Peripheral Neuropathy (Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy)

Disease overview

Alterations

109

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

Via biomarker

121

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

186

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP, ChEMBL NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Progressive with worsening glycaemic control; reversal essentially not possible with current treatments once established; spontaneous improvement only in cases of rapid glycaemic normalisation early in course

Best-intervention remission

Intensive glycaemic control in T1DM (DCCT): 60% reduction in neuropathy development; pain management (duloxetine, pregabalin): 30-50% pain reduction but no disease modification; alpha-lipoic acid IV: nerve conduction velocity improvement at 3 weeks (SYDNEY 2 trial); SGLT2 inhibitors: emerging data on neuropathy protection

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Very large — no disease-modifying therapy approved; pain treatment is the only intervention most patients receive

Primary barrier

biological (pain modification) + practice (prevention gap)

Barrier detail: Prevention through glycaemic control is highly effective but prevention means tight glycaemic control for decades; pain treatment gives symptomatic relief only; opioid prescribing for DPN pain remains common despite guidelines against it; few patients are offered alpha-lipoic acid which has the strongest disease-modification signal

Last SoC change: 2023 — FDA approved TENS device (Quell 2.0) for DPN pain; 2022 DPNP guidance from ADA updated; duloxetine and pregabalin as first-line since 2004-2005; no paradigm change for 20 years

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0006626 · ORPHA: ORPHA:247815

