Colorectal Cancer — RepurpOS | OpenSourceMedicine

Disease overview

Alterations

190

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Direct drugs

744

Via biomarker

471

Natural agents

Natural products

101

Merged ranked

1212

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-07-05

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Essentially zero; 5-year survival stage I: ~90% (resectable); stage IV: ~15% overall, ~20-30% with modern therapy and liver metastasis resection

Best-intervention remission

Stage I-III with surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy: 60-80% 5-year survival; MSI-H/dMMR CRC: pembrolizumab first-line achieves ~55% 5-year PFS vs ~16% with chemotherapy (KEYNOTE-177); complete tumour regression with neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer (watch-and-wait): 15-30% complete pathological response allowing organ preservation

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large screening gap: only 60-68% of US adults up-to-date with CRC screening; large treatment gap for MSI-H biomarker testing

Primary barrier

access/practice

Barrier detail: Colonoscopy screening is dramatically underused despite proven 60-70% mortality reduction; stool-based tests (FIT, Cologuard) improving uptake but sensitivity/specificity inferior; biomarker testing for MSI/MMR status still not universal; palliative colostomy vs sphincter-preserving approaches vary widely by provider

Last SoC change: 2023 — pembrolizumab first-line for MSI-H/dMMR mCRC standard of care (KEYNOTE-177); LONSURF (trifluridine/tipiracil) and fruquintinib for refractory disease; bevacizumab + FOLFOX/FOLFIRI backbone since 2004 essentially unchanged; EGFR inhibitors (cetuximab) in RAS wild-type since 2012

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005575 · ORPHA: ORPHA:157794

