Hepatitis B

Disease overview

Alterations

Molecular (A)

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

135

Via biomarker

229

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

363

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, Examine.com, disease_db_100 · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Chronic HBV: spontaneous HBsAg loss (functional cure) in 0.5-2%/year on antiviral therapy, 0.1-0.5%/year without treatment; HBeAg seroconversion spontaneous in 5-10%/year; progression to cirrhosis in 20-25% of untreated chronic HBV over 20 years

Best-intervention remission

Current antivirals (entecavir, tenofovir): suppress HBV DNA to undetectable in >95% but do not clear cccDNA reservoir; functional cure (HBsAg loss) in 1-3%/year on antiviral; combination anti-HBsAg approaches in trials showing 20-40% functional cure rates at 48 weeks

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Very large — suppressive therapy prevents cirrhosis but does not cure; functional cure rate on current therapy is very low; treatment gap in LMIC enormous (only 30% of eligible patients treated globally)

Primary barrier

biological + access

Barrier detail: The cccDNA reservoir in hepatocytes cannot be cleared by current antivirals; cure requires either HBsAg clearance or cccDNA elimination; 296 million people with chronic HBV globally, only ~30% on treatment; HBV vaccination has transformed prevention but treatment of existing infection remains suboptimal

Last SoC change: 2023 — AASLD and EASL guidelines both shifted toward expanding treatment eligibility regardless of ALT or fibrosis stage; tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) replaced TDF as preferred tenofovir form 2016; entecavir and TDF as first-line since 2005-2008; no paradigm change for >15 years