Alterations

109 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
ABO ABO, alpha 1-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha 1-3-galactosyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	Ensembl Open Targets
ACSL1 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADCY5 adenylate cyclase 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKH ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APOE apolipoprotein E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARPP21 cAMP regulated phosphoprotein 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AUC(0-inf) of GSK1278863 (Part B)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Adverse Events	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
CACNA1A calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1B calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1C calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1D calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1E calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1F calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1G calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1H calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1I calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 I	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1S calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG5 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG6 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG7 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG8 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCND2 cyclin D2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD101 CD101 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDH7 cadherin 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDKAL1 CDKAL1 threonylcarbamoyladenosine tRNA methylthiotransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CEP68 centrosomal protein 68	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
COBLL1 cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTRB1 chymotrypsinogen B1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTRB2 chymotrypsinogen B2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Change from baseline Mean Pain Score	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in signs of DPN after intervention, at follow-up	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
DACH1 dachshund family transcription factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DGKB diacylglycerol kinase beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FTO FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLDN gliomedin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRB14 growth factor receptor bound protein 14	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA1 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA2 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA3 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA4 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GYPA glycophorin A (MNS blood group)	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HHIP hedgehog interacting protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HMGA2 high mobility group AT-hook 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGF2BP2 insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
INS insulin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JADE2 jade family PHD finger 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
JAZF1 JAZF zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCND3 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNJ11 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNQ1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KLHL42 kelch like family member 42	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Lag Time Before Observation of Drug Concentrations in Sampled Matrix (Tlag) (Part A)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
MC4R melanocortin 4 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Number of Participants With Abnormal Nurse/Physician Observation (Part A)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Values Outside the Clinical Concern Range (Part A)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
OPRM1 opioid receptor mu 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PAM peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PEAK1 pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PROX1 prospero homeobox 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Patients reported experience measure (PREM)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
RNF6 ring finger protein 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN10A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN11A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN1A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN2A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN3A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN4A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN5A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN7A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN8A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN9A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC12A8 solute carrier family 12 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC30A8 solute carrier family 30 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC39A8 solute carrier family 39 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A4 solute carrier family 6 member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ST6GAL1 ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF4 transcription factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TENT5C terminal nucleotidyltransferase 5C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TH tyrosine hydroxylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
THADA THADA armadillo repeat containing	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TLE1 TLE family member 1, transcriptional corepressor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRPS1 transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TRPV1 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBE2E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 E2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBE3C ubiquitin protein ligase E3C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
WFS1 wolframin ER transmembrane glycoprotein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZEB2 zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZFHX3 zinc finger homeobox 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZMIZ1 zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BENZOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £20–£50 / 28-60 tabs · US $30–$70 / 30-60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CINNARIZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Patient compliance with SSRIs and gabapentin in painful diabetic neuropathy (The Clinical journal of pain, 2007) Clinical trial publication The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CLEVIDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07405021 — Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain Intensity, Nerve Conduction Studies and Functional Outcomes in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients (RECRUITING) NA NCT02728687 — Topical Menthol +/- Mannitol for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07223268 — Comprehensive Assistance and Resources for Effective Diabetic Foot Navigation (RECRUITING) NA NCT02169167 — Comparison of Resin Salve and Octenidine in Patients With Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (COMPLETED) NA NCT06579716 — Whole-Body Vibration Versus Kineso Tape on Nerve Conduction in Patient With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT04154046 — Treatment of Impending Ulcers Associated With Hammer, Mallet and Claw Toe Deformities in the Diabetic Patient Setting (COMPLETED) NA NCT02107469 — A Study of Phyllanthus Niruri and Sida Cordifolia in Diabetic Peripheral Polyneuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT07078058 — Low Level Laser VS Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Vascular Changes in Patients With Diabetic Polyneuropathy (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILTIAZEM MALATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPALRESTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 11 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05184049 — Effects of Epalrestat on Peripheral Neuropathy and Central Nervous System in Diabetic Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06201611 — Evaluating a Nitric Oxide Generator, Nebivolol as a Disease Modifier in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06330233 — Different Amounts of Moxibustion in the Treatment of DPN: A Clinical RCT Study (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus monotherapy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (Neural regeneration research, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, in relation to suppression of N(ɛ)-carboxymethyl lysine (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2010) Clinical trial publication Stratified analyses for selecting appropriate target patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy for long-term treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2008) Clinical trial publication Erythrocyte sorbitol level as a predictor of the efficacy of epalrestat treatment for diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2006) Clinical trial publication Long-term clinical effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the 3-year, multicenter, comparative Aldose Reductase Inhibitor-Diabetes Complications Trial (Diabetes care, 2006) Clinical trial publication Aldose reductase inhibition alters nodal Na+ currents and nerve conduction in human diabetics (Neurology, 2006) Randomized controlled trial Fidarestat (SNK-860), a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, normalizes the elevated sorbitol accumulation in erythrocytes of diabetic patients (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2002) Randomized controlled trial Aldose reductase inhibition ameliorates pupillary light reflex and F-wave latency in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy (Diabetes care, 2001) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FELODIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GABAPENTIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 20 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 19 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00712439 — Safety and Efficacy of Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00644748 — A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT00634543 — A Study to Compare Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride/Acetaminophen With Gabapentin in