GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) — RepurpOS

Disease overview

Alterations

111

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

Via biomarker

109

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

203

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Symptom recurrence in 70-80% within 6 months of PPI discontinuation in erosive GERD; highly variable in non-erosive disease; ~20% of GERD is nonerosive, where acid suppression is less effective

Best-intervention remission

Weight loss of >10% reduces symptoms in 65-81% of obese patients; laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery (Nissen fundoplication) achieves long-term symptom control in 85-92% and eliminates daily PPI need in majority; bariatric surgery in obese patients near-eliminates GERD

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large for lifestyle/surgical approaches vs standard chronic PPI use

Primary barrier

framing/practice

Barrier detail: AGA 2022 guidelines explicitly recommend PPI de-escalation or discontinuation in patients without erosive esophagitis or Barrett's — yet 84 million monthly Medicare PPI claims in 2019 suggest massive overprescription; most patients are never offered surgical or intensive lifestyle options

Last SoC change: 2022 — AGA Clinical Practice Update on PPI de-prescribing (explicit guidance to attempt discontinuation in low-risk patients); 2022 vonoprazan (P-CAB) approved as alternative; PPI-first strategy unchanged since 1989

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0007186 · ORPHA: ORPHA:320385

Right to Try Relevance

Eligibility: This disease meets the federal and state right-to-try legal standard (21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-0a and Montana SB 535): it lacks disease-modifying therapy with indication-specific FDA approval. Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease may be eligible to access investigational therapies outside of clinical trials under right-to-try frameworks.

Investigational Agents

Phase 3: 12, Phase 2: 35, Phase 1: 4

Most Advanced Phase

Phase 3

Highest dev. stage

Gene Targets

111

Actionable

Pipeline Compounds (Top 6)

Darapladib, Fenretinide, Baclofen, Colesevelam Hydrochloride, Desipramine, Domperidone

Legal Standard: Right-to-try requires the disease lacks "adequate approved therapy for that specific disease" (not symptom-management drugs). This distinction means a disease with antidepressants available still qualifies if no FDA approval exists for THAT disease indication.

View Right-to-Try Compendium

Alterations

111 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Barrett esophagus	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Cough	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Esophageal neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Esophagitis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Gastroesophageal reflux	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
ABCC8 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ACTL6A actin like 6A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADGRA1 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AFF3 ALF transcription elongation factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOB apolipoprotein B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOE apolipoprotein E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARHGAP42 Rho GTPase activating protein 42	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARPP21 cAMP regulated phosphoprotein 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AS3MT arsenite methyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP2A2 ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP2A3 ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP4A ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP4B ATPase H+/K+ transporting subunit beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Annualized Rate of Asthma Exacerbations	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
B3GLCT beta 3-glucosyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BARX1 BARX homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Bioavailability - measurement of pH over time	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
CA10 carbonic anhydrase 10 (inactive)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACYBP calcyclin binding protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCKAR cholecystokinin A receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCKBR cholecystokinin B receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CELF4 CUGBP Elav-like family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CEP170 centrosomal protein 170	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHAT choline O-acetyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHRM1 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COL5A1 collagen type V alpha 1 chain	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CPED1 cadherin like and PC-esterase domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CXADR CXADR cell adhesion molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DRD2 dopamine receptor D2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPHA4 EPH receptor A4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETAA1 ETAA1 activator of ATR kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAM120AOS family with sequence similarity 120 member A