Alterations

190 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
Abdominal pain	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal abdominal wall morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal circulating creatine concentration	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal peritoneum morphology	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal pyramidal sign	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Abnormal speech pattern	Functional	Functional	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Adenoma sebaceum	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Adenomatous colonic polyposis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Amaurosis fugax	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Anal canal squamous carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Anxiety	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ascites	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Atypical behavior	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Basal cell carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Benign gastrointestinal tract tumors	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Benign genitourinary tract neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Benign neoplasm of the central nervous system	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Breast carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Cardiac diverticulum	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Colon cancer	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Colonic diverticula	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Constipation	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Depression	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Developmental regression	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Disturbed sensory perception	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Duodenal adenocarcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Dysarthria	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Dysgraphia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Dyskinesia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Endometrial carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Fatigue	Functional	Functional test	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Flexion contracture	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Gait disturbance	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Glioblastoma multiforme	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hallucinations	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hemiplegia/hemiparesis	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hepatocellular carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hernia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hypertonia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Hypotonia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Increased intracranial pressure	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Inflammation of the large intestine	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Intestinal obstruction	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Irritability	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Laryngeal carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Lymphadenopathy	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Malabsorption	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Malignant genitourinary tract tumor	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Memory impairment	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Migraine	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Nausea and vomiting	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the breast	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the colon	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the pancreas	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the rectum	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the skeletal system	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the stomach	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neoplasm of the thyroid gland	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Neuroblastoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Ovarian neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Paresthesia	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Pituitary adenoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Renal cell carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Renal neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Respiratory insufficiency	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Sebaceous gland carcinoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Seizure	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Stomach cancer	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Urinary tract neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Uterine leiomyosarcoma	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Uterine neoplasm	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Visual field defect	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Visual impairment	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
Weight loss	Pathology	Pathological finding	—	—	Moderate	HPO, Monarch	HPO
ABL1 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ACVR2A activin A receptor type 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKT1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AMER1 APC membrane recruitment protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
APC APC regulator of Wnt signaling pathway	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AR androgen receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARID1A AT-rich interaction domain 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATM ATM serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AXIN2 axin 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BAX BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCL9L BCL9 like	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCOR BCL6 corepressor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCORL1 BCL6 corepressor like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BLM BLM RecQ like helicase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRAF B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA1 BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BRCA2 BRCA2 DNA repair associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
C11orf65 chromosome 11 open reading frame 65	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCND1 cyclin D1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCND2 cyclin D2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCNE1 cyclin E1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHEK2 checkpoint kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CREBBP CREB binding lysine acetyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTNNA1 catenin alpha 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTNNB1 catenin beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Compliance With Annual Anal HPV DNA Screening	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
DDR2 discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Disease Control Rate (DCR)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Duration of response	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EP300 EP300 lysine acetyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPCAM epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPHA2 EPH receptor A2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB2 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERBB3 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FAT4 FAT atypical cadherin 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FBXO11 F-box protein 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR1 fibroblast growth factor receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR2 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR3 fibroblast growth factor receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGFR4 fibroblast growth factor receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLCN folliculin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT1 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT4 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FRK fyn related Src family tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GNAS GNAS complex locus	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Hand Function Assessment (Duruöz Hand Index)	Scales & PROs	Clinical scale	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
KDR kinase insert domain receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KIT KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KMT2D lysine methyltransferase 2D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KRAS KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAF MAF bZIP transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAPK11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MLH1 mutL homolog 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MLH3 mutL homolog 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MPRIP myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MSH2 mutS homolog 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MSH6 mutS homolog 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MUTYH mutY DNA glycosylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NCOR2 nuclear receptor corepressor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NF1 neurofibromin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRAS NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NTHL1 nth like DNA glycosylase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NTRK1 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Objective Response Rate (ORR)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Overall Response Rate	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Overall survival	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Overall toxicity rate	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
PALB2 partner and localizer of BRCA2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCBP1 poly(rC) binding protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDGFRA platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDGFRB platelet derived growth factor receptor beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PGF placental growth factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PMS2 PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POLD1 DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
POLE DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARG peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
RAD51D RAD51 paralog D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RAF1 Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RBM10 RNA binding motif protein 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RET ret proto-oncogene	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RNF43 ring finger protein 43	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SMAD2 SMAD family member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SMAD3 SMAD family member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SMAD4 SMAD family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SMAD7 SMAD family member 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SOX9 SRY-box transcription factor 9	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TBX3 T-box transcription factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF7L2 transcription factor 7 like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TEK TEK receptor tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TET2 tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TGFBR2 transforming growth factor beta receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TOP1 DNA topoisomerase I	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TP53 tumor protein p53	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TYMP thymidine phosphorylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TYMS thymidylate synthetase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Time to progression	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
USP6 ubiquitin specific peptidase 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
WRN WRN RecQ like helicase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	Emerging	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
safety	Lab / Clinical	Lab value	—	—	Emerging	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
CIPROFLOXACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	4 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02682485 — Serial Endoscopic Surveillance & Direct Topical Antibiotics to Define the Role of Microbes in Anastomotic Healing (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00332163 — Skin Toxicity Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients Receiving Panitumumab + Irinotecan-based Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04003181 — The Pathogenesis of Chronic Diarrhoea After Treatment for Cancer in Cecum and the Ascending Colon (COMPLETED) NA NCT06728072 — Addition of Antibiotics to Upfront Treatment Regimen for Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00473980 — Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02958566 — Multimodal Narcotic Limited Perioperative Pain Control With Colorectal Surgery (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06837831 — Mepilex Lite Dressings for the Treatment of Acute Radiation Dermatitis of Anal Canal Skin (RECRUITING) NA NCT00002796 — Phase I-II Study of Fluorouracil in Combination With Phenylbutyrate in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05782608 — IV Ibuprofen vs Ketorolac in Post Operative Pain in Colorectal Cancer Surgeries in Obese Patient (COMPLETED) NA NCT01719926 — Phase I Platinum Based Chemotherapy Plus Indomethacin (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in colorectal cancer related to tumor tissue PGE2 (International journal of oncology, 2010) Clinical trial publication Preoperative treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) increases tumor tissue infiltration of seemingly activated immune cells in colorectal cancer (Cancer immunity, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00337545 — Phase II Trial of RAD001 in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00409994 — Safety Study of Rapamycin Administered Before and During Radiotherapy to Treat Rectum Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01637194 — Cetuximab and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Colon Cancer or Head and Neck Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06950385 — Phase 3 Trial of eRapa in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01387880 — Irinotecan, Cetuximab and Everolimus to Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00597506 — Expanded Cohort for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Using Bevacizumab + Everolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication A Phase 1 clinical study of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02740985 — A Phase 1 Clinical Study of AZD4635 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03170960 — Study of Cabozantinib Alone or in Combination With Atezolizumab to Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACYCLOVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ARGIPRESSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 11 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT03841110 — FT500 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05118724 — Atezolizumab in Patients With MSI-h/MMR-D Stage II High Risk and Stage III Colorectal Cancer Ineligible for Oxaliplatin (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06555133 — Y-90, Capecitabine, and Atezolizumab for Oligometastatic CRC (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03256344 — Study of Talimogene Laherparepvec With Atezolizumab for Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastases (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02992912 — Atezolizumab With Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Tumours (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02291289 — A Study of Biomarker-Driven Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05944237 — HTL0039732 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumours (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of first-line targeted and immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first- and second-line immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2024) Cochrane review First line therapy in stage IV BRAF mutated colorectal cancer (Heliyon, 2024) Cochrane review A network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety for first-line and maintenance therapies in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy of later-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer: a network meta-analysis of survival curves (Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in MSI-like metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, phase II, open-label clinical trial (ESMO open, 2025) Clinical trial publication Zanzalintinib plus atezolizumab versus regorafenib in refractory colorectal cancer (STELLAR-303): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial (Lancet (London, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Liver metastases do not predict resistance to the addition of atezolizumab to first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in proficient MMR metastatic colorectal cancer: a secondary analysis of the AtezoTRIBE study (ESMO open, 2025) Clinical trial publication Upfront Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan Plus Bevacizumab With or Without Atezolizumab