Participants With Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00643760 — A Study In Patients With Neuropathic Pain From Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00619983 — Three Way Interaction Between Gabapentin, Duloxetine, and Donepezil in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT03202979 — Trazodone in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of gabapentinoid combination therapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain (Frontiers in physiology, 2026) Cochrane review Gabapentinoids and Neuropathic Pain: Evaluation of the Quality of Randomised Controlled Trials: An Umbrella Review (Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluating the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and gabapentin in managing diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (British journal of pain, 2025) Cochrane review Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain after Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review (Journal of clinical medicine, 2022) Cochrane review Comparison of efficacy and safety of gabapentin and duloxetine in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (International journal of clinical practice, 2021) Meta-analysis Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and safety of six antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy: a network meta-analysis (Pain physician, 2013) Meta-analysis Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia - an overview of Cochrane reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Systematic review Evidence-Based Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review (Current pain and headache reports, 2022) Systematic review Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Clinical trial publication Topical chamomile oil as a novel therapeutic intervention for diabetic neuropathy: A randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial (Explore (New York, N.Y.), 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GABAPENTIN ENACARBIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00712439 — Safety and Efficacy of Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00644748 — A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT00634543 — A Study to Compare Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride/Acetaminophen With Gabapentin in Participants With Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00643760 — A Study In Patients With Neuropathic Pain From Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00619983 — Three Way Interaction Between Gabapentin, Duloxetine, and Donepezil in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT03202979 — Trazodone in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
HESPERIDIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBUTILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISRADIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LECANEMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVAMLODIPINE MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVETIRACETAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICARDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIMODIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NISOLDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PREGABALIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA (USP) Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SAFINAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of diabetic neuropathy (Archives of internal medicine, 1987) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SULOCTIDIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERODILINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLRESTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	11 Trial pubs 10 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Frequency of median mononeuropathy in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy in the early diabetes intervention trial (EDIT). Tolrestat Study Group For Edit (Early Diabetes Intervention Trial) (Muscle & nerve, 1996) Clinical trial publication Nerve conduction measures in mild diabetic neuropathy in the Early Diabetes Intervention Trial: the effects of age, sex, type of diabetes, disease duration, and anthropometric factors. Tolrestat Study Group for the Early Diabetes Intervention Trial (Neurology, 1996) Clinical trial publication [Tolrestat in the therapy of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: is this drug really useful?] (La Clinica terapeutica, 1995) Clinical trial publication Effect of Tolrestat on oesophageal transit time and cholecystic motility in type 2 diabetic patients with asymptomatic diabetic neuropathy (Diabete & metabolisme, 1995) Clinical trial publication Tolrestat in the primary prevention of diabetic neuropathy (Diabetes care, 1995) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZICONOTIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZICONOTIDE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENFOTIAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPSAICIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEBRANOPADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONAPERMINOGENE SELTOPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEXILETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANIRESTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAPENTADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMITRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASTAXANTHIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICIFADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CBX-129801	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CNV2197944	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESMETRAMADOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILOREXANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GABAPENTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRC-17536	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDANTADOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEMANTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIROGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIROGABALIN BESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITRIC OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NYX-2925	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLODANRIGAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERZINFOTEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAZODONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL:CHEMBL401844 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FD6 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	DGIdb	—
NKY80 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RANIRESTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TECTORIGENIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THERAPEUTIC GROWTH FACTOR Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MANNITOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENTHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROUS OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPHENHYDRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULOXETINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIAPIXANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPALRESTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LETIBOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERAMPANEL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRENZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROGERININ	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZENARESTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Sources	Links
ACETAMINOPHEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENFOTIAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPSAICIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEBRANOPADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONAPERMINOGENE SELTOPLASMID	Gene therapy	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEXILETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RANIRESTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAPENTADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMADOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMITRIPTYLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30 tabs	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASTAXANTHIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICIFADINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CBX-129801	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CNV2197944	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESMETRAMADOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILOREXANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GABAPENTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRC-17536	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDANTADOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEMANTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIROGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIROGABALIN BESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEBIVOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITRIC OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NYX-2925	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLODANRIGAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERZINFOTEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAZODONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MANNITOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MENTHOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINAMIDE RIBOSIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROUS OXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPHENHYDRAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULOXETINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIAPIXANT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPALRESTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LETIBOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIRAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONABOTULINUMTOXINA	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERAMPANEL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRENZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROGERININ	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZENARESTAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADUCANUMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BENZOATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE MALEATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIXABAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £20–£50 / 28-60 tabs · US $30–$70 / 30-60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL Repurposing via CACNA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BEPRIDIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CHOLESTEROL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CINNARIZINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Patient