opposite strand	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FBLN1 fibulin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGF10 fibroblast growth factor 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FNDC3A fibronectin type III domain containing 3A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FUT9 fucosyltransferase 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABBR1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABBR2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GATB glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase subunit B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GMDS GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRM8 glutamate metabotropic receptor 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HDAC7 histone deacetylase 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HHIP hedgehog interacting protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HIVEP2 HIVEP zinc finger 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HRH2 histamine receptor H2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HSD11B1 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HSD11B2 hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HSD17B12 hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR3A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR4 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF1 interferon regulatory factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNG2 potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily G member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLHL24 kelch like family member 24	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LA grade 0(zero)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
MAD1L1 mitotic arrest deficient 1 like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAML3 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAP2 microtubule associated protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MECOM MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MED27 mediator complex subunit 27	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MFAP2 microfibril associated protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MRPL47 mitochondrial ribosomal protein L47	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MTNR1A melatonin receptor 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MTNR1B melatonin receptor 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MYPN myopalladin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NAV3 neuron navigator 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NBEA neurobeachin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRP2 neuropilin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NTN4 netrin 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NXPH1 neurexophilin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PBX3 PBX homeobox 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCDH17 protocadherin 17	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCDH9 protocadherin 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PEX5L peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 like	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PGA5 pepsinogen A5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRAG1 PEAK1 related, kinase-activating pseudokinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGER3 prostaglandin E receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Pharmacodynamic Measurements of Cmax, Tmax and t1/2	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Pre and post-gastrostomy evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in children using 24-hour pH monitoring	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Quality of life	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
RAB5B RAB5B, member RAS oncogene family	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RPS6KA3 ribosomal protein S6 kinase A3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SATB2 SATB homeobox 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SDK1 sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SKI SKI proto-oncogene	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC39A8 solute carrier family 39 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SNRK SNF related kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SORCS3 sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
STMND1 stathmin domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TAMM41 TAM41 mitochondrial translocator assembly and maintenance homolog	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TANK TRAF family member associated NFKB activator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF4 transcription factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TERF1 telomeric repeat binding factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TOPAZ1 testis and ovary specific TOPAZ 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TSKU tsukushi, small leucine rich proteoglycan	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TSNARE1 t-SNARE domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WT1 WT1 transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
YLPM1 YLP motif containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZFHX3 zinc finger homeobox 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZMIZ1 zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets

