Anti-inflammatory Diet With or Without Curcumin Supplementation on Anthropometric Measurements, Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones, Anti-TPO, and Systemic Inflammation in Plasma and NFK-B in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients With Hashimato (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ginseng Natural product Human Study Ginseng improves the condition of patients with congestive heart failur…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Saffron Natural product Animal Study A traditionally used herbal combination could potentially use as a trea…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Animal Study Antioxidant effects of α-lipoic acid against epididymal oxidative damag… Animal Study High-intensity interval training ameliorates spatial and recognition me…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Melatonin Natural product Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study Carnitine supplementation may correct carnitine deficiences associated… Human Study Selenium supplementation could restore euthyroidism in one third of sub…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Chamomile Natural product Animal Study Matricaria chamomilla extract ameliorated hypothyroidism associated wit…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bacopa Natural product Animal Study Unveiling the intriguing potential of Bacopa monnieri extract in allevi…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cannabidiol Natural product Animal Study CBD can be considered to use in hypothyroidism conditions and to mainta…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
(5R)-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol Natural product Human Study Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pes…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Suramin Natural product Thyroid dysfunction in African trypanosomiasis: a possible role for inf…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Alvocidib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Staurosporine Natural product Selenium has a protective role in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis induced…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Lestaurtinib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Chrysin Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Neuroinflammation in hypothyroidism? Chrysin treatment as a strategy to… Animal Study Chrysin restores memory deficit in hypothyroidism. Animal Study Chrysin treatment reverses depressive-like behaviours in hypothyroid fe…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Iodine Natural product Human Study Iodine deficiency may be a common problem in premature newborns. Meta Analysis Safety Study: There is little evidence that in those with normal thyroi… Human Study Congenital hypothyroidism and mental retardation may be linked to iodin…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Genistein Natural product Human Study The soy isoflavone genistein does not adversely effect thyroid function… Animal Study Phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in m… Animal Study Safety Study: genistein does not appear to have a hypothyroid effect.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Hesperidin Natural product Animal Study Eltroxin and hesperidin mitigate testicular and renal damage in hypothy… Animal Study The protective effect of hesperidin on the liver in hypothyroidism. Animal Study The protective impact of hesperidin against carbimazole-induced hypothy…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Nigella Sativa (Aka Black Seed) Natural product Animal Study N. sativa extract has potential to prevent the hippocampal neural damag… Animal Study Nigella sativa could reduce the chances of hypothyroidism induced gastr… Animal Study The active constituent of black seed, thymoquinone, reversed non-alcoho…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Soy Natural product Meta Analysis Safety Study: There is little evidence that in those with normal thyroi… Human Study The soy isoflavone genistein does not adversely effect thyroid function…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Thyroid Extract Natural product Human Study Desiccated thyroid extract compares favorably with levothyroxine in the… Human Study Dessicated thyroid (Armour) has been associated with superior clinical… Meta Analysis, Review Exposure to high-fluoride drinking water appears to non-linearly affect…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Guggul Natural product Animal Study Guggul ameliorates hypothyroidism in the mouse experimental model. Animal Study Guggul increases T3 concentrations and the T3/T4 ratio in mice.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Polyphenols Natural product Animal Study Muskmelon, watermelon and mango fruit may have an ameliorative effect o… Animal Study Phytochemical profiling of polyphenols and thyroid stimulatory activity…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Isoflavones Natural product Meta Analysis Safety Study: There is little evidence that in those with normal thyroi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Soy Protein Natural product Meta Analysis Safety Study: There is little evidence that in those with normal thyroi… Human Study The soy isoflavone genistein does not adversely effect thyroid function…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Gamma-Oryzanol Natural product Human Study Gamma-oryzanol produces a signficant reduction in elevated TSH levels i…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Rice Bran Natural product Human Study Gamma-oryzanol produces a signficant reduction in elevated TSH levels i…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Homeopathic Medicine: All Natural product Human Study Homeopathic intervention was beneficial in subclinical hypothyroidism w…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Pycnogenol (Pine Bark) Natural product Human Study Pycnogenol prevents oxidative stress and side effects in patients with…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
B-Complex Natural product Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Vitamin a Natural product Human Study A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol su… Human Study There is a high (approx 40%) prevalence of B12 deficiency in hypothyroi… Human Study Vitamin D in hypothyroid patients and association between vitamin D and…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Broccoli Sprouts Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Broccoli sprouts and their influence on thyroid function.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Black Pepper Natural product Animal Study A traditionally used herbal combination could potentially use as a trea… Animal Study The active constituent of black seed, thymoquinone, reversed non-alcoho…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ferulic Acid Natural product Animal Study Ameliorative effect of ferulic acid on thyroid dysfunction against prop…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Thiamine (B-1) Natural product Animal Study Ameliorative effects of thiamin on learning behavior and memory dysfunc…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bauhinia Purpurea Natural product Animal Study Ashwaganda and Bauhinia purpurea stimulate thyroid function.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ayurvedic Formulation: Liv52 Natural product Animal Study Live 52 appears to prevent the induction of liver damage-induced T3 dow…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lemon Balm Natural product Animal Study Melissa officinalis extract suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress-ind…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Flavonoids Natural product Animal Study Muskmelon, watermelon and mango fruit may have an ameliorative effect o…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Mango Natural product Animal Study Muskmelon, watermelon and mango fruit may have an ameliorative effect o…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Muskmelon Natural product Animal Study Muskmelon, watermelon and mango fruit may have an ameliorative effect o…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Watermelon Natural product Animal Study Muskmelon, watermelon and mango fruit may have an ameliorative effect o…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Nobiletin Natural product Animal Study Nobiletin restores reduced mitochondrial metabolism in hypothyroid rat…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Biochanin a Natural product Animal Study Phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Daidzein Natural product Animal Study Phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in m…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Formononetin Natural product Animal Study Phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Phytoestrogens Natural product Animal Study Phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ginsenosides Natural product Animal Study Protective role of the ginsenoside Rg1 against methimazole-induced gest…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Parsley Natural product Animal Study Results suggested the ameliorative effect of Petroselinum crispum again…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Royal Jelly Natural product Animal Study Royal jelly increased MAP-2 expression and exhibited a therapeutic effe…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fucoxanthin Natural product Animal Study This study provides evidence of the protective effects of fucoxanthin s…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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