compliance with SSRIs and gabapentin in painful diabetic neuropathy (The Clinical journal of pain, 2007) Clinical trial publication The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram relieves the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy (Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1992) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CLEVIDIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07405021 — Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain Intensity, Nerve Conduction Studies and Functional Outcomes in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients (RECRUITING) NA NCT02728687 — Topical Menthol +/- Mannitol for Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07223268 — Comprehensive Assistance and Resources for Effective Diabetic Foot Navigation (RECRUITING) NA NCT02169167 — Comparison of Resin Salve and Octenidine in Patients With Neuropathic Diabetic Foot Ulcers (COMPLETED) NA NCT06579716 — Whole-Body Vibration Versus Kineso Tape on Nerve Conduction in Patient With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT04154046 — Treatment of Impending Ulcers Associated With Hammer, Mallet and Claw Toe Deformities in the Diabetic Patient Setting (COMPLETED) NA NCT02107469 — A Study of Phyllanthus Niruri and Sida Cordifolia in Diabetic Peripheral Polyneuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT07078058 — Low Level Laser VS Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Vascular Changes in Patients With Diabetic Polyneuropathy (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILTIAZEM MALATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DONEPEZIL Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPALRESTAT Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 11 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05184049 — Effects of Epalrestat on Peripheral Neuropathy and Central Nervous System in Diabetic Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06201611 — Evaluating a Nitric Oxide Generator, Nebivolol as a Disease Modifier in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06330233 — Different Amounts of Moxibustion in the Treatment of DPN: A Clinical RCT Study (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus monotherapy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (Neural regeneration research, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes, in relation to suppression of N(ɛ)-carboxymethyl lysine (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2010) Clinical trial publication Stratified analyses for selecting appropriate target patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy for long-term treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor, epalrestat (Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2008) Clinical trial publication Erythrocyte sorbitol level as a predictor of the efficacy of epalrestat treatment for diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2006) Clinical trial publication Long-term clinical effects of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: the 3-year, multicenter, comparative Aldose Reductase Inhibitor-Diabetes Complications Trial (Diabetes care, 2006) Clinical trial publication Aldose reductase inhibition alters nodal Na+ currents and nerve conduction in human diabetics (Neurology, 2006) Randomized controlled trial Fidarestat (SNK-860), a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, normalizes the elevated sorbitol accumulation in erythrocytes of diabetic patients (Journal of diabetes and its complications, 2002) Randomized controlled trial Aldose reductase inhibition ameliorates pupillary light reflex and F-wave latency in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy (Diabetes care, 2001) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FELODIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GABAPENTIN Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials 20 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 27 Trial pubs 19 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00712439 — Safety and Efficacy of Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00644748 — A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT00634543 — A Study to Compare Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride/Acetaminophen With Gabapentin in Participants With Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00643760 — A Study In Patients With Neuropathic Pain From Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00619983 — Three Way Interaction Between Gabapentin, Duloxetine, and Donepezil in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT03202979 — Trazodone in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of gabapentinoid combination therapy versus monotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain (Frontiers in physiology, 2026) Cochrane review Gabapentinoids and Neuropathic Pain: Evaluation of the Quality of Randomised Controlled Trials: An Umbrella Review (Fundamental & clinical pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Evaluating the efficacy and safety of duloxetine and gabapentin in managing diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (British journal of pain, 2025) Cochrane review Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain after Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review (Journal of clinical medicine, 2022) Cochrane review Comparison of efficacy and safety of gabapentin and duloxetine in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (International journal of clinical practice, 2021) Meta-analysis Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2014) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy and safety of six antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy: a network meta-analysis (Pain physician, 2013) Meta-analysis Antiepileptic drugs for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia - an overview of Cochrane reviews (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2013) Meta-analysis Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011) Systematic review Evidence-Based Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: a Systematic Review (Current pain and headache reports, 2022) Systematic review Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017) Clinical trial publication Topical chamomile oil as a novel therapeutic intervention for diabetic neuropathy: A randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial (Explore (New York, N.Y.), 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GABAPENTIN ENACARBIL Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–100 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT00712439 — Safety and Efficacy of Gabapentin in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00644748 — A Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in the Treatment of Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT00634543 — A Study to Compare Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol Hydrochloride/Acetaminophen With Gabapentin in Participants With Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00643760 — A Study In Patients With Neuropathic Pain From Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00619983 — Three Way Interaction Between Gabapentin, Duloxetine, and Donepezil in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT03202979 — Trazodone in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
GALANTAMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GANCICLOVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
HESPERIDIN Repurposing via CACNA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBUTILIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRBESARTAN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISRADIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LECANEMAB Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVAMLODIPINE MALEATE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVETIRACETAM Repurposing via CACNA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORAZEPAM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LUTEIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICARDIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIMODIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NISOLDIPINE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PREGABALIN Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA (USP) Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
RITONAVIR Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIVASTIGMINE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SAFINAMIDE Repurposing via CACNA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of diabetic neuropathy (Archives of internal medicine, 1987) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SULOCTIDIL Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERODILINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLRESTAT Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	11 Trial pubs 10 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Frequency of median mononeuropathy in patients with mild diabetic neuropathy in the early diabetes intervention trial (EDIT). Tolrestat Study Group For Edit (Early Diabetes Intervention Trial) (Muscle & nerve, 1996) Clinical trial publication Nerve conduction measures in mild diabetic neuropathy in the Early Diabetes Intervention Trial: the effects of age, sex, type of diabetes, disease duration, and anthropometric factors. Tolrestat Study Group for the Early Diabetes Intervention Trial (Neurology, 1996) Clinical trial publication [Tolrestat in the therapy of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: is this drug really useful?] (La Clinica terapeutica, 1995) Clinical trial publication Effect of Tolrestat on oesophageal transit time and cholecystic motility in type 2 diabetic patients with asymptomatic diabetic neuropathy (Diabete & metabolisme, 1995) Clinical trial publication Tolrestat in the primary prevention of diabetic neuropathy (Diabetes care, 1995) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via APOE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via CACNA1C	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZICONOTIDE Repurposing via CACNA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZICONOTIDE ACETATE Repurposing via CACNA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL:CHEMBL401844 Repurposing via ADCY5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FD6 Repurposing via ADCY5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	DGIdb	—
NKY80 Repurposing via ADCY5	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RANIRESTAT Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TECTORIGENIN Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THERAPEUTIC GROWTH FACTOR Repurposing via AKR1B1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABO	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

