Hypertension — RepurpOS | OpenSourceMedicine

Disease overview

Alterations

114

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

141

Via biomarker

232

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

376

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, OSMF Chronic Disease Review, PubMed MeSH, PubMed Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Not well-characterized as population baseline; routinely framed as irreversible in clinical culture despite contrary trial evidence

Best-intervention remission

Up to 93% had medications discontinued or reduced with intensive residential lifestyle intervention; DASH + weight loss reduced guideline-based medication indication from 51% to 18%; Lancet eClinicalMedicine 2024 meta-analysis confirms lifestyle superiority in motivated patients

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large — primarily a framing and practice gap

Primary barrier

framing/practice

Barrier detail: The 'requires lifelong medication' framing is contradicted by multiple trials when intensive lifestyle intervention is actually delivered; the gap is delivery infrastructure, not biology

Last SoC change: 2017 — ACC/AHA lowered treatment threshold from 140/90 to 130/80 mmHg (JNC 8 2014 had controversially raised threshold for over-60s to 150/90); first-line drug classes (ACE/ARB, CCB, thiazide) unchanged since early 2000s

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0001134 · MESH: D006973 · UMLS_CUI: C0085580

Right to Try Relevance

Eligibility: This disease meets the federal and state right-to-try legal standard (21 U.S.C. § 360bbb-0a and Montana SB 535): it lacks disease-modifying therapy with indication-specific FDA approval. Patients with Essential Hypertension may be eligible to access investigational therapies outside of clinical trials under right-to-try frameworks.

Investigational Agents

102

Phase 3: 47, Phase 2: 43, Phase 1: 12

Most Advanced Phase

Phase 3

Highest dev. stage

Gene Targets

114

Actionable

Pipeline Compounds (Top 6)

Darapladib, Fenretinide, Aliskiren, Azilsartan, Azilsartan Medoxomil, Candesartan

Legal Standard: Right-to-try requires the disease lacks "adequate approved therapy for that specific disease" (not symptom-management drugs). This distinction means a disease with antidepressants available still qualifies if no FDA approval exists for THAT disease indication.

View Right-to-Try Compendium

Alterations

114 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Elevated diastolic blood pressure	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Elevated mean arterial pressure	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Elevated systolic blood pressure	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
ABHD17C abhydrolase domain containing 17C, depalmitoylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ACE angiotensin I converting enzyme	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADH1B alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADRB1 adrenoceptor beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGT angiotensinogen	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGTR1 angiotensin II receptor type 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOE apolipoprotein E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARHGAP42 Rho GTPase activating protein 42	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATG7 autophagy related 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATP2B1 ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AUCt	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
BNC2 basonuclin zinc finger protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
C1GALT1 core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CABCOCO1 ciliary associated calcium binding coiled-coil 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1C calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1D calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1F calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1S calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CALCRL calcitonin receptor like receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CASZ1 castor zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDKAL1 CDKAL1 threonylcarbamoyladenosine tRNA methylthiotransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CEP68 centrosomal protein 68	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHD6 chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHMP1A charged multivesicular body protein 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CMIP c-Maf inducing protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure(mmHg)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure(mmHg)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Mean Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure (msDBP) From Baseline to End of Study (Week 8)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Mean Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure (msSBP) From Baseline to End of Study (Week 8)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Cmax	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
DBH dopamine beta-hydroxylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EBF1 EBF transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EBF2 EBF transcription factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ENPEP glutamyl aminopeptidase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAT3 FAT atypical cadherin 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FBN2 fibrillin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FES FES proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGF5 fibroblast growth factor 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FURIN furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FUT2 fucosyltransferase 2 (H blood group)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GATA5 GATA binding protein 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GTF2I general transcription factor IIi	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GUCY1A1 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HRCT1 histidine rich carboxyl terminus 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
INSR insulin receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAG1 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JPH2 junctophilin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNK3 potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KDM2B lysine demethylase 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KDM4B lysine demethylase 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPA lipoprotein(a)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRRC10B leucine rich repeat containing 10B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LSP1 lymphocyte specific protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAPK4 mitogen-activated protein kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MECOM MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MPPED2 metallophosphoesterase domain containing 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Mean Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure (MSDBP)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
NFATC2 nuclear factor of activated T cells 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NGF nerve growth factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NOS3 nitric oxide synthase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NPNT nephronectin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NPR3 natriuretic peptide receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C2 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Overall Percentage of Patients With Adverse Events	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
PATJ PATJ crumbs cell polarity complex component	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCDH18 protocadherin 18	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE1A phosphodiesterase 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE3A phosphodiesterase 3A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PHC3 polyhomeotic homolog 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PIK3CG phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLCE1 phospholipase C epsilon 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLEKHG1 pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLPP3 phospholipid phosphatase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRDM6 PR/SET domain 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PREX1 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRKAG2 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRKCE protein kinase C epsilon	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGIS prostaglandin I2 synthase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
REN renin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RGL3 ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator like 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RXFP2 relaxin family peptide receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Response Rate	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
SEPTIN9 septin 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SHH sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC12A3 solute carrier family 12 member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC4A7 solute carrier family 4 member 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC7A1 solute carrier family 7 member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC8A1 solute carrier family 8 member A1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SORCS3 sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SOS2 SOS Ras/Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SOX6 SRY-box transcription factor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SVEP1 sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SWAP70 switching B cell complex subunit SWAP70	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Safety and tolerability	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
TBX2 T-box transcription factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF21 transcription factor 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TGFB2 transforming growth factor beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNS2 tensin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBASH3B ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UMOD uromodulin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WNT2B Wnt family member 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZBTB10 zinc finger and BTB domain containing 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZC3HC1 zinc finger C3HC-type containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF423 zinc finger protein 423	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF652 zinc finger protein 652	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF831 zinc finger protein 831	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
sitting systolic blood pressure	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

FDA-Approved Therapies

Phase 4 agents with regulatory approval for this indication

Drug Name	Mechanism	Type
ACEBUTOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ACETALDEHYDE		Gene-targeted
ACETAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
ACETYLCHOLINE		Gene-targeted
ADUCANUMAB		Gene-targeted
ALISKIREN FUMARATE	None	Direct
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE		Gene-targeted
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE	None	Direct
AMPHETAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
ANGIOTENSIN II	agonist	Gene-targeted
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
APIXABAN		Gene-targeted
ARBUTAMINE		Gene-targeted
ARGIPRESSIN		Gene-targeted
ASCORBIC ACID		Gene-targeted
ASPIRIN		Gene-targeted
ATENOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ATENOLOL	None	Direct
ATORVASTATIN		Gene-targeted
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE		Gene-targeted
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BENAZEPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BENAZEPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETAXOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BETHANIDINE		Gene-targeted
BICALUTAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
BISOPROLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE	None	Direct
BRETYLIUM		Gene-targeted
BUMETANIDE		Gene-targeted
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	None	Direct
CANDOXATRIL		Gene-targeted
CAPTOPRIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CAPTOPRIL	None	Direct
CARBACHOL	None	Gene-targeted
CARTEOLOL		Gene-targeted
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CARVEDILOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CARVEDILOL	None	Direct
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CELIPROLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CHEMBL1111	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200326	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200338	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200343	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200515	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200813	None	Direct
CHEMBL1200862	None	Direct
CHEMBL1201167	None	Direct
CHEMBL1201731	None	Direct
CHEMBL134	None	Direct
CHEMBL1398126	None	Direct
CHEMBL1668	None	Direct
CHEMBL1671	None	Direct
CHEMBL1694	None	Direct
CHEMBL181	None	Direct
CHEMBL2103795	None	Direct
CHEMBL279516	None	Direct
CHEMBL289480	None	Direct
CHEMBL393220	None	Direct
CHEMBL459	None	Direct
CHEMBL730	None	Direct
CHEMBL772	None	Direct
CHEMBL802	None	Direct
CHLOROTHIAZIDE	None	Direct
CHLORTHALIDONE		Gene-targeted
CHLORTHALIDONE	None	Direct
CHOLESTEROL		Gene-targeted
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA		Gene-targeted
CILAZAPRIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
CIPROFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
CLOMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
CYCLOSPORINE		Gene-targeted
DESERPIDINE		Gene-targeted
DESIPRAMINE		Gene-targeted
DEXAMETHASONE		Gene-targeted
DIAZEPAM	None	Gene-targeted
DICHLORPHENAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL	None	Gene-targeted
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
DIPIVEFRIN		Gene-targeted
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DISULFIRAM		Gene-targeted
DOBUTAMINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DONANEMAB		Gene-targeted
DONEPEZIL		Gene-targeted
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
DRONEDARONE		Gene-targeted
DROXIDOPA	agonist	Gene-targeted
ENALAPRIL MALEATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ENALAPRIL MALEATE	None	Direct
ENALAPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPHEDRINE SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPINEPHRINE	agonist; agonist	Gene-targeted
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
EPIRUBICIN	None	Gene-targeted
EPLERENONE	None	Direct
EPROSARTAN	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ESMOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ETHOXZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED		Gene-targeted
FENOTEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
FLECAINIDE ACETATE		Gene-targeted
FLUMAZENIL	None	Gene-targeted
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
FLUVASTATIN		Gene-targeted
FOMEPIZOLE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
FOSINOPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
FOSINOPRIL SODIUM	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
FOSLEVODOPA	agonist	Gene-targeted
FUROSEMIDE		Gene-targeted
GALANTAMINE		Gene-targeted
GANCICLOVIR		Gene-targeted
GENISTEIN		Gene-targeted
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE		Gene-targeted
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	None	Direct
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE		Gene-targeted
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE		Gene-targeted
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
IMIDAPRIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
IMIPRAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
INDACATEROL	agonist	Gene-targeted
INDAPAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
INDAPAMIDE	None	Direct
INDOMETHACIN		Gene-targeted
INDOMETHACIN	None	Gene-targeted
IRBESARTAN	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
IRBESARTAN	None	Direct
IRBESARTAN HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
ISOETHARINE		Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE	None	Gene-targeted
LABETALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LANDIOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LECANEMAB		Gene-targeted
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVOBUNOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LEVODOPA		Gene-targeted
LISINOPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LISINOPRIL	None	Direct
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LORAZEPAM		Gene-targeted
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	None	Direct
LUTEIN		Gene-targeted
MAFENIDE	None	Gene-targeted
MALATHION	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MECAMYLAMINE	None	Gene-targeted
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
MESTRANOL		Gene-targeted
METHAZOLAMIDE	None	Gene-targeted
METHOXSALEN	None	Gene-targeted
METIPRANOLOL		Gene-targeted
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL	None	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL FUMARATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	None	Direct
METOPROLOL TARTRATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MIANSERIN	None	Gene-targeted
MIRABEGRON	agonist	Gene-targeted
MOEXIPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MOEXIPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
MOXONIDINE	None	Direct
NADOLOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NALIDIXIC ACID	None	Gene-targeted
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NICOTINE	None	Gene-targeted
NICOTINE POLACRILEX		Gene-targeted
NIFEDIPINE	None	Direct
NITREFAZOLE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
NITROPRUSSIDE		Gene-targeted
NOREPINEPHRINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE	agonist	Gene-targeted
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE		Gene-targeted
NORFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
OFLOXACIN	None	Gene-targeted
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL	None	Direct
OXPRENOLOL		Gene-targeted
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PENBUTOLOL		Gene-targeted
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PERINDOPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE	None	Direct
PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PERINDOPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PHENYTOIN	None	Gene-targeted
PINDOLOL	agonist; agonist; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PRACTOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM		Gene-targeted
PRAZOSIN	None	Gene-targeted
PREDNISONE		Gene-targeted
PRONETALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPAFENONE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
QUINAPRIL		Gene-targeted
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
QUINAPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
RACEPINEPHRINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
RAMIPRIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
RAMIPRIL	None	Direct
RAMIPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA	None	Direct
RESCINNAMINE		Gene-targeted
RITONAVIR		Gene-targeted
RIVASTIGMINE		Gene-targeted
SALMETEROL		Gene-targeted
SARALASIN ACETATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SILDENAFIL		Gene-targeted
SIROLIMUS	None	Gene-targeted
SODIUM CHLORIDE		Gene-targeted
SOTALOL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SPARSENTAN	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SPIRAPRIL	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SPIRAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
SPIRONOLACTONE	None	Direct
SUFENTANIL		Gene-targeted
SULBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS	None	Gene-targeted
TAZOBACTAM	None	Gene-targeted
TELMISARTAN	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TELMISARTAN	None	Direct
TERBUTALINE	agonist	Gene-targeted
TIMOLOL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TIMOLOL MALEATE	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TORSEMIDE		Gene-targeted
TRANDOLAPRIL	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TRANDOLAPRILAT	inhibitor	Gene-targeted
TRETINOIN		Gene-targeted
TRIAMCINOLONE		Gene-targeted
TROGLITAZONE		Gene-targeted
TROGLITAZONE	None	Gene-targeted
VALSARTAN	inhibitor; inhibitor	Gene-targeted
VALSARTAN	None	Direct
VORINOSTAT		Gene-targeted
ZIPRASIDONE		Gene-targeted