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005344

Alterations

80 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
IFNAR1 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNAR2 interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ITPR3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.44	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IMPDH1 inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.39	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD40 CD40 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.39	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP3A4 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP3A43 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP3A5 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP3A7 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CSF2RB colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CSF2RA colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CSF3R colony stimulating factor 3 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CNTN3 contactin 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR1H4 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK14 cyclin dependent kinase 14	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDH4 cadherin 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.24	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1H calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTSB cathepsin B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.22	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLF15 KLF transcription factor 15	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.22	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LZTS1 leucine zipper tumor suppressor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GUCA2B guanylate cyclase activator 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFATC1 nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCLAF1 BCL2 associated transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ABAT 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRM4 glutamate metabotropic receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAP7 microtubule associated protein 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.15	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD274 CD274 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.14	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HAPSTR1 HUWE1 associated protein modifying stress responses	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD8A CD8 subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GPT glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AFP alpha fetoprotein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KDR kinase insert domain receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KRT88P keratin 88, pseudogene	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	Ensembl Open Targets
IFNG interferon gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT1 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EXOG exo/endonuclease G	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT4 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CFAP100 cilia and flagella associated protein 100	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL17A interleukin 17A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KIT KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GUCA2A guanylate cyclase activator 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL2 interleukin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD40LG CD40 ligand	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ABL1 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DDR2 discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR1 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MET MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT3 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NTRK1 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPHA2 EPH receptor A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FRK fyn related Src family tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAPK11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL23A interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IP6K3 inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNGR1 interferon gamma receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL10RB interleukin 10 receptor subunit beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL23R interleukin 23 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNLR1 interferon lambda receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IFNGR2 interferon gamma receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KIR3DL1 killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor, three Ig domains and long cytoplasmic tail 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FANCD2 FA complementation group D2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.07	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MTFR2 mitochondrial fission regulator 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.06	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CXCL9 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.06	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IYD iodotyrosine deiodinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.06	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HLA-DRB1 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.05	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APBB3 amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.04	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCN2 cellular communication network factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.03	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Absolute serum HBsAg and change from baseline across all timepoints in the study	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Adverse events	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Anti-HAV and Anti-HBs Antibody Concentrations	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Anti-HBs antibody concentrations	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Cmax	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
HBsAg loss	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Number of Seroprotected Subjects Against Hepatitis B Surface (HBs) Antigen	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Number of Subjects With Anti-HAV and Anti-HBs Antibody Concentrations Above the Cut-off Value	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
EPIRUBICIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT00262210 — A Comparative Study for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Hepatitis B Virus Carriers (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACYCLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADALIMUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALANINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 7 Meta-analysis 43 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06184347 — Population-wide Research for HBV-related Liver Diseases in Maoming City (UNKNOWN) NCT05797714 — The Effectiveness and Safety of TMF in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Normal ALT. (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT01226433 — Family Planning Through Dairy Cooperatives (COMPLETED) NCT04723602 — Evaluation of Safety, Tolerability and Immune Responses of Ebola-S and Marburg Vaccines in Healthy Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01463254 — A Prospective Observational Study of the Clinical Performance of Femplant in Pakistan (COMPLETED) NCT01833611 — Entecavir for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Persistently Normal ALT (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00570440 — Continuous Use of COCs (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01452503 — Assessing Preference for 3 Female Condoms: A Comparative Evaluation of the PATH Woman's Condom, FC2 and the Reddy 6 (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Systematic review Hepatitis B virus infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in China - systematic review and meta-analysis (Renal failure, 2010) Systematic review Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001) Clinical trial publication Phase 3 Results of Bepirovirsen Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (The New England journal of medicine, 2026) Clinical trial publication VIR-2218 (elebsiran) plus pegylated interferon-alfa-2a in participants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a phase 2 study (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Preventing viral relapse with prophylactic tenofovir in hepatitis B carriers receiving chemotherapy: a phase IV randomized study in Taiwan (Hepatology international, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of the siRNA JNJ-73763989 and the capsid assembly modulator JNJ-56136379 (bersacapavir) with nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (REEF-1): a multicentre, double-blind, active-controlled, randomised, phase 2b trial (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2023) Clinical trial publication B-Clear Phase 2b Study Design: Establishing the Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (Advances in therapy, 2023) Randomized controlled trial Safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of JNJ-64530440, a novel capsid assembly modulator, as 4 week monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALDESLEUKIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALECTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPELISIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPROSTADIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCIMINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BLEOMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BLINATUMOMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB MONOHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSULFAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPECITABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPMATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CELECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CEMIPLIMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CETUXIMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLOROQUINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
COBIMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
COSIBELIMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CRIZOTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DABRAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DABRAFENIB MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACTINOMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Sources	Links
ADEFOVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEPIROVIRSEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BESIFOVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICTEGRAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOCEPREVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANOCAPAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLEVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COBICISTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVIRENZ	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELVITEGRAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMTRICITABINE, (+/-)-	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEDIPASVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERACORVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBETICHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFACON-2	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRADEFOVIR MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBAVIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILPIVIRINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITONAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RO-0622	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOFOSBUVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENOFOVIR ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPRANAVIR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMDOXOVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTROQUINONOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APG-1387	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVENCIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENMELSTOBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERSACAPAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BULEVIRTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARUNAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DETIVICICLOVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ABEMACICLIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACYCLOVIR Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADALIMUMAB Repurposing via CD40LG	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALANINE Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 7 Meta-analysis 43 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06184347 — Population-wide Research for HBV-related Liver Diseases in Maoming City (UNKNOWN) NCT05797714 — The Effectiveness and Safety of TMF in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Normal ALT. (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT01226433 — Family Planning Through Dairy Cooperatives (COMPLETED) NCT04723602 — Evaluation of Safety, Tolerability and Immune Responses of Ebola-S and Marburg Vaccines in Healthy Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01463254 — A Prospective Observational Study of the Clinical Performance of Femplant in Pakistan (COMPLETED) NCT01833611 — Entecavir for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Persistently Normal ALT (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00570440 — Continuous Use of COCs (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01452503 — Assessing Preference for 3 Female Condoms: A Comparative Evaluation of the PATH Woman's Condom, FC2 and the Reddy 6 (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Systematic review Hepatitis B virus infection and related factors in hemodialysis patients in China - systematic review and meta-analysis (Renal failure, 2010) Systematic review Chinese medicinal herbs for chronic hepatitis B (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001) Clinical trial publication Phase 3 Results of Bepirovirsen Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (The New England journal of medicine, 2026) Clinical trial publication VIR-2218 (elebsiran) plus pegylated interferon-alfa-2a in participants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a phase 2 study (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Preventing viral relapse with prophylactic tenofovir in hepatitis B carriers receiving chemotherapy: a phase IV randomized study in Taiwan (Hepatology international, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of the siRNA JNJ-73763989 and the capsid assembly modulator JNJ-56136379 (bersacapavir) with nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (REEF-1): a multicentre, double-blind, active-controlled, randomised, phase 2b trial (The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2023) Clinical trial publication B-Clear Phase 2b Study Design: Establishing the Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection (Advances in therapy, 2023) Randomized controlled trial Safety, antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of JNJ-64530440, a novel capsid assembly modulator, as 4 week monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALDESLEUKIN Repurposing via CD40	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ALECTINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPELISIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPROSTADIL Repurposing via CD40LG	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCIMINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN Repurposing via AFP	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing via CD40LG	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing via CD274	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing via AFP	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1H	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BLEOMYCIN Repurposing via AFP	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BLINATUMOMAB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB MONOHYDRATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSULFAN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPECITABINE Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPMATINIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN Repurposing via CD274	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CELECOXIB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CEMIPLIMAB Repurposing via CD274	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CETUXIMAB Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLOROQUINE Repurposing via BRAF	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via CCN2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABAT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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