94 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study LLLT improved the QL and hence may be a useful therapeutic option in tr… Human Study Vitamin D supplementations improve peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07139964 — High-Dose Vitamin D3 for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: Randomized Controlled Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05080530 — Vitamin D and Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07236723 — Vitamin D, Nerve Growth Factor and Nerve Conduction Studies in Adult Male Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy Patients (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NCT03813927 — Vitamin D Treatment of Diabetic Patients With Foot Ulcers (COMPLETED) NA NCT07644520 — Vitamin D in Diabetic Neuropathy (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04984044 — Effect of Vitamin D in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy to Alleviate Pain and Improvement of Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT02737423 — Vitamin D Treatment for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l… Human Study Impact of vitamin B6 deficiency on the severity of diabetic peripheral…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07139964 — High-Dose Vitamin D3 for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing: Randomized Controlled Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT04689958 — The Benefits of Vitamin D 5000 IU as Add on Therapy in the Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Patient (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05080530 — Vitamin D and Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07236723 — Vitamin D, Nerve Growth Factor and Nerve Conduction Studies in Adult Male Type 2 Diabetic Neuropathy Patients (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NCT03813927 — Vitamin D Treatment of Diabetic Patients With Foot Ulcers (COMPLETED) NA NCT07644520 — Vitamin D in Diabetic Neuropathy (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04984044 — Effect of Vitamin D in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy to Alleviate Pain and Improvement of Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT02737423 — Vitamin D Treatment for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin C Natural product Clinical trial publication Improving neuropathy scores in type 2 diabetic patients using micronutr… Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00634998 — Vitamin C Supplementation as a Preventive Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05281562 — Immunonutrition for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01350102 — The Relationship of Hemoglobin A1c and Diabetic Wound Healing (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT04315909 — The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Fibrin Glue in Combination With Vitamin E and C for Treatment of Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Improving neuropathy scores in type 2 diabetic patients using micronutrients supplementation (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Palmitoylethanolamide Natural product Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Supero… Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of palm…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 2 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT05766969 — Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Relief, 6 Weeks Dosage Sublingual Water-soluble CBD/PEA (UNKNOWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07377409 — Beneficial Effects of Supplementation With CRONILIEF™ (Palmitoylethanolamide Phospholipids) in Diabetic Subjects With Neuropathic Pain. (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT07028528 — Levagen+ Efficacy Study on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05984771 — Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Ten Elements for 6 Months in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy : A Pilot Study (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy (Nutrients, 2024) Clinical trial publication A randomized controlled trial assessing the safety and efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide for treating diabetic-related peripheral neuropathic pain (Inflammopharmacology, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Cochrane review Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B(12) complex and alpha-lipoic a… Cochrane review Effect of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the treatment of male inferti… Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus mo…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 26 Trial pubs 17 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06568185 — The Effect of Alpha Lipoid Acid and Vitamin B Preparation on Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT04322240 — Alpha Lipoic Acid and Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Effects on Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT04214665 — To Assess the Bioequivalence of Test Oral Formulation of Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg HR Film Coated Tablets of Ilko Ilac San. Ve Tic. A.S. Versus Reference Thioctacid (Alpha Lipoic Acid) 600 mg HR Film Coated Tablets of Meda Pharma GmbH& CO .KG, Germany. (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00977483 — Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Thioctic Acid in the Oral Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy (Stage 1 or 2) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06201611 — Evaluating a Nitric Oxide Generator, Nebivolol as a Disease Modifier in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05813496 — Phase IV Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Treating Symptomatic Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Egypt (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06131918 — Assessment of Antioxidant Therapy on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B(12) complex and alpha-lipoic acid as a treatment for diabetes mellitus/neuropathy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (BMJ open, 2022) Cochrane review Effect of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the treatment of male infertility: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2019) Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus monotherapy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (Neural regeneration research, 2018) Cochrane review Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008) Systematic review The time to develop treatments for diabetic neuropathy (Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2021) Clinical trial publication Combination therapy with pregabalin and thioctic acid offers safer pain control in diabetic neuropathy: a multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority trial (Brain communications, 2026) Clinical trial publication A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inhibition of ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in diabetic neuropathy patients on gabapentin or pregabalin (Journal of postgraduate medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy (Nutrients, 2024) Clinical trial publication Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of a combination of alpha-lipoic acid and pregabalin for neuropathic pain: the PAIN-CARE trial (Pain, 2024) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid oral supplementation in the reduction of pain with unknown etiology: A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021) Randomized controlled trial Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Carnitine for 12 Months in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy (Nutrients, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Carnitine Natural product Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l… Human Study N-acetylcysteine may alleviate painful symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.	