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

From opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease — Herbal antihypertensive interventions: a narrative review. Candidates for further study, not approved treatments.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
INDAPAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	110	8 trials 5 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 316 Trial pubs 227 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07421414 — A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and the Safety After Administration of BR1015-A and Co-administration of BR1015-3 and BR1015-2 Under Fed Conditions (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT06212648 — Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06826872 — Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05683301 — Treatment Optimisation for Blood Pressure With Single-Pill Combinations in India (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05878561 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BR1015 Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04686643 — Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AGSAVI in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05110898 — Efficacy and Safety Study of the Fixed-dose Combination of Olmesartan + Indapamide When Compared to the Isolated Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05820880 — Efficacy and Safety of Perindopril 5 mg / Indapamide 1.25 mg / Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed Combination in Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Low-Dose Triple-Pill of Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Indapamide for Initial Hypertension Treatment: A GRADE-Assessed Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of Single-Pill, Triple Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2022) Cochrane review [Effects of clinical medicine on salt sensitivity hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2019) Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of a fixed, low-dose perindopril-indapamide combination as first-line treatment of hypertension (Clinical therapeutics, 2004) Meta-analysis Benefit of treatment based on indapamide mostly combined with perindopril on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a pooled analysis of four trials (Journal of hypertension, 2023) Meta-analysis Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018) Systematic review The effect of indapamide vs. bendroflumethiazide for primary hypertension: a systematic review (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan/Indapamide Combination Therapy versus Fimasartan Monotherapy in Patients with Essential Hypertension Inadequately Responding to Fimasartan 30 mg (FINEDUO): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Three Low-Dose Antihypertensive Agents in a Single Pill after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (The New England journal of medicine, 2026) Clinical trial publication Pooled randomised QUARTET trials assessing effectiveness of a single pill for hypertension (Open heart, 2025) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Low-Dose Triple Single-Pill Combination for the Treatment of Hypertension (Global heart, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 66 Trial pubs 59 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01237873 — Long Term Safety of SPA100 (Fixed-dose Combination of Aliskiren/Amlodipine) in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00765947 — Efficacy and Tolerability of an Aliskiren-based Treatment Algorithm in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01340131 — CKD-828 (40/5mg) Pharmacokinetic Study (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01241487 — A National Multicentre Study to Assess the Efficacy of the Fixed Combination of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Controlled by Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00699192 — Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Once Daily Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/80 as Compared to Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/40 or to Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04554303 — Comparing Safety and Efficacy of Amlodipine Verses S Amlodipine in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) NCT03991442 — BR1010 in Patients With Essential Hypertension Patients Who do Not Adequately Respond to Fimasartan/Amlodipine Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of amlodipine besylate and Valsartan for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension (Medicine, 2019) Meta-analysis Amlodipine and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients: meta-analysis comparing amlodipine-based versus other antihypertensive therapy (The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2014) Meta-analysis A review of the efficacy of fixed-dose combinations olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine besylate/benazepril in factorial design studies (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2006) Systematic review Perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for hypertension: a safety evaluation (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Yangxue Qingnao Pills Combined with Amlodipine in Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Blood Deficiency and Gan-Yang Hyperactivity: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial (Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect and mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on the improvement of elderly essential hypertension-induced vascular endothelial function impairment based on the JAK/STAT pathway (Diagnostic pathology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Allisartan Isoproxil in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension (American journal of hypertension, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effectiveness of Levoamlodipine Maleate for Hypertension Compared with Amlodipine Besylate: a Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Study (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2021) Randomized controlled trial Effects of triple combination therapy with azilsartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide on office/home blood pressure: a randomized-controlled trial in Japanese essential hypertensive patients (Blood pressure monitoring, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03276598 — A Study on Molecular Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01977794 — Fixed Dose Combination of Bisoprolol and Amlodipine in the Treatment of Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02398929 — BRAVE Study With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension (BRAVE Study) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01251146 — A Randomized Controlled Study to Assess the Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Resting Heart Rate and Sympathetic Nervous System's Activity in Subjects With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05880056 — Study of Bisoprolol (Nerkardou - Nerhadou International) 5 and 10 mg Oral Dissolvable Film (ODF) Treatment in Egyptian Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01762436 — Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Central Aortic Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05288400 — Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine 5mg/ Bisoprolol Fumarate 5mg /Perindopril Arginine 5mg Fixed-dose Combination in Capsule and Free Monotherapy at the Same Dose in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01742702 — HaemoDYNAMICs in Primary and Secondary Hypertension (UNKNOWN) Published literature Clinical trial publication Comparison of efficacy and safety between bisoprolol transdermal patch (TY-0201) and bisoprolol fumarate oral formulation in Japanese patients with grade I or II essential hypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2013) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy of a cardioselective beta1-adrenoblocker bisoprolol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with ischemic heart disease] (Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2007) Clinical trial publication Beta-blocker/thiazide combination for treatment of hypertensive children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2002) Clinical trial publication First-line therapy option with low-dose bisoprolol fumarate and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1995) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Meta-analysis 105 Trial pubs 88 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02206165 — A Dose Selection Trial of CKD-330 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT06212648 — Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01788358 — Open-Label Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Study of Fixed Dose Combination of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System and Candesartan Cilexetil in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00608153 — Compliance of Patients With Essential Hypertension Treated With Candesartan or Candesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (COMPLETED) NCT03231982 — Study to Confirm the Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-dose Combinations of Amlodipine and Candesartan (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01682564 — To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety on Blood Pressure In Patients With Hypertension Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06826872 — Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis [Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in hypertensive patients with or without diabetes] (Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 2007) Meta-analysis Updated meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure (Clinical drug investigation, 2007) Meta-analysis Effect of candesartan cilexetil on diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients: meta-analysis of five randomized double-blind clinical trials (Vascular health and risk management, 2007) Meta-analysis A meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2005) Systematic review Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Pediatric Patients (Aged 6 to 18) with Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2023) Clinical trial publication Phase III randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety of amlodipine and candesartan cilexetil combination for hypertension treatment (Scientific reports, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy with Candesartan and/or Amlodipine for Dose Finding in Essential Hypertension: A Phase II Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Fixed-dose combination of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system and candesartan cilexetil in patients with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension: an open-label, long-term safety and efficacy study (Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2016) Clinical trial publication Blood pressure-lowering effects of nifedipine/candesartan combinations in high-risk individuals: subgroup analysis of the DISTINCT randomised trial (Journal of human hypertension, 2017) Clinical trial publication Nifedipine GITS/Candesartan Combination Therapy Lowers Blood Pressure Across Different Baseline Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Categories: DISTINCT Study Subanalyses (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2016) Randomized controlled trial Nifedipine plus candesartan combination increases blood pressure control regardless of race and improves the side effect profile: DISTINCT randomized trial results (Journal of hypertension, 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPTOPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	4 trials 4 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 780 Trial pubs 496 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03179163 — Peripheral Vascular Effects of Sulfhydryl-containing Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Microvessels in Humans (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06141200 — NW Roselle in Grade 1 Essential Hypertension: Phase III Clinical Trial (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT06500000 — The Plasma Metabolomics Profiling of Primary Aldosteronism (COMPLETED) NCT07272486 — The Use of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy for Hypertensive Urgency (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Antihypertensive Agents for Adult Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuric Kidney Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis (PloS one, 2017) Cochrane review Clonidine versus captopril for treatment of postpartum very high blood pressure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (CLONCAP) (Reproductive health, 2013) Cochrane review The effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) Cochrane review Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001) Meta-analysis Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Meta-analysis [Assessment of the size of the placebo effect in treating asthma based on meta-analysis of efficacy trials of selected antiasthmatic drugs] (Pneumonologia i alergologia polska, 2012) Meta-analysis Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 1. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (Diabetes & metabolism, 2004) Meta-analysis Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis (Lancet (London, England), 2001) Systematic review Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review (Asia-Pacific journal of public health, 2021) Systematic review Pharmaco-nutrient interactions - a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy (International journal of clinical practice, 2013) Clinical trial publication The effects of cold application on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A randomized placebo-controlled trial (Applied nursing research : ANR, 2026) Clinical trial publication Multicenter Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pharmacodynamic Study of The Additional Antihypertensive Effect of the Drug in Patients With Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension Against the Background of Taking Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers (Kardiologiia, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORTHALIDONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Cochrane 21 Meta-analysis 427 Trial pubs 309 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05199129 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of HCP1904-3 in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01083017 — Resistant Arterial Hypertension Cohort Study (COMPLETED) NCT00696384 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of Azilsartan Medoxomil in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00695955 — One-Year Safety and Tolerability Study of Azilsartan Medoxomil in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06282549 — Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TEL/AML/CTD in Elderly Patients with Essential Hypertension (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT04470830 — A Study for PMS of AZL-M/CLD FDC in the Treatment of Participants With Essential HTN in South Korea (COMPLETED) NCT03928145 — Efficacy of Chlorthalidone and Hydrochlorothiazide Combined With Amiloride on Blood Pressure in Primary Hypertension. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT07116863 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 3 Trial of KDF1901 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonists in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis supporting the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing (BMC geriatrics, 2022) Cochrane review Combining angiotensin receptor blockers with chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide - which is the better alternative? A meta-analysis (Systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships for hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and bendroflumethiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and urate (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2012) Meta-analysis New wrinkles in hypertension management 2022 (Current opinion in cardiology, 2022) Meta-analysis Chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide: major cardiovascular events, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and adverse effects (Journal of hypertension, 2021) Meta-analysis Network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients (Blood pressure monitoring, 2021) Systematic review Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Azilsartan Medoxomil Alone or in Combination With Chlorthalidone in the Management of Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Current hypertension reviews, 2021) Systematic review Single-pill Combination Therapy of Azilsartan Medoxomil/Chlorthalidone for Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Clinical therapeutics, 2020) Systematic review Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018) Systematic review Hydrochlorothiazide and alternative diuretics versus renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy: a head-to-head meta-analysis (Journal of hypertension, 2018) Clinical trial publication Individual participant-level analysis of four randomized clinical trials examined therapeutic effects of blood pressure lowering on hierarchical kidney outcome using win statistics (Kidney international, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL MALEATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 59 Trial pubs 40 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01151410 — An Extension Study to Evaluate the Long Term Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Aliskiren Compared to Enalapril in Pediatric Hypertensive Patients 6-17 Years of Age (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03179163 — Peripheral Vascular Effects of Sulfhydryl-containing Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Microvessels in Humans (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02214498 — Treatment of HYpertension: Morning Versus Evening (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02088450 — Systolic Hypertension in Europe Placebo-Controlled Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00141583 — The Renin-Angiotensin System in Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) NA NCT02177448 — BIBR 277 Capsule in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00302705 — Comparison of the Antihypertensive Efficacy of Valsartan and Enalapril After Missing One Dose (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Optimal folic acid dosage in lowering homocysteine: Precision Folic Acid Trial to lower homocysteine (PFAT-Hcy) (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Clinical trial publication Combination therapy with lercanidipine and enalapril reduced central blood pressure augmentation in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome (Vascular pharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication Bioequivalence of enalapril oral solution for treatment of pediatric hypertension and enalapril tablets (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2014) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and tolerability of the fixed lercanidipine-enalapril combination in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension (Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2010) Clinical trial publication [The effect of baseline homocysteine level on the efficacy of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet in lowering blood pressure and plasma homocysteine] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Incidence and characteristics of angioedema associated with enalapril (Archives of internal medicine, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 3 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 41 Trial pubs 38 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00980031 — Aldosterone Blockade to Prevent Myocardial Remodeling In Patients With Controlled Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) NA NCT03186742 — Reduction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Eplerenone Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02890173 — Study of CS-3150 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00758524 — A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of LCI699 in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00138944 — Effectiveness of Eplerenone to Improve Target Organ Damage in Patients With Resistant Arterial Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01373086 — LFF269 Compared to Placebo After Treatment in Subjects With Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02345044 — A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of CS-3150 in Japanese Hypertensive Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06208072 — The Predictive Role of Urinary Proteomics in Blood Pressure Response of Obese Hypertensive Treated With Irbesartan or Eplerenone. (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in primary hypertension: a meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2024) Cochrane review Eplerenone for hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of eplerenone in the management of mild to moderate arterial hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis (International journal of cardiology, 2014) Meta-analysis Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Network Meta-Analysis (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2018) Meta-analysis The Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies (American journal of hypertension, 2015) Systematic review A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Primary Aldosteronism (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025) Systematic review [Hypertension in the course of primary aldosteronism during pregnancy] (Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), 2015) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of eplerenone versus amlodipine on muscle metaboreflex function in hypertensive humans (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2021) Clinical trial publication Effect of the Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, on Nocturnal Hypertension: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ESAX-HTN Study (American journal of hypertension, 2021) Clinical trial publication Double-Blind Randomized Phase 3 Study Comparing Esaxerenone (CS-3150) and Eplerenone in Patients With Essential Hypertension (ESAX-HTN Study) (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) for the treatment of essential hypertension: a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Journal of human hypertension, 2019) Clinical trial publication Effects of eplerenone on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in Japanese hypertensives with overweight or obesity (Medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 11 Cochrane 20 Meta-analysis 224 Trial pubs 183 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01082835 — Jiangzhuo Qinggan Prescription and Irbesartan in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension(Hepatogastric Damp-heat)Clinical Study (UNKNOWN) NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05476354 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combined Therapy in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00950066 — Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combination in Controlling Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06208072 — The Predictive Role of Urinary Proteomics in Blood Pressure Response of Obese Hypertensive Treated With Irbesartan or Eplerenone. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04488978 — Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combined or Alone in Patients With Essential Hypetension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00742066 — Role of AT1-receptor Blockers in Insulin-induced Vasodilation. (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Primary aldosteronism: pharmacotherapy vs surgery vs embolization efficacy - systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies predominantly conducted in China (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review Antihypertensive drugs for hyperuricemia in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Chinese trials (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025) Cochrane review Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of six angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertensive patients: a network meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024) Cochrane review Efficacy of single-pill combination in uncontrolled essential hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Clinical cardiology, 2023) Meta-analysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis of Azilsartan Medoxomil Compared to Other Anti-hypertensives Efficacy in Lowering Blood Pressure Amongst Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients (Advances in therapy, 2024) Systematic review A systematic review of commencing full-dose antihypertensives in newly diagnosed hypertension (Blood pressure, 2025) Clinical trial publication Pooled randomised QUARTET trials assessing effectiveness of a single pill for hypertension (Open heart, 2025) Clinical trial publication Pharmacogenomics-Guided Precision Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease with Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study (Kidney & blood pressure research, 2026) Clinical trial publication Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): a randomized, blinded, crossover trial (BMC medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication The Efficacy and Tolerability of Irbesartan/Amlodipine Combination Therapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension Whose Blood Pressure Were not Controlled by Irbesartan Monotherapy (Clinical therapeutics, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 440 Trial pubs 357 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00624065 — Research Study To Test Carvedilol CR + Lisinopril Versus Lisinopril + Placebo In Patients With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02184858 — Dose Titration of Lisinopril in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years With Primary or Secondary Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00537043 — A Study to Compare COREG CR to COREG CR Fixed-dose Combination in Patients With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02603809 — Dose-finding Study With ACT-132577 (Aprocitentan) in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02412761 — Series of N-of-1 Crossover Trials of Antihypertensive Therapy in Adolescents With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) NA NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT00219167 — A Clinical Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Aliskiren in the Elderly With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Postpartum management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review: antihypertensive drug therapy in patients of African and South Asian ethnicity (Internal and emergency medicine, 2016) Cochrane review The effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) Cochrane review Telmisartan versus angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Journal of human hypertension, 2009) Meta-analysis Efficacy of pharmacological agents for management of post-partum hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2026) Meta-analysis Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Meta-analysis Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Network Meta-Analysis (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2018) Meta-analysis Effects of amlodipine and other classes of antihypertensive drugs on long-term blood pressure variability: evidence from randomized controlled trials (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2014) Clinical trial publication Peripheral endothelial and coronary microvascular responses to lipophilic versus hydrophilic ACE inhibitors in newly diagnosed hypertension (Journal of hypertension, 2026) Clinical trial publication Individual participant-level analysis of four randomized clinical trials examined therapeutic effects of blood pressure lowering on hierarchical kidney outcome using win statistics (Kidney international, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of different antihypertensive drug classes on central and ambulatory blood pressure in resistant hypertension: A randomized clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Utility of a Systolic Blood Pressure Polygenic Risk Score With Chlorthalidone Response (JAMA cardiology, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 36 Trial pubs 33 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05199129 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of HCP1904-3 in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00219141 — Aliskiren in Combination With Losartan Compared to Losartan on the Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Overweight Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06718062 — Non-Inferiority Study of Aliskiren vs Losartan in the Treatment of Hypertension With Hyperuricemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00994617 — Monotherapy Versus Dual Therapy for Initial Treatment for Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00354991 — Hyzaar Asia HEAALTH (0954A-950) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01307046 — MK-0954A in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension Not Adequately Controlled With Losartan (MK-0954A-352) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00157963 — Hydrochlorothiazide (+) Losartan Potassium vs. Amlodipine Comparative Study (0954A-314) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03276598 — A Study on Molecular Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Safety and tolerability of losartan compared with atenolol, felodipine and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1995) Clinical trial publication Single-Pill Low-Dose Triple Combination Therapy vs Standard-Dose Monotherapy in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of efficacy and safety between third-dose triple and third-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with hypertension (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of Songlingxuemaikang on mild essential hypertension in patients: a randomized parallel-controlled study (Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2021) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Tolerability of a Triple Combination of Amlodipine/Losartan/Rosuvastatin in Patients With Comorbid Essential Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Comparison of Fixed-dose Combinations of Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium/Chlorthalidone and Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium in Patients With Stage 2 Hypertension Inadequately Controlled With Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	7 trials 8 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 580 Trial pubs 409 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642096 — Factorial Study of Metoprolol Succinate TOPROL-XL (324A) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00152633 — Effect of Losartan on Retinal Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612298 — Efficacy and Safety of Arotinolol Hydrochloride on Morning Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00861016 — Efficacy and Safety of Metoprolol Succinate Prolonged-Release Tablet in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy of β-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2017) Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of beta-1 selective beta blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Meta-analysis Impact of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular event reduction in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (The Pan African medical journal, 2025) Meta-analysis Antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension and implications for fetal and neonatal heart rate monitoring: A systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies (Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering effects of β-blockers as add-on or combination therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Systematic review Treatment Strategies for Paradoxical Hypertension Following Surgical Correction of Coarctation of the Aorta in Children (World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Calcium Channel Blockade Versus β-Blockade for Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy of β-Blockers in Older Adults With Hypertension Combined With Vascular Dementia] (Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	7 trials 29 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642096 — Factorial Study of Metoprolol Succinate TOPROL-XL (324A) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00152633 — Effect of Losartan on Retinal Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612298 — Efficacy and Safety of Arotinolol Hydrochloride on Morning Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00861016 — Efficacy and Safety of Metoprolol Succinate Prolonged-Release Tablet in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Calcium Channel Blockade Versus β-Blockade for Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the FDC of telmisartan + bisoprolol with telmisartan + metoprolol succinate ER combination therapy for stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension: A double-blind, multicentric, phase-III clinical study (Indian heart journal, 2024) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of nebivolol vs. metoprolol on microvascular function in hypertensive humans (American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Chronic Nebivolol Treatment Suppresses Endothelin-1-Mediated Vasoconstrictor Tone in Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXONIDINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	1 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 57 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00160277 — Efficacy and Safety of Moxonidine in Indian Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Not first-line antihypertensive agents, but still effective-The efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists: A network meta-analysis (Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2024) Cochrane review Impact of Antihypertensive Agents on Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index: A Meta-Analysis (American journal of hypertension, 2016) Clinical trial publication Potential of Combination Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Prediabetes: Focus on Organ Protection (Kardiologiia, 2025) Clinical trial publication MARRIAGE: A Randomized Trial of Moxonidine Versus Ramipril or in Combination With Ramipril in Overweight Patients With Hypertension and Impaired Fasting Glucose or Diabetes Mellitus. Impact on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Metabolic Parameters (Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 2024) Clinical trial publication Influence of Moxonidine and Bisoprolol on Morphofunctional Condition of Arterial Wall and Telomerase Activity in Postmenopausal Women with Arterial Hypertension and Osteopenia. The Results from a Moscow Randomized Study (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication [New possibilities of using moxonidin for blood pressure control in female patients with osteopenia] (Kardiologiia, 2018) Clinical trial publication Aortic remodelling following the treatment and regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study (Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIFEDIPINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 25 Cochrane 44 Meta-analysis 956 Trial pubs 689 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04755764 — Effect of Labetalol, Atenolol, and Nifedipine on Maternal Hemodynamics Measured by ICG in Early Pregnancy (RECRUITING) NCT01788358 — Open-Label Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Study of Fixed Dose Combination of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System and Candesartan Cilexetil in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01287260 — High Dose BAYA1040_Nifedipine: a Dose-comparative Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02499822 — REducing Blood Pressure Variability in Essential Hypertension With RAmipril vErsus Nifedipine GITS Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02641821 — Effect of Nifedipine GITS in Patients With Mild-to-moderate Primary Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01294215 — High Dose BAYA1040_Nifedipine: a Long Term Combination Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06501651 — Sacubitril/Valsartan Treats Patients With Essential Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT05947448 — Efficacy and Safety of Mexartan Potassium Tablets (AZL-M) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) in the Treatment of Adults With Essential Hypertension in Chinese Population: a National Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Postpartum management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2026) Cochrane review Targeted antihypertensive therapy after hypertensive pregnancy: Lactation-safe choices, treatment thresholds, and outcomes (2015-2025) (Current problems in cardiology, 2025) Cochrane review Risk of postpartum readmission following discharge on nifedipine or labetalol for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy and Safety of Nifedipine Compared to Intravenous Hydralazine for Severe Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randmomized Controlled Trials (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025) Cochrane review Oral antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy of pharmacological agents for management of post-partum hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2026) Meta-analysis Antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension and implications for fetal and neonatal heart rate monitoring: A systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies (Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025) Systematic review Prescribing patterns for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review (BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026) Clinical trial publication Patient-profiled treatment responses in a large hypertension trial: a posthoc analysis of the INSIGHT study (Journal of hypertension, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of nifedipine combined with magnesium sulfate on gestational hypertension and its impact on blood lipids (Blood pressure monitoring, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alcohol consumption and ambulatory blood pressure-lowering effect in male patients on clinic blood pressure-guided antihypertensive treatment (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2025) Clinical trial publication Amlodipine versus nifedipine ER for the management of postpartum hypertension: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial (American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	2 trials 7 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05288400 — Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine 5mg/ Bisoprolol Fumarate 5mg /Perindopril Arginine 5mg Fixed-dose Combination in Capsule and Free Monotherapy at the Same Dose in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01556997 — Perindopril Amlodipine for the Treatment of Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Systematic review Perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for hypertension: a safety evaluation (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2018) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Two Parallel-Group, Optional Titration, Multicenter, Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan Versus Perindopril Monotherapy With and Without a Diuretic Combination in Elderly Patients With Essential Hypertension (Clinical therapeutics, 2021) Clinical trial publication Effect of Perindopril/Indapamide on Cerebral Blood Flow in Middle-Aged, Treatment-Naïve Patients with Hypertension (Advances in therapy, 2020) Clinical trial publication An evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on the growth rate of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (AARDVARK) (European heart journal, 2016) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Perindopril Arginine/Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Adequately Controlled with Amlodipine 5 mg or Perindopril tert-Butylamine 4 mg Monotherapy (Cardiology, 2016) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy comparison between 5 mg perindopril arginine salt and 4 mg perindopril tert-butylamine salt for patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension] (Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi, 2015) Randomized controlled trial Efficacy and safety of perindopril arginine + amlodipine in hypertension (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of reserpine for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of reserpine for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009) Clinical trial publication Treatment of mild hypertension: results of a ten-year intervention trial (Circulation research, 1977) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 26 Cochrane 53 Meta-analysis 495 Trial pubs 426 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06863987 — A Phase III Clinical Study of Valsartan Oral Solution for the Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) PHASE3 NCT01241487 — A National Multicentre Study to Assess the Efficacy of the Fixed Combination of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Controlled by Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00699192 — Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Once Daily Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/80 as Compared to Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/40 or to Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01785472 — Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 in Comparison to Olmesartan in Asian Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00386607 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of the Combination of Aliskiren/Valsartan in Patients With High Blood Pressure, Followed by Long-term Safety and Tolerability of Aliskiren, Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00413049 — Efficacy/Safety of Valsartan Plus Amlodipine and Amlodipine Alone in Patients With Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00254475 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Valsartan/Simvastatin Combinations in Patients With Both Essential Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01878201 — A Valsartan 80 Mg-Referenced, Therapeutic Exploratory Clinical Study to Evaluate the Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fimasartan 30 mg During 24 Hours in Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Antihypertensive drugs for hyperuricemia in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Chinese trials (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025) Cochrane review Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of sacubitril-valsartan in hypertension patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance dialysis: a meta-analysis (Journal of hypertension, 2025) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of six angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertensive patients: a network meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024) Meta-analysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Systematic review A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis of Azilsartan Medoxomil Compared to Other Anti-hypertensives Efficacy in Lowering Blood Pressure Amongst Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients (Advances in therapy, 2024) Systematic review Comparison of sacubitril/valsartan with olmesartan for hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of SPH3127 Tablet, a Novel Direct Renin Inhibitor, in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension: A Phase III Randomised Trial (Drugs, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sexual function among controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive females receiving beta-blockers or ACEI/ARB and thiazides: a prospective randomized controlled study (Scientific reports, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of different antihypertensive drug classes on central and ambulatory blood pressure in resistant hypertension: A randomized clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication On-treatment systolic blood pressure and preserved kidney function in hypertensive patients with proteinuria. The VALUE Trial (Blood pressure, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISKIREN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATENOLOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1111	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200326	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200338	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200343	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200515	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200813	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200862	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201167	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201731	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL134	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1398126	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1668	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1671	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1694	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL181	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2103795	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL279516	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL289480	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL393220	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL459	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL730	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL772	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL802	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACEBUTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETALDEHYDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCHOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANGIOTENSIN II Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARBUTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARGIPRESSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASCORBIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASPIRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENAZEPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRETYLIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BUMETANIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CANDOXATRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CAPTOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARTEOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELIPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHEMBL413	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORTHALIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CILAZAPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DESERPIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DESIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRIL MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FENOTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLECAINIDE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOMEPIZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSINOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSINOPRIL SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSLEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FUROSEMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GENISTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDACATEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IRBESARTAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANDIOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBUNOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LISINOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MALATHION Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESTRANOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MOEXIPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MOEXIPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NADOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NITREFAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROPRUSSIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENBUTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRACTOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRONETALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPAFENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINAPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
QUINAPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RACEPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RESCINNAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SARALASIN ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPARSENTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRAPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TERBUTALINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRANDOLAPRIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRANDOLAPRILAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VORINOSTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ALISKIREN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIMASARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZELNIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENAZEPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL118	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200731	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1237132	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL136478	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1434	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL23261	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL239243	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL25	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL279229	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL526	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL545	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL645	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL681	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL778	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERCANIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVAMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITOKIREN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL550	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSTAFUROXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACT-280778	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APROCITENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL112	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201823	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1311	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2008565	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL256087	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL304253	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3989541	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3989595	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL461343	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL521	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL539423	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL779	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL846	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIRIBASTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSILODROSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-00489791	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
TASOSARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200496	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201668	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1456	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL718	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL93268	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCOA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOLDOPAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXCINOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALFIRASTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
Berberine OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Cardiovascular Effects of Herbal Products and Their Interaction with Antihypertensive Drugs-Comprehensive Review (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Cochrane review Berberine for the treatment of hypertension: A systematic review (Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 2021) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015) Clinical trial publication NUtraceutical TReatment for hYpercholesterolemia in HIV-infected patients: The NU-TRY(HIV) randomized cross-over trial (Atherosclerosis, 2019) Clinical trial publication Nutraceuticals for Serum Lipid and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk (Advances in therapy, 2015) Clinical trial publication Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control in patients with high-normal or grade 1 hypertension (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Coenzyme Q10 OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	6 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 13 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022) Cochrane review Coenzyme Q10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension: A Systematic Review (The Journal of nutrition, 2022) Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of hypertension: An evidence-based review (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018) Cochrane review The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2018) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Meta-analysis Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009) Systematic review Recent Developments in the Role of Coenzyme Q10 for Coronary Heart Disease: a Systematic Review (Current atherosclerosis reports, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of compound fish oil capsules on microvascular function in hypertensive individuals: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (Food & function, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of curcumin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic control in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial (Nutrition journal, 2022) Clinical trial publication Effect of Monacolin K and COQ10 supplementation in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects with metabolic syndrome (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2018) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Adiponectin in Mildly Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Garlic (Allium sativum) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	1 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis (The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2008) Cochrane review Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum) (Molecular nutrition & food research, 2007) Clinical trial publication Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Hawthorn (Crataegus) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02419235 — The Effect of a Homoeopathic Complex on Blood Pressure in Refractory Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial (The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle tea) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Olive leaf extract (Oleuropein) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Rauwolfia serpentina (Reserpine) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
AMILORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ 788	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ-123	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200775	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FELODIPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RASBURICASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERACTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 66 Trial pubs 59 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01237873 — Long Term Safety of SPA100 (Fixed-dose Combination of Aliskiren/Amlodipine) in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00765947 — Efficacy and Tolerability of an Aliskiren-based Treatment Algorithm in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01340131 — CKD-828 (40/5mg) Pharmacokinetic Study (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01241487 — A National Multicentre Study to Assess the Efficacy of the Fixed Combination of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Controlled by Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00699192 — Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Once Daily Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/80 as Compared to Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/40 or to Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04554303 — Comparing Safety and Efficacy of Amlodipine Verses S Amlodipine in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) NCT03991442 — BR1010 in Patients With Essential Hypertension Patients Who do Not Adequately Respond to Fimasartan/Amlodipine Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of amlodipine besylate and Valsartan for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension (Medicine, 2019) Meta-analysis Amlodipine and cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients: meta-analysis comparing amlodipine-based versus other antihypertensive therapy (The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2014) Meta-analysis A review of the efficacy of fixed-dose combinations olmesartan medoxomil/hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine besylate/benazepril in factorial design studies (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2006) Systematic review Perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for hypertension: a safety evaluation (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Yangxue Qingnao Pills Combined with Amlodipine in Treatment of Hypertensive Patients with Blood Deficiency and Gan-Yang Hyperactivity: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial (Chinese journal of integrative medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect and mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor on the improvement of elderly essential hypertension-induced vascular endothelial function impairment based on the JAK/STAT pathway (Diagnostic pathology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of Allisartan Isoproxil in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension (American journal of hypertension, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effectiveness of Levoamlodipine Maleate for Hypertension Compared with Amlodipine Besylate: a Pragmatic Comparative Effectiveness Study (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2021) Randomized controlled trial Effects of triple combination therapy with azilsartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide on office/home blood pressure: a randomized-controlled trial in Japanese essential hypertensive patients (Blood pressure monitoring, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03276598 — A Study on Molecular Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01977794 — Fixed Dose Combination of Bisoprolol and Amlodipine in the Treatment of Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02398929 — BRAVE Study With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension (BRAVE Study) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01251146 — A Randomized Controlled Study to Assess the Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Resting Heart Rate and Sympathetic Nervous System's Activity in Subjects With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05880056 — Study of Bisoprolol (Nerkardou - Nerhadou International) 5 and 10 mg Oral Dissolvable Film (ODF) Treatment in Egyptian Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT01762436 — Effects of Bisoprolol and Atenolol on Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Central Aortic Pressure in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05288400 — Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine 5mg/ Bisoprolol Fumarate 5mg /Perindopril Arginine 5mg Fixed-dose Combination in Capsule and Free Monotherapy at the Same Dose in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01742702 — HaemoDYNAMICs in Primary and Secondary Hypertension (UNKNOWN) Published literature Clinical trial publication Comparison of efficacy and safety between bisoprolol transdermal patch (TY-0201) and bisoprolol fumarate oral formulation in Japanese patients with grade I or II essential hypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2013) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy of a cardioselective beta1-adrenoblocker bisoprolol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with ischemic heart disease] (Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2007) Clinical trial publication Beta-blocker/thiazide combination for treatment of hypertensive children: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2002) Clinical trial publication First-line therapy option with low-dose bisoprolol fumarate and low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with stage I and stage II systemic hypertension (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1995) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Meta-analysis 105 Trial pubs 88 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02206165 — A Dose Selection Trial of CKD-330 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT06212648 — Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01788358 — Open-Label Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Study of Fixed Dose Combination of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System and Candesartan Cilexetil in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00608153 — Compliance of Patients With Essential Hypertension Treated With Candesartan or Candesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (COMPLETED) NCT03231982 — Study to Confirm the Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-dose Combinations of Amlodipine and Candesartan (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01682564 — To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety on Blood Pressure In Patients With Hypertension Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06826872 — Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis [Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in hypertensive patients with or without diabetes] (Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux, 2007) Meta-analysis Updated meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure (Clinical drug investigation, 2007) Meta-analysis Effect of candesartan cilexetil on diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients: meta-analysis of five randomized double-blind clinical trials (Vascular health and risk management, 2007) Meta-analysis A meta-analytical approach to the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in reducing blood pressure (American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions, 2005) Systematic review Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Pediatric Patients (Aged 6 to 18) with Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2023) Clinical trial publication Phase III randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety of amlodipine and candesartan cilexetil combination for hypertension treatment (Scientific reports, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Tolerability of Combination Therapy Versus Monotherapy with Candesartan and/or Amlodipine for Dose Finding in Essential Hypertension: A Phase II Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Fixed-dose combination of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system and candesartan cilexetil in patients with moderate-to-severe essential hypertension: an open-label, long-term safety and efficacy study (Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2016) Clinical trial publication Blood pressure-lowering effects of nifedipine/candesartan combinations in high-risk individuals: subgroup analysis of the DISTINCT randomised trial (Journal of human hypertension, 2017) Clinical trial publication Nifedipine GITS/Candesartan Combination Therapy Lowers Blood Pressure Across Different Baseline Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Categories: DISTINCT Study Subanalyses (Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2016) Randomized controlled trial Nifedipine plus candesartan combination increases blood pressure control regardless of race and improves the side effect profile: DISTINCT randomized trial results (Journal of hypertension, 2014) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPTOPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	4 trials 4 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 780 Trial pubs 496 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03179163 — Peripheral Vascular Effects of Sulfhydryl-containing Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Microvessels in Humans (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06141200 — NW Roselle in Grade 1 Essential Hypertension: Phase III Clinical Trial (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT06500000 — The Plasma Metabolomics Profiling of Primary Aldosteronism (COMPLETED) NCT07272486 — The Use of Virtual Reality and Music Therapy for Hypertensive Urgency (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Antihypertensive Agents for Adult Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuric Kidney Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis (PloS one, 2017) Cochrane review Clonidine versus captopril for treatment of postpartum very high blood pressure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (CLONCAP) (Reproductive health, 2013) Cochrane review The effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) Cochrane review Interventions for deliberately altering blood pressure in acute stroke (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2001) Meta-analysis Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Meta-analysis [Assessment of the size of the placebo effect in treating asthma based on meta-analysis of efficacy trials of selected antiasthmatic drugs] (Pneumonologia i alergologia polska, 2012) Meta-analysis Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 1. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (Diabetes & metabolism, 2004) Meta-analysis Cardiovascular protection and blood pressure reduction: a meta-analysis (Lancet (London, England), 2001) Systematic review Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review (Asia-Pacific journal of public health, 2021) Systematic review Pharmaco-nutrient interactions - a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy (International journal of clinical practice, 2013) Clinical trial publication The effects of cold application on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A randomized placebo-controlled trial (Applied nursing research : ANR, 2026) Clinical trial publication Multicenter Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pharmacodynamic Study of The Additional Antihypertensive Effect of the Drug in Patients With Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension Against the Background of Taking Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers (Kardiologiia, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORTHALIDONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Cochrane 21 Meta-analysis 427 Trial pubs 309 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05199129 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of HCP1904-3 in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01083017 — Resistant Arterial Hypertension Cohort Study (COMPLETED) NCT00696384 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of Azilsartan Medoxomil in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00695955 — One-Year Safety and Tolerability Study of Azilsartan Medoxomil in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06282549 — Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TEL/AML/CTD in Elderly Patients with Essential Hypertension (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT04470830 — A Study for PMS of AZL-M/CLD FDC in the Treatment of Participants With Essential HTN in South Korea (COMPLETED) NCT03928145 — Efficacy of Chlorthalidone and Hydrochlorothiazide Combined With Amiloride on Blood Pressure in Primary Hypertension. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT07116863 — A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 3 Trial of KDF1901 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of adrenergic alpha-1 receptor antagonists in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis supporting the development of recommendations to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing (BMC geriatrics, 2022) Cochrane review Combining angiotensin receptor blockers with chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide - which is the better alternative? A meta-analysis (Systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of dose-response relationships for hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and bendroflumethiazide on blood pressure, serum potassium, and urate (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2012) Meta-analysis New wrinkles in hypertension management 2022 (Current opinion in cardiology, 2022) Meta-analysis Chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide: major cardiovascular events, blood pressure, left ventricular mass, and adverse effects (Journal of hypertension, 2021) Meta-analysis Network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients (Blood pressure monitoring, 2021) Systematic review Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Azilsartan Medoxomil Alone or in Combination With Chlorthalidone in the Management of Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Current hypertension reviews, 2021) Systematic review Single-pill Combination Therapy of Azilsartan Medoxomil/Chlorthalidone for Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review (Clinical therapeutics, 2020) Systematic review Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018) Systematic review Hydrochlorothiazide and alternative diuretics versus renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy: a head-to-head meta-analysis (Journal of hypertension, 2018) Clinical trial publication Individual participant-level analysis of four randomized clinical trials examined therapeutic effects of blood pressure lowering on hierarchical kidney outcome using win statistics (Kidney international, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL MALEATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 59 Trial pubs 40 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01151410 — An Extension Study to Evaluate the Long Term Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Aliskiren Compared to Enalapril in Pediatric Hypertensive Patients 6-17 Years of Age (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03179163 — Peripheral Vascular Effects of Sulfhydryl-containing Antihypertensive Pharmacotherapy on Microvessels in Humans (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02214498 — Treatment of HYpertension: Morning Versus Evening (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT02088450 — Systolic Hypertension in Europe Placebo-Controlled Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00141583 — The Renin-Angiotensin System in Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) NA NCT02177448 — BIBR 277 Capsule in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00302705 — Comparison of the Antihypertensive Efficacy of Valsartan and Enalapril After Missing One Dose (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Optimal folic acid dosage in lowering homocysteine: Precision Folic Acid Trial to lower homocysteine (PFAT-Hcy) (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Clinical trial publication Combination therapy with lercanidipine and enalapril reduced central blood pressure augmentation in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome (Vascular pharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication Bioequivalence of enalapril oral solution for treatment of pediatric hypertension and enalapril tablets (Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2014) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and tolerability of the fixed lercanidipine-enalapril combination in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension (Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2010) Clinical trial publication [The effect of baseline homocysteine level on the efficacy of enalapril maleate and folic acid tablet in lowering blood pressure and plasma homocysteine] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2008) Randomized controlled trial Incidence and characteristics of angioedema associated with enalapril (Archives of internal medicine, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLERENONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 3 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 41 Trial pubs 38 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00980031 — Aldosterone Blockade to Prevent Myocardial Remodeling In Patients With Controlled Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) NA NCT03186742 — Reduction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Eplerenone Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02890173 — Study of CS-3150 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00758524 — A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of LCI699 in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00138944 — Effectiveness of Eplerenone