FDA-Approved Therapies

Phase 4 agents with regulatory approval for this indication

Drug Name	Mechanism	Type
ACETAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
ACETOHEXAMIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
ADUCANUMAB		Gene-targeted
AMPHETAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
APIXABAN		Gene-targeted
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE		Gene-targeted
BICALUTAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
CARBACHOL	None	Gene-targeted
CELECOXIB		Gene-targeted
CHLORPROPAMIDE	inhibitor; blocker	Gene-targeted
CHOLESTEROL		Gene-targeted
CHOLESTYRAMINE RESIN		Gene-targeted
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA		Gene-targeted
CIPROFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
CISPLATIN		Gene-targeted
CLOMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
DABIGATRAN		Gene-targeted
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL		Gene-targeted
DEXAMETHASONE		Gene-targeted
DIAZEPAM	None	Gene-targeted
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE		Gene-targeted
DICHLORPHENAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	None	Gene-targeted
DONANEMAB		Gene-targeted
DONEPEZIL		Gene-targeted
EDOXABAN		Gene-targeted
EMPAGLIFLOZIN		Gene-targeted
EPIRUBICIN	None	Gene-targeted
ETHOXZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED		Gene-targeted
FLUMAZENIL	None	Gene-targeted
FLUVASTATIN		Gene-targeted
GALANTAMINE		Gene-targeted
GANCICLOVIR		Gene-targeted
GLICLAZIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
GLIMEPIRIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
GLIPIZIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
GLYBURIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE		Gene-targeted
IMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
INCLISIRAN		Gene-targeted
INDAPAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
INDOMETHACIN	None	Gene-targeted
IRBESARTAN		Gene-targeted
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE	None	Gene-targeted
LECANEMAB		Gene-targeted
LOMITAPIDE MESYLATE		Gene-targeted
LORAZEPAM		Gene-targeted
LOVASTATIN		Gene-targeted
LUTEIN		Gene-targeted
MAFENIDE	None	Gene-targeted
MECAMYLAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
METFORMIN		Gene-targeted
METHAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
METHOXSALEN	None	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL	None	Gene-targeted
MIANSERIN	None	Gene-targeted
MIPOMERSEN		Gene-targeted
MITIGLINIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
NALIDIXIC ACID	None	Gene-targeted
NATEGLINIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
NEVIRAPINE		Gene-targeted
NICOTINE	None	Gene-targeted
NICOTINE POLACRILEX		Gene-targeted
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE		Gene-targeted
NORFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
OFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
PANOBINOSTAT		Gene-targeted
PHENYTOIN	None	Gene-targeted
PITAVASTATIN		Gene-targeted
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM		Gene-targeted
PRAZOSIN	None	Gene-targeted
PREDNISONE		Gene-targeted
REPAGLINIDE	inhibitor; blocker	Gene-targeted
RITONAVIR		Gene-targeted
RIVAROXABAN		Gene-targeted
RIVASTIGMINE		Gene-targeted
SIROLIMUS	None	Gene-targeted
SULBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	None	Gene-targeted
TAZOBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TOLAZAMIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
TOLBUTAMIDE	blocker	Gene-targeted
TOLBUTAMIDE SODIUM	blocker	Gene-targeted
TRETINOIN		Gene-targeted
TRIAMCINOLONE		Gene-targeted
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
TROGLITAZONE		Gene-targeted
TROGLITAZONE	None	Gene-targeted