Amino acid	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 6 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04145245 — A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of L-carnitine in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy to Relief Pain and Symptom Improvement (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Natural product Cochrane review Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B(12) complex and alpha-lipoic a… Cochrane review Effect of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the treatment of male inferti… Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus mo…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 26 Trial pubs 17 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06568185 — The Effect of Alpha Lipoid Acid and Vitamin B Preparation on Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT07509671 — The Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy With Diet (RECRUITING) NA NCT04322240 — Alpha Lipoic Acid and Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Effects on Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT04214665 — To Assess the Bioequivalence of Test Oral Formulation of Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg HR Film Coated Tablets of Ilko Ilac San. Ve Tic. A.S. Versus Reference Thioctacid (Alpha Lipoic Acid) 600 mg HR Film Coated Tablets of Meda Pharma GmbH& CO .KG, Germany. (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00977483 — Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Thioctic Acid in the Oral Treatment of Diabetic Polyneuropathy (Stage 1 or 2) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06201611 — Evaluating a Nitric Oxide Generator, Nebivolol as a Disease Modifier in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy. (RECRUITING) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05813496 — Phase IV Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Treating Symptomatic Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Egypt (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT06131918 — Assessment of Antioxidant Therapy on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Exploring the effectiveness of vitamin B(12) complex and alpha-lipoic acid as a treatment for diabetes mellitus/neuropathy: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (BMJ open, 2022) Cochrane review Effect of oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the treatment of male infertility: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis (Medicine, 2019) Cochrane review Efficacy of epalrestat plus α-lipoic acid combination therapy versus monotherapy in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a meta-analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials (Neural regeneration research, 2018) Cochrane review Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2008) Systematic review The time to develop treatments for diabetic neuropathy (Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 2021) Clinical trial publication Combination therapy with pregabalin and thioctic acid offers safer pain control in diabetic neuropathy: a multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority trial (Brain communications, 2026) Clinical trial publication A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on inhibition of ADP-and collagen-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo in diabetic neuropathy patients on gabapentin or pregabalin (Journal of postgraduate medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Palmitoylethanolamide, Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamins B12, B1, B6, E, Mg, Zn and Nicotinamide for 6 Months in People with Diabetic Neuropathy (Nutrients, 2024) Clinical trial publication Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of a combination of alpha-lipoic acid and pregabalin for neuropathic pain: the PAIN-CARE trial (Pain, 2024) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid oral supplementation in the reduction of pain with unknown etiology: A monocentric, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021) Randomized controlled trial Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Superoxide Dismutase, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Carnitine for 12 Months in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy (Nutrients, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
L-Arginine Natural product Possible erythropoietin pharmacotherapeutic targets on painful diabetic… Glucose-activated self-cascade antibacterial and pro-angiogenesis nanoz… Atorvastatin prevents the development of diabetic neuropathic nocicepti…	Amino acid	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05281562 — Immunonutrition for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT03679273 — Nutritional Supplement on Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00902616 — Effect of Arginine on Microcirculation in Patients With Diabetes (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
L-Carnitine Natural product Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l… Human Study N-acetylcysteine may alleviate painful symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.	Amino acid	Phase II	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 6 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04145245 — A Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of L-carnitine in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy to Relief Pain and Symptom Improvement (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Sulbutiamine Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Vitamin B12 Natural product Meta-analysis Acupoint injection increases the efficacy of vitamin B12 for diabetic n… Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of Mecobalamin on Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systemat… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Meta-analysis 9 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT06568185 — The Effect of Alpha Lipoid Acid and Vitamin B Preparation on Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT01247558 — Administrative Claims Analysis of Metanx® in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NCT01263132 — Neuropathic Pain Management (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00933998 — Restoration of Cutaneous Sensorum in Patients With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) Via Metanx® (COMPLETED) NA NCT01953757 — A Nutritional Intervention for Diabetic Neuropathy (WCCR-DN2) (COMPLETED) NA NCT06400888 — Needle-Free Subcutaneous Injector and Conventional Intramuscular Injection of Mecobalamin in Diabetes Peripheral Neuropathy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04706377 — Vitamin B12 Supplementation in Diabetic Neuropathy (COMPLETED) NA NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Acupoint injection increases the efficacy of vitamin B12 for diabetic neuropathy: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2026) Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of Mecobalamin on Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Clinical trial publication Improving neuropathy scores in type 2 diabetic patients using micronutr… Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00634998 — Vitamin C Supplementation as a Preventive Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05281562 — Immunonutrition for Diabetic Foot Ulcers (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01350102 — The Relationship of Hemoglobin A1c and Diabetic Wound Healing (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT04315909 — The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Fibrin Glue in Combination With Vitamin E and C for Treatment of Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Improving neuropathy scores in type 2 diabetic patients using micronutrients supplementation (Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Human Study LLLT improved the QL and hence may be a useful therapeutic option in tr… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05813496 — Phase IV Trial to Evaluate Efficacy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Treating Symptomatic Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Egypt (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