to Improve Target Organ Damage in Patients With Resistant Arterial Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01373086 — LFF269 Compared to Placebo After Treatment in Subjects With Essential Hypertension (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02345044 — A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of CS-3150 in Japanese Hypertensive Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06208072 — The Predictive Role of Urinary Proteomics in Blood Pressure Response of Obese Hypertensive Treated With Irbesartan or Eplerenone. (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) in primary hypertension: a meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2024) Cochrane review Eplerenone for hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of eplerenone in the management of mild to moderate arterial hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis (International journal of cardiology, 2014) Meta-analysis Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Network Meta-Analysis (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2018) Meta-analysis The Effects of Aldosterone Antagonists in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies (American journal of hypertension, 2015) Systematic review A Systematic Review Supporting the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline on Management of Primary Aldosteronism (The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025) Systematic review [Hypertension in the course of primary aldosteronism during pregnancy] (Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online), 2015) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of eplerenone versus amlodipine on muscle metaboreflex function in hypertensive humans (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2021) Clinical trial publication Effect of the Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, on Nocturnal Hypertension: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ESAX-HTN Study (American journal of hypertension, 2021) Clinical trial publication Double-Blind Randomized Phase 3 Study Comparing Esaxerenone (CS-3150) and Eplerenone in Patients With Essential Hypertension (ESAX-HTN Study) (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) for the treatment of essential hypertension: a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (Journal of human hypertension, 2019) Clinical trial publication Effects of eplerenone on blood pressure and glucose metabolism in Japanese hypertensives with overweight or obesity (Medicine, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 5 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 316 Trial pubs 227 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07421414 — A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and the Safety After Administration of BR1015-A and Co-administration of BR1015-3 and BR1015-2 Under Fed Conditions (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT06212648 — Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06826872 — Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05683301 — Treatment Optimisation for Blood Pressure With Single-Pill Combinations in India (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05878561 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BR1015 Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04686643 — Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AGSAVI in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05110898 — Efficacy and Safety Study of the Fixed-dose Combination of Olmesartan + Indapamide When Compared to the Isolated Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05820880 — Efficacy and Safety of Perindopril 5 mg / Indapamide 1.25 mg / Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed Combination in Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Low-Dose Triple-Pill of Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Indapamide for Initial Hypertension Treatment: A GRADE-Assessed Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of Single-Pill, Triple Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2022) Cochrane review [Effects of clinical medicine on salt sensitivity hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2019) Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of a fixed, low-dose perindopril-indapamide combination as first-line treatment of hypertension (Clinical therapeutics, 2004) Meta-analysis Benefit of treatment based on indapamide mostly combined with perindopril on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a pooled analysis of four trials (Journal of hypertension, 2023) Meta-analysis Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018) Systematic review The effect of indapamide vs. bendroflumethiazide for primary hypertension: a systematic review (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan/Indapamide Combination Therapy versus Fimasartan Monotherapy in Patients with Essential Hypertension Inadequately Responding to Fimasartan 30 mg (FINEDUO): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Three Low-Dose Antihypertensive Agents in a Single Pill after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (The New England journal of medicine, 2026) Clinical trial publication Pooled randomised QUARTET trials assessing effectiveness of a single pill for hypertension (Open heart, 2025) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Low-Dose Triple Single-Pill Combination for the Treatment of Hypertension (Global heart, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 11 Cochrane 20 Meta-analysis 224 Trial pubs 183 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01082835 — Jiangzhuo Qinggan Prescription and Irbesartan in the Treatment of Essential Hypertension(Hepatogastric Damp-heat)Clinical Study (UNKNOWN) NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05476354 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combined Therapy in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00950066 — Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combination in Controlling Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06208072 — The Predictive Role of Urinary Proteomics in Blood Pressure Response of Obese Hypertensive Treated With Irbesartan or Eplerenone. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04488978 — Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Irbesartan and Amlodipine Combined or Alone in Patients With Essential Hypetension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00742066 — Role of AT1-receptor Blockers in Insulin-induced Vasodilation. (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Primary aldosteronism: pharmacotherapy vs surgery vs embolization efficacy - systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies predominantly conducted in China (Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025) Cochrane review Antihypertensive drugs for hyperuricemia in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Chinese trials (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025) Cochrane review Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of six angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertensive patients: a network meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024) Cochrane review Efficacy of single-pill combination in uncontrolled essential hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Clinical cardiology, 2023) Meta-analysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Meta-analysis A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis of Azilsartan Medoxomil Compared to Other Anti-hypertensives Efficacy in Lowering Blood Pressure Amongst Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients (Advances in therapy, 2024) Systematic review A systematic review of commencing full-dose antihypertensives in newly diagnosed hypertension (Blood pressure, 2025) Clinical trial publication Pooled randomised QUARTET trials assessing effectiveness of a single pill for hypertension (Open heart, 2025) Clinical trial publication Pharmacogenomics-Guided Precision Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease with Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study (Kidney & blood pressure research, 2026) Clinical trial publication Initial treatment with a single capsule containing half-dose quadruple therapy vs standard-dose dual therapy in hypertensive patients (QUADUAL): a randomized, blinded, crossover trial (BMC medicine, 2025) Clinical trial publication The Efficacy and Tolerability of Irbesartan/Amlodipine Combination Therapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension Whose Blood Pressure Were not Controlled by Irbesartan Monotherapy (Clinical therapeutics, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 4 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 440 Trial pubs 357 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00624065 — Research Study To Test Carvedilol CR + Lisinopril Versus Lisinopril + Placebo In Patients With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00741585 — Prognostic Value of the Circadian Pattern of Ambulatory Blood Pressure for Multiple Risk Assessment (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02184858 — Dose Titration of Lisinopril in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years With Primary or Secondary Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00537043 — A Study to Compare COREG CR to COREG CR Fixed-dose Combination in Patients With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02603809 — Dose-finding Study With ACT-132577 (Aprocitentan) in Participants With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02412761 — Series of N-of-1 Crossover Trials of Antihypertensive Therapy in Adolescents With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) NA NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT00219167 — A Clinical Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Aliskiren in the Elderly With High Blood Pressure (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Postpartum management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2026) Cochrane review Systematic review: antihypertensive drug therapy in patients of African and South Asian ethnicity (Internal and emergency medicine, 2016) Cochrane review The effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) Cochrane review Telmisartan versus angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Journal of human hypertension, 2009) Meta-analysis Efficacy of pharmacological agents for management of post-partum hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2026) Meta-analysis Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Meta-analysis Pharmacological Treatment of Arterial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Network Meta-Analysis (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2018) Meta-analysis Effects of amlodipine and other classes of antihypertensive drugs on long-term blood pressure variability: evidence from randomized controlled trials (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2014) Clinical trial publication Peripheral endothelial and coronary microvascular responses to lipophilic versus hydrophilic ACE inhibitors in newly diagnosed hypertension (Journal of hypertension, 2026) Clinical trial publication Individual participant-level analysis of four randomized clinical trials examined therapeutic effects of blood pressure lowering on hierarchical kidney outcome using win statistics (Kidney international, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of different antihypertensive drug classes on central and ambulatory blood pressure in resistant hypertension: A randomized clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Utility of a Systolic Blood Pressure Polygenic Risk Score With Chlorthalidone Response (JAMA cardiology, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 36 Trial pubs 33 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05199129 — Clinical Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of HCP1904-3 in Essential Hypertension Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00219141 — Aliskiren in Combination With Losartan Compared to Losartan on the Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Overweight Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06718062 — Non-Inferiority Study of Aliskiren vs Losartan in the Treatment of Hypertension With Hyperuricemia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00994617 — Monotherapy Versus Dual Therapy for Initial Treatment for Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00354991 — Hyzaar Asia HEAALTH (0954A-950) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01307046 — MK-0954A in Japanese Patients With Essential Hypertension Not Adequately Controlled With Losartan (MK-0954A-352) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00157963 — Hydrochlorothiazide (+) Losartan Potassium vs. Amlodipine Comparative Study (0954A-314) (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03276598 — A Study on Molecular Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Safety and tolerability of losartan compared with atenolol, felodipine and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (Journal of hypertension. Supplement : official journal of the International Society of Hypertension, 1995) Clinical trial publication Single-Pill Low-Dose Triple Combination Therapy vs Standard-Dose Monotherapy in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Comparison of efficacy and safety between third-dose triple and third-dose dual antihypertensive combination therapies in patients with hypertension (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of Songlingxuemaikang on mild essential hypertension in patients: a randomized parallel-controlled study (Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2021) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and the Tolerability of a Triple Combination of Amlodipine/Losartan/Rosuvastatin in Patients With Comorbid Essential Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) Clinical trial publication Comparison of Fixed-dose Combinations of Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium/Chlorthalidone and Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium in Patients With Stage 2 Hypertension Inadequately Controlled With Amlodipine/Losartan Potassium: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study (Clinical therapeutics, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	7 trials 29 Trial pubs 27 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642096 — Factorial Study of Metoprolol Succinate TOPROL-XL (324A) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00152633 — Effect of Losartan on Retinal Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612298 — Efficacy and Safety of Arotinolol Hydrochloride on Morning Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00861016 — Efficacy and Safety of Metoprolol Succinate Prolonged-Release Tablet in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Clinical trial publication Calcium Channel Blockade Versus β-Blockade for Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the FDC of telmisartan + bisoprolol with telmisartan + metoprolol succinate ER combination therapy for stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension: A double-blind, multicentric, phase-III clinical study (Indian heart journal, 2024) Clinical trial publication Differential effects of nebivolol vs. metoprolol on microvascular function in hypertensive humans (American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Chronic Nebivolol Treatment Suppresses Endothelin-1-Mediated Vasoconstrictor Tone in Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXONIDINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	1 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 57 Trial pubs 41 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00160277 — Efficacy and Safety of Moxonidine in Indian Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Not first-line antihypertensive agents, but still effective-The efficacy and safety of imidazoline receptor agonists: A network meta-analysis (Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2024) Cochrane review Impact of Antihypertensive Agents on Central Systolic Blood Pressure and Augmentation Index: A Meta-Analysis (American journal of hypertension, 2016) Clinical trial publication Potential of Combination Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Prediabetes: Focus on Organ Protection (Kardiologiia, 2025) Clinical trial publication MARRIAGE: A Randomized Trial of Moxonidine Versus Ramipril or in Combination With Ramipril in Overweight Patients With Hypertension and Impaired Fasting Glucose or Diabetes Mellitus. Impact on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Metabolic Parameters (Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics, 2024) Clinical trial publication Influence of Moxonidine and Bisoprolol on Morphofunctional Condition of Arterial Wall and Telomerase Activity in Postmenopausal Women with Arterial Hypertension and Osteopenia. The Results from a Moscow Randomized Study (Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2022) Clinical trial publication [New possibilities of using moxonidin for blood pressure control in female patients with osteopenia] (Kardiologiia, 2018) Clinical trial publication Aortic remodelling following the treatment and regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study (Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIFEDIPINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 25 Cochrane 44 Meta-analysis 956 Trial pubs 689 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04755764 — Effect of Labetalol, Atenolol, and Nifedipine on Maternal Hemodynamics Measured by ICG in Early Pregnancy (RECRUITING) NCT01788358 — Open-Label Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Study of Fixed Dose Combination of Nifedipine Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System and Candesartan Cilexetil in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01287260 — High Dose BAYA1040_Nifedipine: a Dose-comparative Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02499822 — REducing Blood Pressure Variability in Essential Hypertension With RAmipril vErsus Nifedipine GITS Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02641821 — Effect of Nifedipine GITS in Patients With Mild-to-moderate Primary Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01294215 — High Dose BAYA1040_Nifedipine: a Long Term Combination Study (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06501651 — Sacubitril/Valsartan Treats Patients With Essential Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT05947448 — Efficacy and Safety of Mexartan Potassium Tablets (AZL-M) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) in the Treatment of Adults With Essential Hypertension in Chinese Population: a National Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Postpartum management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2026) Cochrane review Targeted antihypertensive therapy after hypertensive pregnancy: Lactation-safe choices, treatment thresholds, and outcomes (2015-2025) (Current problems in cardiology, 2025) Cochrane review Risk of postpartum readmission following discharge on nifedipine or labetalol for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy and Safety of Nifedipine Compared to Intravenous Hydralazine for Severe Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randmomized Controlled Trials (Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025) Cochrane review Oral antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy of pharmacological agents for management of post-partum hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2026) Meta-analysis Antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension and implications for fetal and neonatal heart rate monitoring: A systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies (Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025) Systematic review Prescribing patterns for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review (BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2026) Clinical trial publication Patient-profiled treatment responses in a large hypertension trial: a posthoc analysis of the INSIGHT study (Journal of hypertension, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effect of nifedipine combined with magnesium sulfate on gestational hypertension and its impact on blood lipids (Blood pressure monitoring, 2026) Clinical trial publication Alcohol consumption and ambulatory blood pressure-lowering effect in male patients on clinic blood pressure-guided antihypertensive treatment (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2025) Clinical trial publication Amlodipine versus nifedipine ER for the management of postpartum hypertension: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial (American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	2 trials 7 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05288400 — Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine 5mg/ Bisoprolol Fumarate 5mg /Perindopril Arginine 5mg Fixed-dose Combination in Capsule and Free Monotherapy at the Same Dose in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01556997 — Perindopril Amlodipine for the Treatment of Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Systematic review Perindopril arginine and amlodipine besylate for hypertension: a safety evaluation (Expert opinion on drug safety, 2018) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled, Two Parallel-Group, Optional Titration, Multicenter, Phase IIIb Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan Versus Perindopril Monotherapy With and Without a Diuretic Combination in Elderly Patients With Essential Hypertension (Clinical therapeutics, 2021) Clinical trial publication Effect of Perindopril/Indapamide on Cerebral Blood Flow in Middle-Aged, Treatment-Naïve Patients with Hypertension (Advances in therapy, 2020) Clinical trial publication An evaluation of the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on the growth rate of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (AARDVARK) (European heart journal, 2016) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Perindopril Arginine/Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Adequately Controlled with Amlodipine 5 mg or Perindopril tert-Butylamine 4 mg Monotherapy (Cardiology, 2016) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy comparison between 5 mg perindopril arginine salt and 4 mg perindopril tert-butylamine salt for patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension] (Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi, 2015) Randomized controlled trial Efficacy and safety of perindopril arginine + amlodipine in hypertension (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of reserpine for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of reserpine for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009) Clinical trial publication Treatment of mild hypertension: results of a ten-year intervention trial (Circulation research, 1977) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	8 trials 26 Cochrane 53 Meta-analysis 495 Trial pubs 426 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06863987 — A Phase III Clinical Study of Valsartan Oral Solution for the Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) PHASE3 NCT01241487 — A National Multicentre Study to Assess the Efficacy of the Fixed Combination of Valsartan and Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients Not Controlled by Monotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00699192 — Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Once Daily Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/80 as Compared to Amlodipine/Valsartan 5/40 or to Amlodipine 5 mg Monotherapy in Patients 65 Years of Age and Older With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01785472 — Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 in Comparison to Olmesartan in Asian Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00386607 — A Safety and Tolerability Study of the Combination of Aliskiren/Valsartan in Patients With High Blood Pressure, Followed by Long-term Safety and Tolerability of Aliskiren, Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00413049 — Efficacy/Safety of Valsartan Plus Amlodipine and Amlodipine Alone in Patients With Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00254475 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Valsartan/Simvastatin Combinations in Patients With Both Essential Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01878201 — A Valsartan 80 Mg-Referenced, Therapeutic Exploratory Clinical Study to Evaluate the Antihypertensive Efficacy of Fimasartan 30 mg During 24 Hours in Patients With Mild to