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
IMIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01753128 — Efficacy of Imipramine for Treatment of Patients With Esophageal Hypersensitivity/ Functional Heartburn (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06778824 — Neuroregulators for the Treatment of Diseases Associated With Esophageal-brain-gut Axis Communication Abnormalities. (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Treatment of esophageal (noncardiac) chest pain: an expert review (Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014) Clinical trial publication Imipramine for Treatment of Esophageal Hypersensitivity and Functional Heartburn: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOHEXAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHLORPROPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 Meta-analysis View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Mapping Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multivariable Mendelian Randomization and Shared Genetic Etiology (Clinical cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability Outcomes (Pharmacopsychiatry, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTYRAMINE RESIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DABIGATRAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	4 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EDOXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EMPAGLIFLOZIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLICLAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLIMEPIRIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLIPIZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLYBURIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INCLISIRAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOMITAPIDE MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIPOMERSEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MITIGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NEVIRAPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITAVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03363698 — MCT and Capsaicin Provocation Challenge in Diagnosis of Chronic Cough (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of Pharmacologic Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2018) Clinical trial publication Oral corticosteroids increase esophageal acid contact times in patients with stable asthma (Chest, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RIVAROXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLAZAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BACLOFEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOMPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN GLURATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOCLOPRAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMELTEON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM ALGINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGASEROD	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARBACLOFEN PLACARBIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD1386	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD2066	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUDESONIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSAMPRENAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANREOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAVOLTIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LESOGABERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NARONAPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORCISAPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORTRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUMOSETRAG	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RASEGLURANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVEXEPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTAROXIME Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSPIRONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAVOGLURANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOXOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALGINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMITRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBENOXOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIMETIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLARITHROMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXLANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXRABEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENPROSTIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERYTHROMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE STRONTIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEFARNATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILAPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRSOGLADINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAFUTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLMETHIONINE SULFONIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOSAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIPEROTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIZATIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRENZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROGLUMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANITIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANITIDINE BISMUTH CITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAMIPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROXATIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTRALINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMETHICONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BICARBONATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCRALFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULGLICOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGOPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEPRENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROXIPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOLIMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
BACLOFEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COLESEVELAM HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOMPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN GLURATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOCLOPRAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMELTEON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM ALGINATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGASEROD	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARBACLOFEN PLACARBIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD1386	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD2066	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUDESONIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSAMPRENAVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANREOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAVOLTIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LESOGABERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAPRAZAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NARONAPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORCISAPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORTRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUMOSETRAG	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RASEGLURANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVEXEPRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THEOPHYLLINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSPIRONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAVOGLURANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOXOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALGINIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMITRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMOXICILLIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISMUTH SUBNITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBENOXOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIMETIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLARITHROMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXLANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXRABEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENPROSTIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERYTHROMYCIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESOMEPRAZOLE STRONTIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEFARNATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILAPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01753128 — Efficacy of Imipramine for Treatment of Patients With Esophageal Hypersensitivity/ Functional Heartburn (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06778824 — Neuroregulators for the Treatment of Diseases Associated With Esophageal-brain-gut Axis Communication Abnormalities. (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Treatment of esophageal (noncardiac) chest pain: an expert review (Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014) Clinical trial publication Imipramine for Treatment of Esophageal Hypersensitivity and Functional Heartburn: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRSOGLADINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAFUTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANSOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLMETHIONINE SULFONIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MISOPROSTOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOSAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIPEROTIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIZATIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRENZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROGLUMIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANITIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANITIDINE BISMUTH CITRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBAMIPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROXATIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTRALINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMETHICONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BICARBONATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUCRALFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULGLICOTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGOPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEPRENONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROXIPIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VONOPRAZAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOLIMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOHEXAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHLORPROPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 Meta-analysis View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Mapping Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multivariable Mendelian Randomization and Shared Genetic Etiology (Clinical cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability Outcomes (Pharmacopsychiatry, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTYRAMINE RESIN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN Repurposing via ACTL6A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DABIGATRAN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZOXIDE CHOLINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	4 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EDOXABAN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EMPAGLIFLOZIN Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLICLAZIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLIMEPIRIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLIPIZIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GLYBURIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01753128 — Efficacy of Imipramine for Treatment of Patients With Esophageal Hypersensitivity/ Functional Heartburn (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06778824 — Neuroregulators for the Treatment of Diseases Associated With Esophageal-brain-gut Axis Communication Abnormalities. (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Treatment of esophageal (noncardiac) chest pain: an expert review (Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014) Clinical trial publication Imipramine for Treatment of Esophageal Hypersensitivity and Functional Heartburn: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCLISIRAN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOMITAPIDE MESYLATE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOVASTATIN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIPOMERSEN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MITIGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATEGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NEVIRAPINE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT Repurposing via ACTL6A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITAVASTATIN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03363698 — MCT and Capsaicin Provocation Challenge in Diagnosis of Chronic Cough (COMPLETED) Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of Pharmacologic Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2018) Clinical trial publication Oral corticosteroids increase esophageal acid contact times in patients with stable asthma (Chest, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RIVAROXABAN Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLAZAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TOLBUTAMIDE SODIUM Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTAROXIME Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR Repurposing via APOB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABCC8	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