N-Acetylcysteine Natural product Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine for the Management of Chronic P… Human Study N-acetylcysteine may alleviate painful symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.	Amino acid	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT04766450 — Effect of High-Dose NAC on Patients With DPN (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT01082445 — Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Diabetic Foot Oxygenation (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00463671 — Hyperbaric Oxygen, Oxidative Stress, NO Bioavailability and Tissue Oxygenation (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine for the Management of Chronic Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Human Study Vitamin-E was found to be effective in reducing pain score in diabetic… Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa… Human Study Alpha lipoic has significant therapeutic value in the treatment of diab…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Cochrane 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04315909 — The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Fibrin Glue in Combination With Vitamin E and C for Treatment of Non-healing Diabetic Foot Ulcers (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT01973400 — Neuroprotection by Tocotrienols in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01173315 — The Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Supplementation on Neuropathy and Nephropathy Complications (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05984771 — Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Ten Elements for 6 Months in Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy : A Pilot Study (COMPLETED) NA NCT02883751 — Phototherapy in DM Amputation Ulcers. (WITHDRAWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ginger Natural product Animal Study Ginger extracts and its compound, 6-shogaol could reduce pain symptoms…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Lycopene Natural product Animal Study The effects of lycopene on alloxan induced diabetic optic neuropathy.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Black Seed Oil Natural product	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Berberine Natural product Animal Study Ameliorative effect of berberine on neonatally induced type 2 diabetic… Animal Study Berberine ameliorates the neurological dysfunction of the gastric fundu… Animal Study Berberine has a beneficial effect against diabetic neuropathy by improv…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	10 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Randomized controlled trial The effectiveness and safety of nanocurcumin supplementation for diabet… Meta Analysis Curcumin may provide great potential effects against diabetic kidney di… Animal Study Curcumin has been demonstrated to effectively prevent or ameliorate dia…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 RCT View evidence Published literature Randomized controlled trial The effectiveness and safety of nanocurcumin supplementation for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind clinical trial (Nutrition journal, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Resveratrol Natural product Human Study Effect of modified laser transcutaneous irradiation on pain and quality… Animal Study Polyphenols can be promising in combating diabetic neuropathy-associate… Animal Study Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in exp…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Niacin Natural product Human Study Impact of vitamin B6 deficiency on the severity of diabetic peripheral… Meta Analysis Reduced serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 were found in Chinese pa… Human Study Efficacy and safety of the combination of superoxide dismutase, alpha l…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Quercetin Natural product Animal Study Polyphenols can be promising in combating diabetic neuropathy-associate… In Vitro Study Combination of quercetin, cinnamaldehyde and hirudin protects rat dorsa…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Chamomile Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Egcg Natural product Human Study Green tea extract intake may have a beneficial value in treatment of di…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Grape Seed Extract Natural product Animal Study Grape seed extract has a therapeutic effect on oxidation-associated ner…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Gymnema Natural product Animal Study Gymnema sylvestre extract application may be useful for the treatment o…	Ayurvedic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Moringa Natural product Animal Study Moringa oleifera has neuroprotective effects in diabetic neuropathic pa…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Black Seed Oil Natural product Animal Study Nigella sativa and thymoquinone could be a potential treatment against…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Fenugreek Natural product Animal Study Protection of trigonelline on experimental diabetic peripheral neuropat…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Saffron Natural product Animal Study Saffron extract may have a protective effect against diabetic neuropath…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Spirulina Natural product Animal Study Spirulina platensis could have a potential therapeutic role for managin…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Feverfew Natural product Animal Study St. John's Wort and feverfew extracts may become new therapeutic p…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Cannabidiol Natural product Animal Study Cannabidiol attenuates mechanical allodynia in streptozotocin-induced d…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Ginkgo Biloba Natural product Animal Study Ginkgolide B can alleviate spinal cord glymphatic system dysfunction an…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Licorice Natural product Animal Study Liquiritin ameliorates painful diabetic neuropathy.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Nifedipine Natural product Significant polar vasculosis in a patient with a 30-year history of typ… Retrospective Study on the Analgesic Activity of a Topical (TT-CTAC) Cr… Diabetic neuropathy after pancreas transplantation: determinants of rec…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nitrendipine Natural product Blood pressure disturbance in diabetes mellitus	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
(5R)-5-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Calcimycin Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Verapamil Natural product Novel Dual 5-HT(7) Antagonists and Sodium Channel Inhibitors as Potenti… Verapamil Attenuated Prediabetic Neuropathy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice t…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