Moderate Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Antihypertensive drugs for hyperuricemia in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of Chinese trials (BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025) Cochrane review Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Renin inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of sacubitril-valsartan in hypertension patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance dialysis: a meta-analysis (Journal of hypertension, 2025) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy and safety of six angiotensin II receptor blockers in hypertensive patients: a network meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024) Meta-analysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2025) Systematic review A Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-analysis of Azilsartan Medoxomil Compared to Other Anti-hypertensives Efficacy in Lowering Blood Pressure Amongst Mild to Moderate Hypertensive Patients (Advances in therapy, 2024) Systematic review Comparison of sacubitril/valsartan with olmesartan for hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of SPH3127 Tablet, a Novel Direct Renin Inhibitor, in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension: A Phase III Randomised Trial (Drugs, 2026) Clinical trial publication Sexual function among controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive females receiving beta-blockers or ACEI/ARB and thiazides: a prospective randomized controlled study (Scientific reports, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of different antihypertensive drug classes on central and ambulatory blood pressure in resistant hypertension: A randomized clinical trial (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026) Clinical trial publication On-treatment systolic blood pressure and preserved kidney function in hypertensive patients with proteinuria. The VALUE Trial (Blood pressure, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISKIREN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATENOLOL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1111	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200326	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200338	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200343	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200515	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200813	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200862	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201167	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201731	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL134	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1398126	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1668	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1671	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1694	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL181	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2103795	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL279516	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL289480	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL393220	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL459	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL730	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL772	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL802	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMIPRIL	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISKIREN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANDESARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIMASARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACUBITRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZELNIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENAZEPRIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL118	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200731	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1237132	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL136478	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1434	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL23261	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL239243	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL25	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL279229	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL526	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL545	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL645	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL681	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL778	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROSPIRENONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZETIMIBE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERCANIDIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVAMLODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOSARTAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	7 trials 8 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 580 Trial pubs 409 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642096 — Factorial Study of Metoprolol Succinate TOPROL-XL (324A) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00152633 — Effect of Losartan on Retinal Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612298 — Efficacy and Safety of Arotinolol Hydrochloride on Morning Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00861016 — Efficacy and Safety of Metoprolol Succinate Prolonged-Release Tablet in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy of β-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2017) Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of beta-1 selective beta blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Meta-analysis Impact of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular event reduction in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (The Pan African medical journal, 2025) Meta-analysis Antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension and implications for fetal and neonatal heart rate monitoring: A systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies (Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering effects of β-blockers as add-on or combination therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Systematic review Treatment Strategies for Paradoxical Hypertension Following Surgical Correction of Coarctation of the Aorta in Children (World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Calcium Channel Blockade Versus β-Blockade for Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy of β-Blockers in Older Adults With Hypertension Combined With Vascular Dementia] (Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITOKIREN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL550	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSTAFUROXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACT-280778	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APROCITENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL112	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201823	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1311	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2008565	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL256087	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL304253	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3989541	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3989595	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL413	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL461343	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL521	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL539423	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL779	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL846	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIRIBASTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSILODROSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-00489791	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200496	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1201668	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1456	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL718	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL93268	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
COCOA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOLDOPAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXCINOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPROXEN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALFIRASTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMILORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ 788	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BQ-123	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200775	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FELODIPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RASBURICASE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERACTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACEBUTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETALDEHYDE Repurposing via ADH1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCHOLINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANGIOTENSIN II Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARBUTAMINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ARGIPRESSIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASCORBIC ACID Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ASPIRIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENAZEPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETHANIDINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BISOPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRETYLIUM Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BUMETANIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CANDOXATRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CAPTOPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARTEOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARTEOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELIPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORTHALIDONE Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CILAZAPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DESERPIDINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DESIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILEVALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRIL MALEATE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ENALAPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPROSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESMOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ESMOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FENOTEROL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLECAINIDE ACETATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOMEPIZOLE Repurposing via ADH1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSINOPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FOSINOPRIL SODIUM Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSLEVODOPA Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
FUROSEMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
GENISTEIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIDAPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDACATEROL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	8 trials 5 Cochrane 19 Meta-analysis 316 Trial pubs 227 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07421414 — A Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and the Safety After Administration of BR1015-A and Co-administration of BR1015-3 and BR1015-2 Under Fed Conditions (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT06212648 — Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 and Monotherapy in Patients With Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06826872 — Efficacy and Safety of SPC1001 in Patients With Essential Hypertension (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05683301 — Treatment Optimisation for Blood Pressure With Single-Pill Combinations in India (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05878561 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BR1015 Combination Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04686643 — Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of AGSAVI in Patients With Essential Hypertension (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05110898 — Efficacy and Safety Study of the Fixed-dose Combination of Olmesartan + Indapamide When Compared to the Isolated Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension. (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT05820880 — Efficacy and Safety of Perindopril 5 mg / Indapamide 1.25 mg / Amlodipine 5 mg Fixed Combination in Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Low-Dose Triple-Pill of Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Indapamide for Initial Hypertension Treatment: A GRADE-Assessed Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy of Single-Pill, Triple Antihypertensive Therapy in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2022) Cochrane review [Effects of clinical medicine on salt sensitivity hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis] (Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 2019) Cochrane review Blood pressure-lowering efficacy of monotherapy with thiazide diuretics for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Cochrane review A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of a fixed, low-dose perindopril-indapamide combination as first-line treatment of hypertension (Clinical therapeutics, 2004) Meta-analysis Benefit of treatment based on indapamide mostly combined with perindopril on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes: a pooled analysis of four trials (Journal of hypertension, 2023) Meta-analysis Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2018) Systematic review The effect of indapamide vs. bendroflumethiazide for primary hypertension: a systematic review (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Fimasartan/Indapamide Combination Therapy versus Fimasartan Monotherapy in Patients with Essential Hypertension Inadequately Responding to Fimasartan 30 mg (FINEDUO): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study (Drug design, development and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Three Low-Dose Antihypertensive Agents in a Single Pill after Intracerebral Hemorrhage (The New England journal of medicine, 2026) Clinical trial publication Pooled randomised QUARTET trials assessing effectiveness of a single pill for hypertension (Open heart, 2025) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Low-Dose Triple Single-Pill Combination for the Treatment of Hypertension (Global heart, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
IRBESARTAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOETHARINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROTERENOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETALOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LANDIOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LANDIOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LECANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBETAXOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOBUNOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LEVOBUNOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LISINOPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MALATHION Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESTRANOL Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	7 trials 8 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 580 Trial pubs 409 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00819104 — A Study to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Selomax With Its Individual Components (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00642096 — Factorial Study of Metoprolol Succinate TOPROL-XL (324A) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01238705 — Combined Antihypertensive Therapy and Sexual Dysfunction (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00152633 — Effect of Losartan on Retinal Endothelial Function in Patients With Essential Hypertension (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT02336607 — The Effects on Blood Pressure Control, Pulse Wave Velocity, as Well as Safety and Tolerability of Felodipine Sustained Release in Chinese Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT02612298 — Efficacy and Safety of Arotinolol Hydrochloride on Morning Blood Pressure and Heart Rate (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00861016 — Efficacy and Safety of Metoprolol Succinate Prolonged-Release Tablet in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Position of Beta-blockers in the Treatment of Hypertension Today: An Indian Consensus (The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2024) Cochrane review Comparative efficacy of β-blockers on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH, 2017) Cochrane review Treatment efficacy of anti-hypertensive drugs in monotherapy or combination: ATOM systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials according to PRISMA statement (Medicine, 2016) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of beta-1 selective beta blockers for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Cochrane review Cochrane in context: pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children (Evidence-based child health : a Cochrane review journal, 2014) Meta-analysis Impact of antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular event reduction in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (The Pan African medical journal, 2025) Meta-analysis Antihypertensive therapy for pregnancy hypertension and implications for fetal and neonatal heart rate monitoring: A systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies (Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2025) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering effects of β-blockers as add-on or combination therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2023) Systematic review Treatment Strategies for Paradoxical Hypertension Following Surgical Correction of Coarctation of the Aorta in Children (World journal for pediatric & congenital heart surgery, 2017) Clinical trial publication Calcium Channel Blockade Versus β-Blockade for Hypertension in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Crossover Trial (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of Two Allisartan Isoproxil-Based Antihypertensive Therapies on Sexual Function and Blood Pressure in Male Hypertensive Patients: A Single-Center, Open-Label, and Randomized Controlled Trial (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication [Efficacy of β-Blockers in Older Adults With Hypertension Combined With Vascular Dementia] (Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL TARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MOEXIPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
MOEXIPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NADOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NITREFAZOLE Repurposing via ADH1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROPRUSSIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
OXPRENOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENBUTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PERINDOPRIL ARGININE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRIL ERBUMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERINDOPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PINDOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRACTOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PRONETALOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPAFENONE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
PROPAFENONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINAPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AGT	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
QUINAPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RACEPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RAMIPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RESCINNAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SARALASIN ACETATE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILDENAFIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SOTALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPARSENTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRAPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TERBUTALINE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TIMOLOL MALEATE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORSEMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRANDOLAPRIL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRANDOLAPRILAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
VORINOSTAT Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing via ADRB1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT Repurposing via ATP2B1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
TASOSARTAN Repurposing via AGTR1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ACE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Berberine OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Cardiovascular Effects of Herbal Products and Their Interaction with Antihypertensive Drugs-Comprehensive Review (International journal of molecular sciences, 2024) Cochrane review Berberine for the treatment of hypertension: A systematic review (Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 2021) Cochrane review Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension (Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2015) Clinical trial publication NUtraceutical TReatment for hYpercholesterolemia in HIV-infected patients: The NU-TRY(HIV) randomized cross-over trial (Atherosclerosis, 2019) Clinical trial publication Nutraceuticals for Serum Lipid and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive and Hypercholesterolemic Subjects at Low Cardiovascular Risk (Advances in therapy, 2015) Clinical trial publication Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control in patients with high-normal or grade 1 hypertension (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Coenzyme Q10 OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	6 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 13 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022) Cochrane review Coenzyme Q10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension: A Systematic Review (The Journal of nutrition, 2022) Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of hypertension: An evidence-based review (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018) Cochrane review The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2018) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Meta-analysis Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009) Systematic review Recent Developments in the Role of Coenzyme Q10 for Coronary Heart Disease: a Systematic Review (Current atherosclerosis reports, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of compound fish oil capsules on microvascular function in hypertensive individuals: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (Food & function, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of curcumin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic control in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial (Nutrition journal, 2022) Clinical trial publication Effect of Monacolin K and COQ10 supplementation in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects with metabolic syndrome (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2018) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Adiponectin in Mildly Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Garlic (Allium sativum) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	1 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis (The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2008) Cochrane review Clinical effectiveness of garlic (Allium sativum) (Molecular nutrition & food research, 2007) Clinical trial publication Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial (Nutrients, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Hawthorn (Crataegus) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02419235 — The Effect of a Homoeopathic Complex on Blood Pressure in Refractory Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial (The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle tea) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Olive leaf extract (Oleuropein) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Rauwolfia serpentina (Reserpine) OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation

Natural Products

98 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce systolic blood pressu… Meta Analysis Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is inversely associated with hy… Meta Analysis In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation lowered blood pressure.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	18 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Garlic Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta-ana… Meta Analysis, Review Garlic supplements may be considered as a treatment option for hyperten… Meta Analysis, Review Kyolic aged garlic extract is considered to be highly tolerable with a…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Vitamin E might be an effective measure to reduce systolic blood pressu… Meta Analysis Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is inversely associated with hy… Meta Analysis In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation lowered blood pressure.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 trials 6 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Meta Analysis Omega-3 fatty acid consumption is inversely associated with incidence o… Meta Analysis Omega-3 PUFA are associated with significant improvement in vascular fu… Meta Analysis The beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on contro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	1 trials 21 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01566188 — Vascular Impact of Omega-3 in Metabolic Syndrome (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Meta Analysis Magnesium supplementation significantly lowers BP in individuals with i… Meta Analysis This uniform subset of seven studies showed a strong effect of magnesiu… Human Study A combination of polyphenols reduced diastolic pressure by potentiating…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	3 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01900171 — Phase I Study in Healthy Male Subjects Comparing QGC001 to Placebo (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02822222 — Safety Study of RMJH-111b to Treat Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01900184 — Study of the Product QGC001 as a Single Dose and Multiple Doses Administered Orally to Healthy Adult Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Cochrane review Folic acid supplementation and blood pressure: a GRADE-assessed systema… Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative me… Clinical trial publication Posttreatment Blood Pressure as a Key Predictor in a 5-Year Stroke Pred…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	4 trials 2 Cochrane 37 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00794885 — China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01956786 — Efficacy of Amlodipine-Folic Acid Tablets on Reduction of Blood Pressure and Plasma Homocysteine (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01848873 — Efficacy of Amlodipine-folic Acid Tablets on Reduction of Blood Pressure and Plasma Homocysteine (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Folic acid supplementation and blood pressure: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 41,633 participants (Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of hypertension: An evidence-based review (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018) Clinical trial publication Posttreatment Blood Pressure as a Key Predictor in a 5-Year Stroke Prediction Model (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2025) Clinical trial publication Optimal folic acid dosage in lowering homocysteine: Precision Folic Acid Trial to lower homocysteine (PFAT-Hcy) (European journal of nutrition, 2024) Clinical trial publication Inverse Association Between Baseline Plasma Selenium Concentrations and Risks of Renal Function Decline in Hypertensive Adults (The Journal of nutrition, 2023) Clinical trial publication Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Reduces Blood Pressure in Tanzanian Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial (The Journal of nutrition, 2020) Clinical trial publication Feasibility and acceptability of a nutritional intervention testing the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and folic acid on blood pressure in Tanzanian adults with elevated blood pressure (International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Cochrane review Effect of vitamin B(2), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid… Randomized controlled trial Labetalol, Low-dose Aspirin, and Vitamin E and Calcium for Gestational… Randomized controlled trial Effects of Low-Dose Aspirin Combined with Vitamin E on the Incidence of…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	2 trials 1 Cochrane 34 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03538327 — Effects of Silybin in Hypertensive Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) Published literature Cochrane review Effect of vitamin B(2), vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid in adults with essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (BMJ open, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Labetalol, Low-dose Aspirin, and Vitamin E and Calcium for Gestational Hypertension and Influence on MicroRNA-126 and PLGF Levels (Alternative therapies in health and medicine, 2023) Randomized controlled trial Effects of Low-Dose Aspirin Combined with Vitamin E on the Incidence of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hemorheological Indexes of Pregnant Women in Patients with Gestational Hypertension (Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Is there a beneficial effect of gamma-linolenic acid supplementation on body fat in postmenopausal hypertensive women? A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2021) Randomized controlled trial Association between plasma retinol levels and the risk of all-cause mortality in general hypertensive patients: A nested case-control study (Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2020) Randomized controlled trial Effect of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing cardiovascular risk factors: A longitudinal controlled trial on hypertensive subjects (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Calcium Natural product Cochrane review Adverse Effects and Treatment Discontinuation of Blood Pressure-Lowerin… Cochrane review Impact of Different Antihypertensive Drug Classes on Incident Dementia… Cochrane review The preventive effects of different interventions on gestational hypert…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	8 trials 199 Cochrane 299 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06395194 — Effects of Valsartan vs Amlodipine and Low BP on Kidney Outcomes in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT02166814 — A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Combination of Fimasartan/Rosuvastatin in Comparison to Each Component Administered Alone in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Dyslipidemia (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03872232 — Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Co-administrated Rosuvastatin/Ezetimibe and Telmisartan (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04659070 — To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Co-administrated Ezetimibe/Rosuvastatin and Telmisartan in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Primary Hypercholesterolemia (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT03261375 — To Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of a Radiofrequency Renal Denervation System in Treatment of Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) NA NCT03371797 — Amlodipine VaLsartan Efficacy in Hypertensive Patients.A Real World Trial (COMPLETED) NCT05972785 — Long-term Use of CCB and Breast Cancer Risk (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NCT05947448 — Efficacy and Safety of Mexartan Potassium Tablets (AZL-M) and Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) in the Treatment of Adults With Essential Hypertension in Chinese Population: a National Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study (UNKNOWN) Published literature Cochrane review Adverse Effects and Treatment Discontinuation of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs and Combinations: A Network Meta-Analysis (JAMA, 2026) Cochrane review Impact of Different Antihypertensive Drug Classes on Incident Dementia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2026) Cochrane review The preventive effects of different interventions on gestational hypertension: incidence and network meta-analysis (The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2026) Cochrane review Efficacy and Safety of ARB-Based Combination Therapies for Treatment of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2026) Cochrane review Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2025) Meta-analysis Efficacy of pharmacological agents for management of post-partum hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Journal of human hypertension, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Psyllium Natural product Clinical trial publication The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet o… Clinical trial publication Different effect of psyllium and guar dietary supplementation on blood… Clinical trial publication Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in t…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals (The British journal of nutrition, 2012) Clinical trial publication Different effect of psyllium and guar dietary supplementation on blood pressure control in hypertensive overweight patients: a six-month, randomized clinical trial (Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 2007) Clinical trial publication Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives (Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2001) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Grape Seed Extract Natural product Meta-analysis The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A… Clinical trial publication Effect of 7-day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on card… Clinical trial publication Effects of grape seed extract beverage on blood pressure and metabolic…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Meta-analysis 3 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials (Medicine, 2016) Clinical trial publication Effect of 7-day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses in elevated and stage 1 hypertension (Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effects of grape seed extract beverage on blood pressure and metabolic indices in individuals with pre-hypertension: a randomised, double-blinded, two-arm, parallel, placebo-controlled trial (The British journal of nutrition, 2016) Clinical trial publication Effect of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract on ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension (The British journal of nutrition, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Egcg Natural product Clinical trial publication The effect of three weeks green tea extract consumption on blood pressu… Clinical trial publication Antihypertensive effect of Benifuuki tea containing O-methylated EGCG Meta Analysis, Review Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseas…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	2 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication The effect of three weeks green tea extract consumption on blood pressure, heart rate responses to a single bout resistance exercise in hypertensive women (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2014) Clinical trial publication Antihypertensive effect of Benifuuki tea containing O-methylated EGCG (Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
L-Citrulline Natural product Meta-analysis Does l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake reduce blood pr… Randomized controlled trial Dose-Response Effect of Watermelon Consumption on Ambulatory Blood Pres… Randomized controlled trial L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Ox…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	1 Meta-analysis 13 RCT View evidence Published literature Meta-analysis Does l-citrulline supplementation and watermelon intake reduce blood pressure in middle-aged and older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Dose-Response Effect of Watermelon Consumption on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (Nutrients, 2025) Randomized controlled trial L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Arterial Blood Flow and Muscle Oxygenation during Handgrip Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women (Nutrients, 2024) Randomized controlled trial CHronic hypERtension and L-citRulline studY (CHERRY): an Early-Phase Randomised Controlled Trial in Pregnancy (Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2024) Randomized controlled trial Combined L-Citrulline Supplementation and Slow Velocity Low-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Leg Endothelial Function, Lean Mass, and Strength in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women (Nutrients, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women (Nutrients, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Quercetin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Quercetin intake resulted in significantly decreased blood pressure in… Meta Analysis Quercetin supplementation decreases BP in normotensive and (pre)hyperte… Meta Analysis The current meta-analysis demonstrated that quercetin supplementation s…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	5 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Resveratrol Natural product Cochrane review Nutraceuticals and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: The Available C… Cochrane review The Effect of Resveratrol dose and Duration of Treatment on Blood Press… Meta Analysis The present meta-analysis indicates that resveratrol consumption signif…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	2 Cochrane 10 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Nutraceuticals and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: The Available Clinical Evidence (Nutrients, 2020) Cochrane review The Effect of Resveratrol dose and Duration of Treatment on Blood Pressure in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders: A Systematic Review (Current drug discovery technologies, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa supplementation. Human Study A minor metabolite from Curcuma longa effective against metabolic syndr…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	2 Cochrane 3 RCT View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Saffron Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Saffron supplementation may significantly improve both systolic and dia… Meta Analysis The available evidence indicates that saffron is a safe plant for admin… Human Study A probiotic supplement with saffron extract improves serum triglyceride…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Alpha lipoic acid administrations significantly reduced systolic blood… Meta Analysis The current meta-analysis revealed that alpha-lipoic acid supplementati…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