60 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Melatonin Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo… Human Study Melatonin has a role in the improvement of gastroesophageal reflux dise… Review Melatonin may provide a safe and effective alternative to proton-pump i…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	17	3 trials 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT00915616 — The Potential Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT04392063 — Melatonin for Cerebral Palsy Children's Sleep and Health (COMPLETED) NA NCT00564590 — SThe Effects of Melatonin on GERD Symptoms (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo… Human Study Melatonin has a role in the improvement of gastroesophageal reflux dise… Review Melatonin may provide a safe and effective alternative to proton-pump i…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	16	3 trials 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT00915616 — The Potential Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT04392063 — Melatonin for Cerebral Palsy Children's Sleep and Health (COMPLETED) NA NCT00564590 — SThe Effects of Melatonin on GERD Symptoms (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Probiotics Natural product Meta-analysis What is the efficacy of dietary, nutraceutical, and probiotic intervent… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa…	Probiotic	Approved	Emerging	16	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT07148583 — BioAmicus Complete for Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants Aged 0 to 24 Months (RECRUITING) NA NCT07600008 — Development of a Preparation for Supportive Supplementation of Probiotics in Patients With Reflux (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT01956682 — Hypoallergenic Infant Formula Containing Starch and the Probiotic: Effect on Gastric Emptying (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06664008 — The Effect of Probiotic and Zinc Supplementation in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT06488274 — Evolution of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants Fed With a New Infant Formula (RECRUITING) NA NCT03600974 — A New System for GERD Diagnosis and Treatment (UNKNOWN) NCT01497743 — Probiotics in Patients With Moderate-to-severe Distention/ Bloating From Systemic Sclerosis (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 NCT00324532 — to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of the Probiotic E. Coli Strain M17 on Patients With GERD (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Meta-analysis What is the efficacy of dietary, nutraceutical, and probiotic interventions for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Glutamine Natural product Multi-omics analysis identifies gut microbiota-glutamine axis contribut… The role of dietary components in upper gastrointestinal cancers: A nar… Asparagine Synthetase Deficiency	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	13	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01798342 — Safety of Gastric Volume Emptying After the Intake of Maltodextrin and Glutamine (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Vitamin B12 Natural product Randomized controlled trial Regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms using dietary su… Human Study Ranitidine inhibits the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor and absor… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	7 trials 1 Meta-analysis 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06304142 — Effect of Lidocaine Block on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06215794 — Effect of Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block on Pharyngeal Dysphagia Induced by Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT07620899 — Biological Optimization Versus Standard Care in Post-POEM Achalasia Patients (BIO-POEM) (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT06319521 — Stellate Ganglion Block on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06215742 — Clinical Effect of Stellate Ganglion Block on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT06328205 — Impact of Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block on Swallowing Difficulties Caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06304870 — Impact of Blocking the Glossopharyngeal Nerve on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Randomized controlled trial Regression of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms using dietary supplementation with melatonin, vitamins and aminoacids: comparison with omeprazole (Journal of pineal research, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ginger Natural product Animal Study Ginger has a gastroprotective effect through its acid blocking and anti… In Vitro Study Ginger is superior to lansoprazole at blocking ulcer formation.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07041060 — Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Eolo in Patients With NERD (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	9 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Psyllium Natural product Human Study Treatment of functional constipation by Psyllium seed in patients with…	Botanical	Approved	Emerging	10	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01882088 — Phase IV Study of the Impact of Dietary Fibers on Symptoms and Esophageal Motility in Patients With Non-erosive GERD (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Vitamin E Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Ranitidine inhibits the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor and absor…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Water Natural product Systematic review Esophageal-Pericardial Fistula: A Systematic Review of Etiology, Diagno… Systematic review How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from… Systematic review A systematic review of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for…	Food compound	Approved	Emerging	9	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03777787 — Bitter Tastants and Reflux (COMPLETED) NA NCT06984484 — Performance and Safety of Afluxin® in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT00693225 — Impact of Timing on the Efficacy of Zegerid 40 mg in Healing Reflux Esophagitis: A Pilot Study (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02200055 — Using Electrical Bioimpedance Assessments to Estimate Perioperative Total Body Water and Postoperative Fluid Need (COMPLETED) NA NCT02425553 — Effects of Diet on Reflux and Dyspepsia (COMPLETED) NCT06831344 — A Study to Evaluate Two Vonoprazan Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulations Administered Without Water or Mixed With Water and Administered Via a Syringe Relative to the Vonoprazan Tablet in Healthy Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02226484 — Can Quercetin Increase Claudin-4 and Improve Esophageal Barrier Function in GERD? (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04097236 — Body Position and Ultrasound Examination of the Gastric Antrum (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Esophageal-Pericardial Fistula: A Systematic Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Features, Management, and Outcomes (Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2025) Systematic review How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from Functional Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or Other Causes? A Systematic Review of Clinical Intervention Studies (Complementary medicine research, 2024) Systematic review A systematic review of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux in infants (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