for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated and Overall Survival Results of the ATEZOTRIBE Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma (Cancer research communications, 2024) Randomized controlled trial An Immune-Related Gene Expression Signature Predicts Benefit from Adding Atezolizumab to FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BINIMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 19 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06207656 — Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cetuximab in Combination with Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib As Induction Treatment in BRAF V600E Mutated MSS Initially Resectable or Potentially Resectable Advanced Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03947385 — Study of IDE196 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring GNAQ/11 Mutations or PRKC Fusions (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03374254 — Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Binimetinib Alone or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy With or Without Binimetinib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Participants (MK-3475-651/KEYNOTE-651) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04870034 — Binimetinib and Palbociclib Before Surgery for the Treatment of Operable KRAS-Positive Lung, Colorectal, or Pancreatic Cancer (WITHDRAWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06229340 — Leflunomide or Combination of MEK Inhibitor and Hydroxychloroquine for Refractory Patients With RAS Mutations (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00959127 — A Study of ARRY-438162 (MEK162) in Patients With Advanced Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01562899 — A Study of MEK162 and AMG 479 in Patients With Selected Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02613650 — A Trial of mFOLFIRI With MEK162 in Patients With Advanced RAS (HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS) Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and Efficacy of Triple Therapy Containing Encorafenib, Cetuximab, and Binimetinib for BRAF V600E-Mutated Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Systematic review Systematic review of randomised clinical trials and observational studies for patients with RAS wild-type or BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic and/or unresectable colorectal cancer (Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of lapatinib, binimetinib, and vinorelbine for RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the RASTRIC Phase I/II trial (British journal of cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication A Phase Ia/b study of MEK1/2 inhibitor binimetinib with MET inhibitor crizotinib in patients with RAS mutant advanced colorectal cancer (MErCuRIC) (BMC cancer, 2025) Clinical trial publication Molecular profiling of BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase 3 BEACON CRC trial (Nature medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication A Phase II Study of Potentiation of Pembrolizumab with Binimetinib and Bevacizumab in Refractory Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2024) Clinical trial publication Pembrolizumab Plus Binimetinib With or Without Chemotherapy for MSS/pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Outcomes From KEYNOTE-651 Cohorts A, C, and E (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Binimetinib in combination with nivolumab or nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with previously treated microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS mutations in an open-label phase 1b/2 study (BMC cancer, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Quality of life with encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib treatment in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: patient-reported outcomes from BEACON CRC (ESMO open, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab as a New Standard of Care for Previously Treated BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated Survival Results and Subgroup Analyses from the BEACON Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOLATE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLINATUMOMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BORTEZOMIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB MONOHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSULFAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BUTAMBEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIFEDIOL ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIPOTRIENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCITRIOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAMPTOTHECIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANRENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPECITABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBAMAZEPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARFILZOMIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
CEFONICID SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CELECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 20 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00608595 — Celecoxib in Treating Patients With Early-Stage Rectal Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00043043 — Celecoxib in Preventing Cancer in Patients With Rectal Polyps or Colorectal Neoplasia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00001693 — Phase I-II Multiple-Dose Safety and Efficacy Study of a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase - 2 (SC-58635) in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) Patients and Carriers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03926338 — Neoadjuvant Toripalimab With or Without Celecoxib in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00473980 — Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03026140 — Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Novel IO Combinations in Early-stage Colon Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05933980 — Toripalimab,Celecoxib and Regorafenib in the Treatment of Refractory Advanced Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00064181 — Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Celecoxib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Review of Network Meta-Analyses on the Efficacy of Chemopreventive Agents on Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer (Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center, 2025) Cochrane review Protective Effects of Long-Term Usage of Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer in Genetically Predisposed Individuals and Their Overall Effect on Prognosis: A Systematic Review (Cureus, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials (BMC cancer, 2017) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety profile of celecoxib for treating advanced cancers: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized clinical trials (Clinical therapeutics, 2014) Cochrane review Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2010) Meta-analysis Selective COX-2 inhibitors do not increase gastrointestinal reactions after colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC gastroenterology, 2023) Meta-analysis The efficacy of chemopreventive agents on the incidence of colorectal adenomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Preventive medicine, 2022) Meta-analysis Very-low-dose aspirin and surveillance colonoscopy is cost-effective in secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with advanced adenomas: network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis (BMC gastroenterology, 2021) Systematic review Chemoprevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Protective effect of celecoxib against capecitabine induced hand and foot syndrome in patients with colorectal Cancer (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Improved Survival With Adjuvant Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibition in PIK3CA-Activated Stage III Colon Cancer: CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance) (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Celecoxib as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled clinical study (Saudi medical journal, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CERIVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORMADINONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTRIANISENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLOROXINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CICLESONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CISPLATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CLASCOTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOCORTOLONE PIVALATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOFARABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTRIMAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CODEINE ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
COLCHICINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CRIZOTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CROMOLYN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £10–£20 / inhaler or amps · US $15–$30 / supply	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLANDELATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CYPROTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DABRAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DACARBAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DACTINOMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DANAZOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAROLUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DAUNORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAUNORUBICIN LIPOSOMAL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DECITABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT07007767 — Exploring Sintilimab + Bevacizumab + Decitabine for Advanced pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer (After 2+ Prior Therapies） (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00879385 — KRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02649790 — Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of KPT-8602 in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Cancer Indications (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02316028 — Phase I:Decitabine by Hepatic Arterial Infusion(HAI) in Unresectable Liver Metastases Colorectal Cancer (CRC) (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01882660 — Pre-operative Decitabine in Colon Cancer: a Proof of Principle Study (TERMINATED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication A phase I/II study of decitabine in combination with panitumumab in patients with wild-type (wt) KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DEFERASIROX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEFLAZACORT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESERPIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESLANOSIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOGESTREL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOXIMETASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIBOTERMIN ALFA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIDANOSINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLORASONE DIACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIFLUPREDNATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIGITOXIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIGOXIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIPHENOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DISULFIRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
DOFETILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
DROMOSTANOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DROSPIRENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DURVALUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DUTASTERIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DYDROGESTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ECONAZOLE NITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVIRENZ Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EFLORNITHINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00118365 — Eflornithine and Sulindac in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colon Polyps (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00983580 — Acetylsalicylic Acid and Eflornithine in Treating Patients at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00033371 — Celecoxib With or Without Eflornithine in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01483144 — Trial of Eflornithine Plus Sulindac in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01245816 — A Trial of Low Dose Sulindac Combined With Eflornithine in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT01349881 — S0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT05500508 — Oral AMXT 1501 Dicaprate in Combination With IV DFMO (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Systematic review Eflornithine for chemoprevention in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of eflornithine (CPP-1X)/sulindac combination therapy versus each as monotherapy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): design and rationale of a randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial (BMC gastroenterology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ENTRECTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ENZALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02740985 — A Phase 1 Clinical Study of AZD4635 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03811652 — A Multiple Ascending Dose Study of MEDI7247 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03685591 — PF-06952229 Treatment in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT07277270 — A Study of GSK5764227 in Combination With Standard of Care (SoC) or Other Agents in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT05551117 — A Study of Vobramitamab Duocarmazine in Participants With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer and Other Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT03170960 — Study of Cabozantinib Alone or in Combination With Atezolizumab to Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT07620574 — Long-Term Extension Study for Participants Previously Enrolled in an Exelixis-Sponsored Study (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT05057013 — A Phase I/IIa Trial of HMBD-001 in Advanced HER3 Positive Solid Tumours (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERLOTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 23 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00459901 — Study of the Antitumor Activity of Capecitabine in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00049101 — Erlotinib and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00940316 — Dual Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition With Erlotinib and Panitumumab With or Without Chemotherapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00642746 — Erlotinib and Chemotherapy for 2nd Line Treatment (Tx) of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00397384 — Erlotinib Hydrochloride and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00118261 — Erlotinib, Modified FOLFOX6, and Bevacizumab as First-Line Therapy Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03086538 — Pemetrexed Plus Tarceva as Salvage Treatment in EGFR Overexpressed Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Were Failed After Standard Chemotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00032110 — Erlotinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Second-line systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis based on RCT (PloS one, 2024) Cochrane review Bevacizumab and erlotinib versus bevacizumab for colorectal cancer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2019) Cochrane review Survival Benefit and Safety of Bevacizumab in Combination with Erlotinib as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical drug investigation, 2017) Cochrane review Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation (EGFR) Testing for Prediction of Response to EGFR-Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Drugs in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Evidence-Based Analysis (Ontario health technology assessment series, 2010) Systematic review Maintenance strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review (Cancer treatment reviews, 2016) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication A Phase Ib/II Trial of Combined BRAF and EGFR Inhibition in BRAF V600E Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Other Cancers: The EVICT (Erlotinib and Vemurafenib In Combination Trial) Study (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2023) Clinical trial publication Pemetrexed/Erlotinib as a Salvage Treatment in Patients with High EGFR-Expressing Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Following Failure of Standard Chemotherapy: A Phase II Single-Arm Prospective Study (Targeted oncology, 2020) Clinical trial publication A Phase II Study Alternating Erlotinib With Second-line mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Anticancer research, 2019) Clinical trial publication A phase II clinical study of combining FOLFIRI and bevacizumab plus erlotinib in 2nd-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (Medicine, 2017) Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of capecitabine plus erlotinib versus capecitabine alone in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Future oncology (London, England), 2017) Randomized controlled trial A randomized study of KRAS-guided maintenance therapy with bevacizumab, erlotinib or metronomic capecitabine after first-line induction treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the