L-Arginine Natural product Effect of direct renin inhibition on vascular function after long-term… The effects of amlodipine and S(-)-amlodipine on vascular endothelial f… Enhanced sodium retention after acute nitric oxide blockade in mildly s…	Amino acid	Phase III	Emerging	7	6 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01556997 — Perindopril Amlodipine for the Treatment of Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00137124 — L-Arginine Metabolism in Essential Hypertension (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05288400 — Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Amlodipine 5mg/ Bisoprolol Fumarate 5mg /Perindopril Arginine 5mg Fixed-dose Combination in Capsule and Free Monotherapy at the Same Dose in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension. (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00345150 — Effects of Inhibition of NO-Synthesis on Renal Hemodynamics and Sodium Excretion in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Healthy Controls (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01617551 — Effect of Renal Denervation on NO-mediated Sodium Excretion and Plasma Levels of Vasoactive Hormones (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01742702 — HaemoDYNAMICs in Primary and Secondary Hypertension (UNKNOWN) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Coenzyme Q10 Natural product Cochrane review Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure… Cochrane review Coenzyme Q10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease and Hyper… Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative me…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	6 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 13 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Cochrane review Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2022) Cochrane review Coenzyme Q10 as Adjunctive Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension: A Systematic Review (The Journal of nutrition, 2022) Cochrane review Review: Beyond conventional therapies: Complementary and alternative medicine in the management of hypertension: An evidence-based review (Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2018) Cochrane review The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 2018) Cochrane review Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016) Meta-analysis Nutraceuticals with a clinically detectable blood pressure-lowering effect: a review of available randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2017) Meta-analysis Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009) Systematic review Recent Developments in the Role of Coenzyme Q10 for Coronary Heart Disease: a Systematic Review (Current atherosclerosis reports, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of compound fish oil capsules on microvascular function in hypertensive individuals: a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (Food & function, 2026) Clinical trial publication Effects of curcumin and/or coenzyme Q10 supplementation on metabolic control in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial (Nutrition journal, 2022) Clinical trial publication Effect of Monacolin K and COQ10 supplementation in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic subjects with metabolic syndrome (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2018) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Adiponectin in Mildly Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Sulforaphane Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Fenugreek Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effects of fenugreek seed consumption on blood pressure.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		—
Probiotics Natural product Meta Analysis Probiotics may decrease the indexes of lipid profile, blood pressure, a… Human Study A probiotic supplement with saffron extract improves serum triglyceride…	Probiotic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		—
Spirulina Natural product Meta Analysis Spirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	—		—
Nifedipine Natural product Clinical effect and safety of nifedipine controlled-release tablets com… [Effect of acupuncture at Renying (ST 9) on blood pressure in patients… Effects of doxazosin mesylate versus nifedipine on blood pressure varia…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Lisinopril Anhydrous Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Enalaprilat Anhydrous Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Captopril Natural product Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of a standardized herbal medicinal… [Efficacy observation on acupuncture for essential hypertension of yin… Effects on insulin action of adding low-dose thiazide to angiotensin-co…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Enalapril Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Quinapril Natural product Effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and beta-blo… Drugs with blocking effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system… Comparative effect of clinidipine and quinapril on left ventricular mas…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Quinaprilat Natural product Quinaprilat-induced vasodilatation in forearm vasculature of patients w… [Conversion from oral ACE inhibitor to intravenous quinaprilat administ… Quinapril. A reappraisal of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy i…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Moexipril Natural product Increased arterial distensibility in postmenopausal hypertensive women… Antihypertensive effectiveness of a very low fixed-dose combination of… Usefulness of moexipril and hydrochlorothiazide in moderately severe es…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
N-Heptylformamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
N-Cyclohexylformamide Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Alprenolol Natural product Twice-daily pindolol and alprenolol in essential hypertension of modera… [Alprenolol and alphamethyl-dopa in untreated cases of essential hypert… [Combination therapy with alprenolol and hydralazine in essential hyper…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Betaxolol Natural product [Effect of betaxolol on blood pressure and heart rate in mild to modera… Population dose versus response of betaxolol and atenolol: a comparison… Cardiac changes from beta-blocker, diuretic and minoxidil combination i…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Carteolol Natural product Muscle cramps and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase levels induced… Ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate during once-daily, randomized,… Metabolic effects of carteolol and dilevalol in essential hypertension	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Propranolol Natural product Effects of atenolol and propranolol on platelet aggregation in moderate… Effects of carvedilol on oxidative stress in polymorphonuclear and mono… No cardiovascular effects of single-dose pseudoephedrine in patients wi…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Eprosartan Natural product Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes of long-term angiotensin re… Antihypertensive effects and safety of eprosartan: a meta-analysis of r… The effect of eprosartan on reflex sympathetic activation in sodium res…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Irbesartan Natural product Human Study A large randomized trial following 4100+ men and women with heart failu…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Valsartan Natural product Efficacy and Safety of SPH3127 Tablet, a Novel Direct Renin Inhibitor,… Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on hypertensive heart disease: the REVE… Effects of valsartan vs amlodipine and achieved lower blood pressure on…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Tasosartan Natural product Tasosartan and hydroclorothiazide as combination therapy in the treatme… Effects of angiotensin antagonism with tasosartan on regional and syste… Efficacy and tolerability of tasosartan, a novel angiotensin II recepto…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Losartan Potassium Natural product Single-Pill Low-Dose Triple Combination Therapy vs Standard-Dose Monoth… Effect of Songlingxuemaikang on mild essential hypertension in patients… A Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Ev…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nitrendipine Natural product Antihypertensive effects and safety of eprosartan: a meta-analysis of r… Chronotherapy with nifedipine GITS in hypertensive patients: improved e… Dose- and administration time-dependent effects of nifedipine gits on a…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Verapamil Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Polyphenols Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of antioxidant polyphenol supplementation on cardiometabolic… Meta Analysis Daily grape polyphenol intake can significantly reduce the systolic blo… Human Study A combination of polyphenols reduced diastolic pressure by potentiating…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fruit: All Natural product Meta Analysis Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened bevera… Meta Analysis Greater long-term intake and increased consumption of whole fruits may… Meta Analysis Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables could be beneficial in pr…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Anthocyanins Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of antioxidant polyphenol supplementation on cardiometabolic…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Flavonoids Natural product Meta Analysis Cocoa products have blood-pressure lowering capacity. Meta Analysis Dark chocolate is superior to placebo in reducing systolic hypertension…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Chokeberry Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Daily supplementation with aronia melanocarpa reduces blood pressure an…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Vegetables: All Natural product Meta Analysis Greater long-term intake and increased consumption of whole fruits may… Meta Analysis Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables could be beneficial in pr… Human Study A high intake of fruit and vegetables combined, and total fruit was ass…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fiber Natural product Human Study A diet rich in fiber may have a moderate blood pressure-lowering effect Human Study A high fiber, low sodium, low fat diet is superior to metoprolol in hyp… Human Study A higher consumption of dietary fiber was a protective factor for depre…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Nigella Sativa (Aka Black Seed) Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of curcumin/turmeric supplementation in predia… Meta Analysis, Review Antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa supplementation. Meta Analysis, Review Nigella sativa and health outcomes: An overview of systematic reviews a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cocoa Natural product Meta Analysis Cocoa products have blood-pressure lowering capacity. Meta Analysis Effects of cocoa consumption on cardiometabolic risk markers. Meta Analysis Meta-analysis: Chocolate, cocoa and flavan-3-ols improve insulin resist…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Beet Natural product Meta Analysis, Review These results demonstrate the blood pressure-lowering effects of beetro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Celery Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Effects of celery on blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile in adul…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Onion Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta-ana…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Blueberry Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Blueberry intervention improves metabolic syndrome risk factors.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Grape Natural product Meta Analysis Daily grape polyphenol intake can significantly reduce the systolic blo… Meta Analysis Grape seed extract exerted a beneficial impact on blood pressure. Meta Analysis Grape seed extract reduces blood pressure, a cardiovascular risk marker.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Black Tea Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Green and black tea for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseas… Meta Analysis, Review This meta-analysis indicates that regular consumption of black tea can…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Garlic: Aged Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Allium vegetable consumption and health: An umbrella review of meta-ana… Meta Analysis, Review Garlic supplements may be considered as a treatment option for hyperten… Meta Analysis, Review Kyolic aged garlic extract is considered to be highly tolerable with a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Chocolate Natural product Meta Analysis Dark chocolate is superior to placebo in reducing systolic hypertension… Meta Analysis Meta-analysis: Chocolate, cocoa and flavan-3-ols improve insulin resist…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Flaxseed Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of flaxseed oil consumtion on blood pressure among patients… Meta Analysis Meta-analysis: Flaxseed consumption may reduce blood pressure Meta Analysis This meta-analysis of RCTs showed significant reductions in both SBP an…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Policosanol Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Policosanol supplementation significantly improves blood pressure among…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Orange Natural product Meta Analysis This meta-analysis demonstrates the beneficial effects of chronic orang…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Hesperidin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Hesperidin reduces systolic blood pressure in diabetic patients.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		PubChem
Lignans Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Sesamin can be used as an obtainable dietary supplement to improve bloo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Catechin Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effect of antioxidant polyphenol supplementation on cardiometabolic… Meta Analysis, Review The present meta-analysis suggests that green tea and its catechins may… Human Study A significant acute improvement in maximum FMD% with apple extract rich…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Pomegranate Natural product Meta Analysis, Review The effects of pomegranate consumption on blood pressure in adults. Meta Analysis The present meta-analysis suggests consistent benefits of pomegranate j…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Artichoke Natural product Meta Analysis, Review This study found a significant reduction in both SBP and DBP following…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Cranberry Natural product Meta Analysis, Review These findings suggest that high-intensity, short-term aerobic excerise… Meta Analysis, Review These findings suggest that supplementing cranberry or cherry juice mig…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Corn Silk Natural product Meta Analysis, Review A systematic review and meta-analysis of corn silk tea for hypertension. Meta Analysis, Review A systematic review and meta-analysis running to lower resting blood pr…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Chia Natural product Meta Analysis Chia seed displays hypoglycemic and and antihypertensive activity.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Hibiscus Sabdariffa Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa on reducing blood pressure in patients…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Nuts Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Nut consumption leads to a significant reduction in SBP in participants…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Oats Natural product Human Study 206 volunteers were randomly placed into 2 dietary groups; the group co…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Bilberry Natural product Human Study A combination of polyphenols reduced diastolic pressure by potentiating… Human Study A grape seed and bilberry extract reduces blood pressure in individuals…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Oat Bran Natural product Human Study A blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil as cooking oil showed a signifi… Human Study A diet rich in fiber may have a moderate blood pressure-lowering effect	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Fermented Foods and Beverages Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Ultra-processed foods and human health. Meta Analysis Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened bevera… Meta Analysis, Review Sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with a modest risk of develop…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Whey Natural product Human Study A fermented milk containing whey protein concentrate has a positive eff… Human Study A fermented whey product has therapeutic value in the treatment of meta…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—
Almond Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.