sodium chloride Natural product Stability of pantoprazole sodium in glass vials, polyvinyl chloride min… Physical and chemical stability of esomeprazole sodium solutions Vocal cord dysfunction concurrent with a nutcracker esophagus and the r…	Food compound	Approved	Emerging	9	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03746691 — Effect of Citalopram on Reflux Episodes in Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05422404 — Anti-Reflux Mucosal Ablation(ARMA) and Anti-Reflux Mucosectomy(ARMS) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06984484 — Performance and Safety of Afluxin® in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT05570448 — Anti-Reflux Endoscopic TX Using APC (AREA) in GERD Patients: (The AREA Study) (RECRUITING) NA NCT05561179 — Hyaluronic Acid in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03090607 — Novel Endoluminal Clinical TreAtment of Reflux (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03548298 — Antireflux Ablation Therapy (ARAT) for Gastroesophageal Reflux Treatment (COMPLETED) NA NCT06641375 — Anti-Reflux Endoscopic Therapy Using Argon Plasma Coagulation (AREA) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients: A Single Center, Randomized, Sham, Controlled Trial (The AREA Study) (RECRUITING) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Curcumin Natural product In Vitro Study Curcumin inhibits esophageal activation in response to acid.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Lactobacillus Natural product Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa… Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi…	Probiotic	Approved	Emerging	7	6 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01235884 — Prevention of the Minor Digestive Disorders by Lactobacillus Reuteri Supplementation (COMPLETED) NA NCT01837940 — Efficacy of a Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus Reuteri for Digestive Health in an Elderly Population (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01782118 — LGG for Prevention of Infectious Complications During PPI Treatment in Children (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04262648 — Randomized Placebo-controlled Study of L. Reuteri NCIMB 30351 in GI Functional Disorders and Food Allergy in Newborns (COMPLETED) NA NCT06524271 — Effect of Fermented Soybean (FSB) Supplementation on Gas-troesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (COMPLETED) NA NCT01497743 — Probiotics in Patients With Moderate-to-severe Distention/ Bloating From Systemic Sclerosis (WITHDRAWN) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Quercetin Natural product Animal Study Quercetin and vitamin E attenuate the severity of reflux oesophagitis a… In Vitro Study Quercetin inhibits gastric proton pumps.	Food compound	Phase I	Emerging	7	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02226484 — Can Quercetin Increase Claudin-4 and Improve Esophageal Barrier Function in GERD? (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Tryptophan Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	7 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Niacin Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Ranitidine inhibits the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor and absor…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product In Vitro Study Curcumin inhibits esophageal activation in response to acid.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Cochrane View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Paxilline Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Repaglinide Natural product CYP2C83 and 4 define CYP2C8 phenotype: An approach with the substrate…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Omeprazole Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo… Human Study Consumption of rose oil soft capsule alleviates cardinal GERD symptoms… Human Study The relapse rate after short-term treatment with omeprazole was high.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
(2R,4S)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
benzyl-[2-(2,6-dimethylanilino)-2-keto-ethyl]-diethyl-ammonium benzoate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
sodium;(4S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-5-keto-valerate;hydrate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Prickly Pear Cactus Natural product Human Study A standardized extract of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill and Olea europ… Human Study Mucosave formulation is an effective treatment for reducing the frequen…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Astaxanthin Natural product Human Study Astaxanthin reduces reflux symptoms in patients, especially in those wi… Review Review: Astaxanthin shows demonstrable promise for slowing a broad rang…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Lactobacillus Plantarum Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Sodium Bicarbonate Natural product Human Study Mucosave formulation is an effective treatment for reducing the frequen… In Vitro Study Spinach displays significant antacid activity be it in the raw juice fo…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Betaine Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Methionine Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement containing melatonin, l-tryptophan, vitamin B6, fo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Olive Leaf Extract Natural product Human Study A standardized extract of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill and Olea europ… Human Study Mucosave formulation is an effective treatment for reducing the frequen…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Manuka Honey Natural product Human Study Application of Manuka honey in treatment patients with GERD.