Nordic ACT2 trial (Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ERYTHROMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL 3-BENZOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL CYPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRAMUSTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRAMUSTINE PHOSPHATE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRIOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHACRYNIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHYLESTRENOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETONOGESTREL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETOPOSIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXEMESTANE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXIFONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENTANYL CITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FEPRAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINASTERIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUCYTOSINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUDARABINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUDROCORTISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £6–£10 / 30 tabs (0.1mg) · US $6 / 30 tabs (0.1mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUNISOLIDE ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOROMETHOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOROURACIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXYMESTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUPREDNISOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURANDRENOLIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUSPIRILENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FULVESTRANT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GEFITINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GENTIAN VIOLET CATION Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GESTODENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GRISEOFULVIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOBETASOL PROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPROGIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HEXACHLOROPHENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE PROBUTATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM SUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYUREA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBRUTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBUPROFEN, SODIUM SALT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Very low cost OTC/prescription · US Very low cost	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IDARUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDEBENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDINAVIR SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
INTERFERON ALFA-2B Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IOPAMIDOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IPILIMUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROPYL UNOPROSTONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOTRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LACTATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEUPROLIDE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVODOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LIOTHYRONINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07555678 — Chemoradiotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Anal Squamous Cell Cancer：Chase (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00003799 — Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Surgery in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04695184 — Subjective Near-infrared Fluorescence Guidance in Perfusion Assessment of Ileal Pouch Formation and Ileal-pouch-anal Anastomosis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05957016 — Neoadjuvant CIETAI With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Local Advanced Rectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00023751 — Surgery With or Without Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in TreatingPatients With Stage I Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02140723 — p53 and Response to Preoperative Radiotherapy for T2 and T3 (UNKNOWN) NCT02439008 — Early Biomarkers of Tumor Response in High Dose Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Word Package 3 : Immune Response (TERMINATED) NA NCT01653301 — Preoperative Downstaging of Extraperitoneal T3 Rectal Cancer: XELOXRT Versus XELACRT. A Multicenter, Phase III Study (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOPERAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORACARBEF Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORATADINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£2 / 30 tabs · US $3–$6 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
LOTEPREDNOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LOVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LULICONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAPROTILINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASOPROCOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEDRYSONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEGESTROL ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MELOXICAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MELPHALAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPHOBARBITAL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESTRANOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHANDROSTENOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLENE BLUE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLTESTOSTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIBEFRADIL DIHYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIFEPRISTONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MILTEFOSINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MITOTANE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
MOCLOBEMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MOMETASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MORICIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MYCOPHENOLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAFTIFINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
NANDROLONE DECANOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NANDROLONE PHENPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NELFINAVIR Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	4 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02519582 — Drug Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Niclosamide Tablets in Patients With Metastases of a Colorectal Cancer Progressing After Therapy (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02687009 — A Study of Niclosamide in Patients With Resectable Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT01189903 — Clinical Evaluation - A Phase IIA Proof of Concept Study of Regorafenib (Bayer 73-4506) in Biopsy-amenable Asian Colorectal Cancer Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04296851 — Niclosamide for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of orally applied niclosamide in patients with metachronous or sychronous metastases of a colorectal cancer progressing after therapy: the NIKOLO trial (BMC cancer, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NILOTINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NILUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NINTEDANIB ESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIRAPARIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIROGACESTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NISOLDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NITAZOXANIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NITROFURAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIVOLUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 40 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03631641 — Nivolumab in Preventing Colon Adenomas in Participants With Lynch Syndrome and a History of Partial Colectomy (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT06011330 — Fruquintinib Plus PD-1 in Refractory MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NCT03879811 — Determining the Effects of Temozolomide Followed by Nivolumab in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT07223424 — Patient Preference for Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immune Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00441337 — A Study of MDX-1106 in Patients With Selected Refractory or Relapsed Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04771715 — Regorafenib Plus Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) NCT04599140 — SX-682 and Nivolumab for the Treatment of RAS-Mutated, MSS Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, the STOPTRAFFIC-1 Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and risk analysis of monotherapy and dual immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (BMC cancer, 2026) Cochrane review Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer: tumor-intrinsic and immune checkpoint signaling (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2026) Cochrane review Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite Instability-High/Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab monotherapy and combination for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2025) Cochrane review Can Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab be efficiently used against colorectal cancers with defective mismatch repair and high index of microsatellite instability? (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer from the perspective of the healthcare payer (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025) Meta-analysis Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first- and second-line immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2024) Meta-analysis Clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (World journal of surgical oncology, 2022) Systematic review Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in MSI-H/dMMR Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Trials Evaluating Efficacy, Pathologic Response, and Surgical Outcomes (Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2025) Clinical trial publication Carcinoembryonic Antigen Flare Under Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy Predicts Benefit from Nivolumab in Metastatic Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer - A Post Hoc Analysis of METIMMOX Trial Data (ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Solid Tumors With High Tumor Mutation Burden: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study (JCO precision oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication First-line Nivolumab plus FOLFOXIRI/Bevacizumab in advanced RAS/BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer: efficacy, safety and biomarker discovery from the phase II NIVACOR trial (Nature communications, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORELGESTROMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORETHYNODREL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORGESTIMATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORGESTREL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
O-PHENANTHROLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OCTOCRYLENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPARIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OMACETAXINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXALIPLATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
OXANDROLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYMETHOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYPHENISATIN ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL PROTEIN-BOUND Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
PARAMETHASONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE, HEMIHYDRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PAZOPANIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PEMBROLIZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 8 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 42 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06400472 — A Study of LY4170156 in Participants With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT04083599 — GEN1042 Safety Trial and Anti-tumor Activity in Participants With Malignant Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT05576077 — A Study of TBio-4101 (TIL) and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT06011330 — Fruquintinib Plus PD-1 in Refractory MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NCT04130516 — Study Assessing MTD, Safety, Tolerability, PK and Anti-tumor Effects of LNS8801alone and With Pembrolizumab (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07223424 — Patient Preference for Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immune Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and risk analysis of monotherapy and dual immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (BMC cancer, 2026) Cochrane review Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer: tumor-intrinsic and immune checkpoint signaling (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab monotherapy and combination for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2025) Cochrane review Can Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab be efficiently used against colorectal cancers with defective mismatch repair and high index of microsatellite instability? (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Meta-analysis A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Current cancer drug targets, 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer from the perspective of the healthcare payer (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025) Systematic review The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2024) Systematic review Value assessment of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of oesophageal and gastrointestinal cancers (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Population Pharmacokinetic, Exposure-Response Efficacy and Safety Analyses of Favezelimab in Patients With Solid Tumors (Clinical and translational science, 2026) Clinical trial publication Neoadjuvant Single-Cycle Pembrolizumab for Stage I-III MMR-Deficient Colon Cancer: The RESET-C Trial (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Plus Capecitabine and Bevacizumab for Microsatellite Stable/Mismatch Repair-Proficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERHEXILINE MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERMETHRIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENELZINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENOBARBITAL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMOZIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PODOFILOX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PONATINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PONATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNICARBATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PREDNISOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PREDNISOLONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRIMIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROBENECID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROGESTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £15–£25 / 60 tabs · US $20–$35 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMETHAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PYRITHIONE ZINC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PYRVINIUM PAMOATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUININE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGORAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RESERPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RESVERATROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIFAMPIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIFAMYCIN SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAPENTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIMONABANT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ROCURONIUM BROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RUCAPARIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SAQUINAVIR MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTINDOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00337545 — Phase II Trial of RAD001 in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00409994 — Safety Study of Rapamycin Administered Before and During Radiotherapy to Treat Rectum Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01637194 — Cetuximab and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Colon Cancer or Head and Neck Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06950385 — Phase 3 Trial of eRapa in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01387880 — Irinotecan, Cetuximab and Everolimus to Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00597506 — Expanded Cohort for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Using Bevacizumab + Everolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication A Phase 1 clinical study of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SORAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 16 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00703638 — Sorafenib, Pemetrexed, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00134069 — Sorafenib, Cetuximab, and Irinotecan in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00979329 — Study on the Influence of Sunitinib and Sorafenib on Fatigue, QoL, Depression in Patients With Metastatic RCC or GIST (COMPLETED) NCT00865709 — Study of Modified FOLFOX6 Plus or Minus Sorafenib in Stage IV Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (mCRC) Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03251612 — Predictive Value of Drug Sensitivity Testing Tumorspheres From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01471353 — Sorafenib Plus Capecitabine (SorCape) in Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01183663 — Lenalidomide in Combination With Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, Temsirolimus, or 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00989469 — Sorafenib With Irinotecan in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) and K-RAS Mutation (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment (British journal of pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Health economic evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review (Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2020) Cochrane review Risk of treatment-related deaths with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials (OncoTargets and therapy, 2014) Meta-analysis Targeted therapy for solid tumors and risk of hypertension: a meta-analysis of 68077 patients from 93 phase III studies (Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 2019) Meta-analysis Incidence and relative risk of hepatic toxicity in patients treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors for malignancy (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing for hand-foot skin reaction: J-SUPPORT 1701 APRON trial (Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication Targeting SLC7A11 with sorafenib sensitizes stereotactic body radiotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Activity of Sorafenib Plus Capecitabine in Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (The oncologist, 2021) Clinical trial publication Sorafenib Plus Irinotecan Combination in Patients With RAS-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory To Standard Combined Chemotherapies: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase 2 Trial (NEXIRI-2/PRODIGE 27) (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2020) Clinical trial publication Monitoring metabolic response using FDG PET-CT during targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2016) Randomized controlled trial Sorafenib in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (modified FOLFOX6) as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the RESPECT trial (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SOTATERCEPT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPARFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRONOLACTONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
STANOZOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFACARBAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFISOXAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULINDAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 10 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00003365 — Sulindac and Plant Compounds in Preventing Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00118365 — Eflornithine and Sulindac in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colon Polyps (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01187901 — A Clinical Trial of COX and EGFR Inhibition in Familial Polyposis Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00062023 — Comparison of Sulindac, Aspirin, and Ursodiol in Preventing Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00319007 — Influence of Sulindac and Probiotics on the Development of Pouch Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT01483144 — Trial of Eflornithine Plus Sulindac in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01856322 — Surgery Plus Sulindac or Surgery Alone for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01245816 — A Trial of Low Dose Sulindac Combined With Eflornithine in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Preventive effects of chemical drugs on recurrence of colorectal adenomas: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2024) Meta-analysis The efficacy of chemopreventive agents on the incidence of colorectal adenomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Preventive medicine, 2022) Meta-analysis [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for chemoprevention of colorectal polyps: a meta-analysis] (Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2004) Systematic review Eflornithine for chemoprevention in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Systematic review Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin for the prevention of colorectal adenomas and cancer: a systematic review (Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of eflornithine (CPP-1X)/sulindac combination therapy versus each as monotherapy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): design and rationale of a randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial (BMC gastroenterology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Role of obesity in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) + sulindac for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas (Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2012) Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind trial of sulindac and etodolac to eradicate aberrant crypt foci and to prevent sporadic colorectal polyps (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2011) Clinical trial publication Randomized phase II trial of sulindac, atorvastatin, and prebiotic dietary fiber for colorectal cancer chemoprevention (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2011) Clinical trial publication Sulindac treatment in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAZOPARIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAMOXIFEN CITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TANNIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELITHROMYCIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TEMOZOLOMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOLACTONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE CYPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE ENANTHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THIOGUANINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THIOTEPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TIOCONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLVAPTAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOREMIFENE CITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04439292 — Testing Trametinib and Dabrafenib as a Potential Targeted Treatment in Cancers With BRAF Genetic Changes (MATCH-Subprotocol H) (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRASTUZUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT03384940 — DS-8201a in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2)-Expressing Colorectal Cancer (DESTINY-CRC01) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00006015 — Combination Chemotherapy Plus Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05253651 — A Study of Tucatinib With Trastuzumab and mFOLFOX6 Versus Standard of Care Treatment in First-line HER2+ Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT00003995 — Monoclonal Antibody Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer That Overexpresses HER2 (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07216105 — FT836 With or Without Chemotherapy and/or Monoclonal Antibodies, in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT03843749 — Pyrotinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Treatment-refractory, HER2-positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancar. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04464967 — Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of SNK01 in Combination With Trastuzumab or Cetuximab in Subjects With Advanced HER2 or EGFR Cancers (WITHDRAWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review A Meta-Analysis to Assess the Efficacy of HER2-Targeted Treatment Regimens in HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials (American journal of cancer research, 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of HER2-targeted inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer with HER2-amplified: A meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Meta-analysis Tissue-Agnostic Targeting in Solid Tumors: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Resistance Determinants Across Histologies (Oncology research, 2026) Systematic review Diagnosis and treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic literature review (Cancer treatment reviews, 2026) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Tucatinib plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2 + , RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (MOUNTAINEER): final analysis (Nature communications, 2026) Clinical trial publication Pyrotinib Plus Trastuzumab as an Effective Later-Line Therapeutic Strategy for HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Phase II Study (Drug design, development and therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication NSABP FC-11: A phase II study of neratinib plus trastuzumab or neratinib plus cetuximab in patients with "quadruple wild-type" (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA) metastatic colorectal cancer based on HER2 status: amplified, non-amplified (wild-type), or mutated (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial (Nature medicine, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE DIACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMTERENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIBROMSALAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRICLOSAN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRILOSTANE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIPARANOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
UMBRALISIB TOSYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VALRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANDETANIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03291379 — Vandetanib-eluting Radiopaque Embolic Beads in Patients With Resectable Liver Malignancies (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00499850 — Phase I FOLFOX Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00507091 — Phase I Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00500292 — A Phase II Study of 2 Doses of ZD6474 (Vandetanib) in Combination With FOLFOX vs FOLFOX Alone for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00532909 — Phase I Vandetanib Plus Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00454116 — A Phase II, Double Blind Study of 2 Doses of ZACTIMA™(ZD6474) in Combination With FOLFIRI vs FOLFIRI Alone for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00436072 — ZD6474, Cetuximab, and Irinotecan in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00496509 — Phase I Efficacy On Vascular Permeability In Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Incidence and risk of proteinuria associated with newly approved vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: an up-to-date meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2020) Meta-analysis Incidence and relative risk of hepatic toxicity in patients treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors for malignancy (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Phase I study of cetuximab, irinotecan, and vandetanib (ZD6474) as therapy for patients with previously treated metastastic colorectal cancer (PloS one, 2012) Clinical trial publication A phase I trial of vandetanib combined with capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2012) Clinical trial publication Vandetanib with FOLFIRI in patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma: results from an open-label, multicentre Phase I study (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2009) Clinical trial publication Open-label phase I trial of vandetanib in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
VEMURAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VENETOCLAX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
VINBLASTINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINCRISTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VINORELBINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	3 trials 3 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03251612 — Predictive Value of Drug Sensitivity Testing Tumorspheres From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01703910 — Study of Individualized Therapies Selection for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma According to the Therapeutic (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03482362 — Vinorelbine in Advanced BRAF-like Colon Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of lapatinib, binimetinib, and vinorelbine for RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the RASTRIC Phase I/II trial (British journal of cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication Prolonged Pemetrexed Infusion Plus Gemcitabine in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Preclinical Rationale and Phase II Study Results (The oncologist, 2017) Clinical trial publication A randomized study of chemotherapy versus biochemotherapy with chemotherapy plus Aloe arborescens in patients with metastatic cancer (In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
VINORELBINE TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN A Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VITAMIN K3 Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
WARFARIN POTASSIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAFIRLUKAST Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADAGRASIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADEBRELIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIVANTAMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARFOLITIXORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATEZOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECOTATUG	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERMEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CADONILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CATEQUENTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDIRANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CM-4307	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALTEPARIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCETAXEL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENDOSTATIN, N-TERMINAL-MGGSHHHHH	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENILURACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERLOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXISULIND	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAVEZELIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOROURACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GIMERACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPATASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPILIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVONESCIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFITOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENVATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVAMISOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOLEUCOVORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORNOXICAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEBENDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELPHALAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPABUCASIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIVOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCTREOTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMBROLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERIFOSINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRECEMTABART TOCENTECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUCOTENLIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALTITREXED	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMUCIRUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVOCERANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
S1?	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAXANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVOFLURANE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILYMARIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PICOSULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTORASIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUNITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUVEMCITUG	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAPORFIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGAFUR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELISOTUZUMAB ADIZUTECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THALIDOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMALFASIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TISLELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRABEDERSEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB REZETECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCIDINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUNLAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VATALANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEMURAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
1-(4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-3-HYDROXY-3-(1-METHYL-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL)PROPAN-1-ONE, (S)-	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
6-O-BENZYLGUANINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