2-methyl-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl]chroman-6-ol Natural product In Vitro Study Inhibitory effect of vanillic acid on methylglyoxal-mediated glycation… Review Methylcobalamin the activated form of vitamin B-12 is a potential pain…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Naringenin Natural product Animal Study Analysis showed that naringenin corrected the altered sciatic changes i… Animal Study Naringenin ameliorates diabetic neuropathic pain by modulation of oxida… Animal Study Naringin attenuates the diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced type 2 diabe…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Nigella Sativa (Aka Black Seed) Natural product Human Study Topical Nigella sativa L. product: a new candidate for the management o… Animal Study E. sativa might be beneficial in chronic diabetes in ameliorating the p… Animal Study Nigella sativa and thymoquinone could be a potential treatment against…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Chrysin Natural product Animal Study Antinociceptive effect of chrysin in diabetic neuropathy and formalin-i… Animal Study Chrysin loaded nanovesicles ameliorated diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Animal Study Chrysin-loaded PEGylated liposomes protect against alloxan-induced diab…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Flavonoids Natural product Animal Study Exploring the analgesic potential of isorhamnetin: insights from formal… Animal Study Liquiritin ameliorates painful diabetic neuropathy. Review Flavonoids regulating NLRP3 inflammasome: a promising approach in allev…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bitter Apple Natural product Human Study Application of a topical formulation of C. colocynthis fruit extract ca… Animal Study Effects of Citrullus colocynthis L. in a rat model of diabetic neuropat…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Diosmin Natural product Animal Study Diosmin and hesperidin have a protective effect in diabetic neuropathy. Animal Study Protective effect of diosmin against diabetic neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Hesperidin Natural product Animal Study Diosmin and hesperidin have a protective effect in diabetic neuropathy. Animal Study Hesperidin inhibits NOX4 mediated oxidative stress and inflammation by…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Kaempferol Natural product Animal Study E. sativa might be beneficial in chronic diabetes in ameliorating the p… Animal Study Polyphenols can be promising in combating diabetic neuropathy-associate…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Fig Natural product Animal Study Ficus racemosa exhibits protective effects by reducing complications of… Animal Study Neuroprotective effects of Ficus carica seed oil in diabetic neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Tanshinone Iia Natural product Animal Study Tanshinone IIA could be a promising agent for painful diabetic neuropat… Animal Study This study demonstrates that tanshinone IIA alleviates neuropathic pain.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Paeoniflorin Natural product In Vitro Study Paeoniflorin effect of schwann cell-derived exosomes ameliorates dorsal… In Vitro Study Paeoniflorin upregulates mitochondrial thioredoxin of schwann cells to…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Eucalyptus Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Geranium Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lavender: Essential Oil Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Rosemary: Essential Oil Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of… Animal Study Neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects of rosemary extract in rats…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Gotu Kola Natural product Human Study Centella asiatica triterpenes are beneficial for diabetic neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Combretum Fragrans Natural product Animal Study Antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective effects of Combretin A and Com…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Arctigenin Natural product Animal Study Arctigenin improves neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
B-Complex Natural product Animal Study B vitamins alleviate indices of neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Biochanin a Natural product Animal Study Biochanin-A attenuates neuropathic pain in diabetic rats.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Pumpkin Natural product Animal Study C. pepo might ameliorate the progression of diabetic neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Deguelin Natural product Animal Study Deguelin ameliorates diabetic neuropathy by decreasing oxidative stress…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Arugula Natural product Animal Study E. sativa might be beneficial in chronic diabetes in ameliorating the p…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Horse Chestnut Natural product Animal Study Escin alleviates peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabet…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Eugenol Natural product Animal Study Eugenol and isoeugenol significantly affected behavioral function in tr…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Formononetin Natural product Animal Study Formononetin ameliorates diabetic neuropathy.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Gambogic Acid Natural product Animal Study Gambogic acid mitigates nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Gastrodin Natural product Animal Study Gastrodin inhibits allodynia and hyperalgesia in painful diabetic neuro…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
6-Shogaol Natural product Animal Study Ginger extracts and its compound, 6-shogaol could reduce pain symptoms…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lion's Mane (Hericium Erinaceus) Natural product Animal Study Hericium erinaceus treatment along with the antioxidant activity could…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Thymol Natural product Animal Study Isolation of thymol from Trachyspermum ammi fruits for treatment of dia…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Isoliquiritigenin Natural product Animal Study Isoliquiritigenin reduces oxidative damage and alleviates mitochondrial…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Walnut Natural product Animal Study Juglans regia leaf extract exert preventive and curative effects agains…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Banana Peel Natural product Animal Study Musa acuminata possess antidiabetic potential by reducing plasma glucos… In Vitro Study Kiwi fruit peel extracts might contribute to the prevention of the deve…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Nettle Natural product Animal Study Nettle showed results comparable to rosiglitazone in reversing the long…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Rosemary Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy massage was beneficial for neuropathic pain and quality of… Animal Study Neuroprotective and antinociceptive effects of rosemary extract in rats…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Syringic Acid Natural product Animal Study Neuroprotective effect of syringic acid by modulation of oxidative stre…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Sophora Flavescens Natural product Animal Study Oxymatrine alleviates symptoms in high-fat diet and STZ-induced SD rats…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.