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Rose Natural product Human Study Consumption of rose oil soft capsule alleviates cardinal GERD symptoms…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Aloe Vera Natural product Human Study Efficacy and safety of Aloe vera syrup for the treatment of gastroesoph…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fiber Natural product Human Study Fiber-enriched diet helps to control symptoms and improves esophageal m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Miso Natural product Human Study Intake of miso soup was associated with lower epigastric symptoms.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Soup Natural product Human Study Intake of miso soup was associated with lower epigastric symptoms.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii Subsp Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lactobacillus Probiotics Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lactobacillus Reuteri Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi… Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Pectin Natural product Human Study Liquid pectin reduced gastroesophageal reflux in children with cerebral…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Fruit: All Natural product Human Study Low prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in vegetarians.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Vegetables: All Natural product Human Study Low prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in vegetarians.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Hydrogen Water Natural product Human Study Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux… Human Study Water compares favorably to acid-blocking drugs by increasing gastric p… Human In Vitro Alkaline water may have therapeutic benefits for patients with reflux d…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Water: Electrolyzed Reduced Natural product Human Study Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux… Human Study Liquid pectin reduced gastroesophageal reflux in children with cerebral… Human Study Water compares favorably to acid-blocking drugs by increasing gastric p…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Olive Natural product Human Study Mucosave formulation is an effective treatment for reducing the frequen… Human Study A standardized extract of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill and Olea europ…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Neem Natural product Human Study Neem bark has therapeutic potential for controlling gastric hypersecret…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Water Natural product Systematic review Esophageal-Pericardial Fistula: A Systematic Review of Etiology, Diagno… Systematic review How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from… Systematic review A systematic review of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for…	Food compound	Approved	Emerging	0	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03777787 — Bitter Tastants and Reflux (COMPLETED) NA NCT06984484 — Performance and Safety of Afluxin® in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT00693225 — Impact of Timing on the Efficacy of Zegerid 40 mg in Healing Reflux Esophagitis: A Pilot Study (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02200055 — Using Electrical Bioimpedance Assessments to Estimate Perioperative Total Body Water and Postoperative Fluid Need (COMPLETED) NA NCT02425553 — Effects of Diet on Reflux and Dyspepsia (COMPLETED) NCT06831344 — A Study to Evaluate Two Vonoprazan Orally Disintegrating Tablet Formulations Administered Without Water or Mixed With Water and Administered Via a Syringe Relative to the Vonoprazan Tablet in Healthy Participants (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02226484 — Can Quercetin Increase Claudin-4 and Improve Esophageal Barrier Function in GERD? (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04097236 — Body Position and Ultrasound Examination of the Gastric Antrum (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review Esophageal-Pericardial Fistula: A Systematic Review of Etiology, Diagnostic Features, Management, and Outcomes (Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology, 2025) Systematic review How Effective Is Drinking Natural Mineral Water against Heartburn from Functional Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or Other Causes? A Systematic Review of Clinical Intervention Studies (Complementary medicine research, 2024) Systematic review A systematic review of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux in infants (Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Alkaline Water Natural product Human In Vitro Alkaline water may have therapeutic benefits for patients with reflux d… Human Study Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux… Human Study Water compares favorably to acid-blocking drugs by increasing gastric p…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Celery Natural product Animal Study Celery extract significantly protects the gastric mucosa and suppresses…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Ellagic Acid Natural product Animal Study Ellagic acid inhibits the gastric proton pumps, reducing acid secretion…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Flavonoids Natural product Animal Study Isorhamnetin alleviates esophageal mucosal injury in a chronic model of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Noni Natural product Animal Study Noni has therapeutic potential in ameliorating reflux esophagitis and g…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Red Sage Natural product Animal Study Red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) contains a compound which inhibits the g…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Catechin Natural product In Vitro Study Catechins such as EGCG (found in green tea) act as proton pump inhibito…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) Natural product In Vitro Study Catechins such as EGCG (found in green tea) act as proton pump inhibito…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Damiana Natural product In Vitro Study Damiana (Turnera ulmifolia) has significant anti-acid and antiulcerogen…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Lactobacillus Fermentum Natural product Human Study Efficacy of a food supplement containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14… Human Study Lactobacillus probiotics could restore the gastric barrier effect in pa… Human Study Lactobacillus reuteri accelerates gastric emptying and improves regurgi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Oleic Acid Natural product In Vitro Study Oleic acid may be a potent inhibitor of the proton pumps.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Spinach Natural product In Vitro Study Spinach displays significant antacid activity be it in the raw juice fo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Tannic Acid Natural product In Vitro Study Tannic acid inhibits the gastric proton pump, indicating its anti-secre…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.