7-ETHYL-10-HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEMACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABITUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPELISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANPOCOGIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTIMONY	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AROPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARTESUNATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AUTOGENE CEVUMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVELUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVISCUMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVUTOMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AXITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZACITIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAFISONTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALSTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECATECARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECOTATUG VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELZUTIFAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLEOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986310	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOTENSILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRYOSTATIN 1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABAZITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABOZANTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARMUSTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CATEQUENTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEMIPLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB BETA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORSULFAQUINOXALINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIXUTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COBIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CONATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CPI 613	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CRIZOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DABRAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALPICICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANVATIRSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DATOPOTAMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVANAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DECITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEFACTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENENICOKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENIKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESMOPRESSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILPACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISITAMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DKN-01	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOMATINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOSTARLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOVITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULIGOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DURVALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7820	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECADOTRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFATUTAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFATUTAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELACYTARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIGLUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELRAGLUSIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENDOSTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENLONSTOBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENSITUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTRECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENVAFOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENZASTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOTHILONE D	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERFONRILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHIODIZED OIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL TETRATRIFLUTATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVORPACEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC DERISOMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUZOPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLITIXORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSIFLOXURIDINE NAFALBENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUTIBATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
G17DT IMMUNOGEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GANETESPIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEDATOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEFITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GILVETMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLP-1	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSSYPOL ACETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HILTONOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT ETHYL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICRUCUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDELALISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IFINATAMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IGN-101	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMGATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMZOKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INAVOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDISULAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOCYANINE GREEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA A VIRUS, SPLIT VIRION	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERLEUKIN-7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE HYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IROFULVEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRON ISOMALTOSIDE 1000	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISIS-2503	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISPINESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISUNAKINRA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVOSIDENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXABEPILONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZALONTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KN-026	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETUZUMAB GOVITECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPULEUCEL-T	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAROTRECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENALIDOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOCETIRIZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£2 / 30 tabs (10mg) · US $4 / 30 tabs (GoodRx)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINACLOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINIFANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITRONESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBAPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOMUSTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOPERAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORIGERLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTADENOVEC AUTOGENE	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGROLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRONIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MILATAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-2206	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLIBRESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MURLENTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MUZASTOTUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NANRILKEFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVARIXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVICIXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIBROZETONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIRAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NISEVOKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOVAFERON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFRANERGENE OBADENOVEC	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OGLUFANIDE DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLECLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMPENACLID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONARTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONGERICIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONTUXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONVANSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTERACIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXAZOLIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACRITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARSATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATRITUMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATUPILONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGDINETANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGENZILEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELAREOREP	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELITREXOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMETREXED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMIGATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENPULIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXASTIMOGENE DEVACIREPVEC	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMASERTIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMURUTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLOCABULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POZIOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRI-724	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROLGOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRAZOLOACRIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYROTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUAVONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELATLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETLIRAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RG-4733	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILVEGOSTOMIG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMEGEPANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RINTATOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROBATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMIDEPSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMIPLOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUBITECAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUXOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACITUZUMAB GOVITECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPECMERAN AUTOGENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARACATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARCNU	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAVOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-0191	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELINEXOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERIBANTUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERPLULIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIBROTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMUROSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTEVTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPARTALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPH-5030	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATED TO CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE CRM197	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURUFATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAZOPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAS-109	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZEMETOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMOZOLOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEPOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERIPARATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERLIPRESSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETANUS TOXOID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEZACITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIGATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TINODASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIFARNIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRAGOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRAPAZAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TISOTUMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIVANTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIVOZANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TK-112690	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCOTRIENOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOMIVOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPOTECAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORIPALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREBANANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREMELIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIMETREXATE GLUCURONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TYROSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPROSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VACTOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANDETANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANUCIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARLILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEBRELTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELIPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENETOCLAX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIBOSTOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICRIVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VISMODEGIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLRUSTOMIG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORBIPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VUDALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL-999	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YTTRIUM Y-90	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAMAPORVINT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANIDATAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZD-6126	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEPRUMETOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZONGERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1086580 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL:CHEMBL3753077 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CW85319 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GSK126 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ICG-001 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
1018 ISS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2X-121	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
A33 131I	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABGN-107	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADAKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADAVOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALEXTATUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-820	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFOSTINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMP-224	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDECALIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APG-1387	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APL-501	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCRINVACUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASN007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASP-1951	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVOTACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-0156	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZENOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BATOPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BBP-398	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMCENTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMPEGALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXMARILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINTRAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIRINAPANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-754807	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-813160	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986299	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVANIB ALANINATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRONTICTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUDIGALIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPARLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
C-188-9	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMPTOTHECIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARFILZOMIB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CB-5083	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CBP-501	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDAZURIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDIRANIB MALEATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERALASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETRELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL569766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CJM-112	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLATURAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COPANLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CX-5461	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYC-065	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
D3S-001	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACOMITINIB ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACTOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAROVASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZOSTINAG	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEMCIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPINOMICIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIVARASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORDAVIPRONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROZITUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-7423	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-8273A	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULANERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUPILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUVELISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7386	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIMUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELTANEXOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMAVUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMD-1201081	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMIDURDAR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENADENOTUCIREV	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENMD-2076	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPACADOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETARACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETRUMADENANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZABENLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
F19 131I	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAPI GA-68	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINOTONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUCYTOSINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FULVESTRANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALINPEPIMUT-S	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALLIUM GA 68 GOZETOTIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALUNISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GANITUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARSORASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GATIPOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GC1118	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLECIRASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCEROL PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRAPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GTI-2040	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUADECITABINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUMARONTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUA33	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE (HUMAN RECOMBINANT)	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYTYROSOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOVAMENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDASANUTLIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IFEBEMTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMC-3C5	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIQUIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INBAKICEPT	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCOMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON GAMMA-1B	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INULIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN SUCROSOFATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISATUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTIRATUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVUXOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZELTABART TAPATANSINE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZORLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KRN-330	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
L19TNFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPACHONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LB-100	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINSITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITHIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMINESPIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURBINECTEDIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU 177 ZADAVOTIDE GURAXETAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU-177 VIPIVOTIDE TETRAXETAN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU177 EDOTREOTIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM OXODOTREOTIDE LU-177	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-3200882	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ME-344	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDI-6469	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERESTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MGD-007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDOSTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIGOPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRDAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0752	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8353	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ML-246	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOTESANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MVT-5873	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPTUMOMAB ESTAFENATOX	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAZARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NELMASTOBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIDANILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NILOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOGAPENDEKIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NUMIDARGISTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OB-002	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBLIMERSEN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPTESED PEGOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLINVACIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONALESPIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONVATILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSI-7904	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSIMERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL POLIGLUMEX	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARSACLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PASIFOLATE EXATECAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAZOPANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGARGIMINASE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGILODECAKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEPINEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXIDARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06671008	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRFENIDONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PKI-179	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLATINUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLICAMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PONSEGROMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALATREXATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREXASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUEMLICLUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REFAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETIFANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVUMENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIDAFOROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILOTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILUZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMIDUCID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSMANTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUCAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SABATOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMOTOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPANISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SASANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-006	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELICRELUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILIBININ	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMMITECAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIREMADLIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM IODIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOLNERSTOTUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONIDEGIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SRA-737	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
STREPTOZOCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUBASUMSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUNITINIB MALATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SX-682	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SY-5609	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-186	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALIMOGENE LAHERPAREPVEC	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TB-403	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELAGLENASTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMUTERKIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENATUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THROMBOMODULIN ALFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TILSOTOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCLADESINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOMUZOTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOSITUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZASERTIB LACTATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROCULEUCEL	Cell therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCOTUZUMAB CELMOLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUSAMITAMAB RAVTANSINE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUXOBERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULIXERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UMIKIBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URELUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UTOMILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VILAMAKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINCRISTINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINORELBINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOCIPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VSV-GP128	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WNT-974	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XEVINAPANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL-281	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XP-102	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZALUTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZELENIRSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEN-3694	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIMBERELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOTIRACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFLIBERCEPT	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAMORELIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPECITABINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CCT251545	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDRECOLOMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELOBIXIBAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENTANYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLOXURIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FRUQUINTINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBUPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK Very low cost OTC/prescription · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOROLAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOLEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NACOLOMAB TAFENATOX	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NECITUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NINTEDANIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONDANSETRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXALIPLATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYCODONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANITUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGORAFENIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM ASCORBATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUGAMMADEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TECHNETIUM TC-99M	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIRACIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIRACIL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZINAMERAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLURIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOTUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ADAGRASIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADEBRELIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIVANTAMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARFOLITIXORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATEZOLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECOTATUG	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERMEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CADONILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CATEQUENTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDIRANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CM-4307	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSPORINE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALTEPARIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCETAXEL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOXORUBICIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENDOSTATIN, N-TERMINAL-MGGSHHHHH	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENILURACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERLOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXISULIND	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAVEZELIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOROURACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GIMERACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPATASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IPILIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVONESCIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFITOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENVATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVAMISOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOLEUCOVORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIDOCAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOPERAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORNOXICAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEBENDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELPHALAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPABUCASIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITAZOXANIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIVOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCTREOTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMBROLIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERIFOSINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PICOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 3350	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRECEMTABART TOCENTECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPOFOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PUCOTENLIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALTITREXED	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAMUCIRUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIVOCERANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
S1?	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAXANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEVOFLURANE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILYMARIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PICOSULFATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTORASIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFASALAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUNITINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUVEMCITUG	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAPORFIN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEGAFUR	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELISOTUZUMAB ADIZUTECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THALIDOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THYMALFASIN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TISLELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRABEDERSEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB REZETECAN	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCATINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCIDINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUNLAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URACIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VATALANIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEMURAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1-(4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PIPERIDIN-1-YL)-3-HYDROXY-3-(1-METHYL-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL)PROPAN-1-ONE, (S)-	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
6-O-BENZYLGUANINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
7-ETHYL-10-HYDROXYCAMPTOTHECIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABEMACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABITUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALPELISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAKINRA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDROGRAPHOLIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANPOCOGIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANTIMONY	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AROPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARTESUNATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AUTOGENE CEVUMERAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVELUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVISCUMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVUTOMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AXITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZACITIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BAFISONTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALSTILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECATECARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECOTATUG VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELZUTIFAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLEOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986310	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOTENSILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRYOSTATIN 1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABAZITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABOZANTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBOPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARMUSTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CATEQUENTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEMIPLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB BETA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORSULFAQUINOXALINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	4 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02682485 — Serial Endoscopic Surveillance & Direct Topical Antibiotics to Define the Role of Microbes in Anastomotic Healing (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00332163 — Skin Toxicity Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients Receiving Panitumumab + Irinotecan-based Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04003181 — The Pathogenesis of Chronic Diarrhoea After Treatment for Cancer in Cecum and the Ascending Colon (COMPLETED) NA NCT06728072 — Addition of Antibiotics to Upfront Treatment Regimen for Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIXUTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COBIMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CONATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CPI 613	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CRIZOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DABRAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALPICICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DANVATIRSEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DATOPOTAMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVANAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DECITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEFACTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENENICOKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENIKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESMOPRESSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DILPACIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISITAMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DKN-01	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOMATINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOSTARLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOVITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULIGOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DURVALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7820	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ECADOTRIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFATUTAZONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFATUTAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELACYTARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIGLUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELRAGLUSIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENDOSTATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENFORTUMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENLONSTOBART	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENSITUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTRECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENVAFOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENZASTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPOTHILONE D	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERFONRILIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERLOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHIODIZED OIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL TETRAHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETIRINOTECAN PEGOL TETRATRIFLUTATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVORPACEPT	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC CARBOXYMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC DERISOMALTOSE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FERROUS SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FIANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUZOPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLITIXORIN CALCIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOSIFLOXURIDINE NAFALBENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUTIBATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FUTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
G17DT IMMUNOGEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GANETESPIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEDATOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEFITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GILVETMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLP-1	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GOSSYPOL ACETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPARIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HEPATITIS B VIRUS HBSAG SURFACE PROTEIN ANTIGEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HILTONOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT ETHYL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICRUCUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDELALISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IFINATAMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IGN-101	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMALUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB MESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMGATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMZOKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INAVOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDISULAM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOCYANINE GREEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA A VIRUS, SPLIT VIRION	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERLEUKIN-7	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE HYDRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IROFULVEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRON ISOMALTOSIDE 1000	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISIS-2503	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISPINESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISUNAKINRA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVOSIDENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IXABEPILONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZALONTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KN-026	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETUZUMAB GOVITECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPULEUCEL-T	Cell therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAROTRECTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEFLUNOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENALIDOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LERONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOCETIRIZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £1–£2 / 30 tabs (10mg) · US $4 / 30 tabs (GoodRx)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINACLOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINIFANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITRONESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOBAPLATIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOMUSTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOPERAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORIGERLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTADENOVEC AUTOGENE	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGROLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METRONIDAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MILATAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRABEGRON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-2206	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLIBRESIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MURLENTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MUZASTOTUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NANRILKEFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVARIXIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAVICIXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIBROZETONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIRAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NISEVOKITUG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOVAFERON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFRANERGENE OBADENOVEC	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OGLUFANIDE DISODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLECLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMPENACLID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONARTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONGERICIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONTUXIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONVANSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OTERACIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXAZOLIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACRITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANOBINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARSATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATRITUMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PATUPILONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGDINETANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGENZILEUKIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGFILGRASTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELAREOREP	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PELITREXOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMETREXED	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMIGATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENPULIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXASTIMOGENE DEVACIREPVEC	Gene therapy	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMASERTIB HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMURUTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLOCABULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POZIOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGABALIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRI-724	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROLGOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROPRANOLOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRAZOLOACRIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYROTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUAVONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RELATLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETLIRAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RG-4733	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILVEGOSTOMIG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMEGEPANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RINTATOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RITUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROBATUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMIDEPSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROMIPLOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUBITECAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUXOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SACITUZUMAB GOVITECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPECMERAN AUTOGENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARACATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARCNU	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARGRAMOSTIM	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAVOLITINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-0191	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELINEXOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERIBANTUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERPLULIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIBROTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMUROSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTEVTAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPARTALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPH-5030	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE POLYSACCHARIDE CONJUGATED TO CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE CRM197	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULINDAC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SURUFATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TADALAFIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAZOPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAS-109	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZEMETOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMOZOLOMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMSIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEPOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERIPARATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERLIPRESSIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETANUS TOXOID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEZACITABINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIGATUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TINODASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIFARNIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRAGOLUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRAPAZAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TISOTUMAB VEDOTIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIVANTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIVOZANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TK-112690	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCOTRIENOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOMIVOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPOTECAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TORIPALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB DERUXTECAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRASTUZUMAB EMTANSINE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREBANANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TREMELIMUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRETINOIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIMETREXATE GLUCURONATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TYROSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UPROSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VACTOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANCOMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANDETANIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANUCIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARLILUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEBRELTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VELIPARIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENETOCLAX	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VIBOSTOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VICRIVIROC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VISMODEGIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOLRUSTOMIG	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORBIPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VUDALIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL-999	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
YTTRIUM Y-90	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAMAPORVINT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZANIDATAMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZD-6126	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEPRUMETOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIBOTENTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZONGERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
1018 ISS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2X-121	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
A33 131I	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABGN-107	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADAKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADAVOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALEXTATUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMG-820	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFOSTINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMINOLEVULINIC ACID HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMP-224	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANDECALIXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APG-1387	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APL-501	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCRINVACUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASN007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASP-1951	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATORVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £1–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVOTACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-0156	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZENOSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BATOPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BBP-398	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMCENTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEMPEGALDESLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXMARILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BINTRAFUSP ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIRINAPANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-754807	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-813160	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMS-986299	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVANIB ALANINATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRIVUDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRONTICTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUDIGALIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPARLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
C-188-9	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAMPTOTHECIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANAKINUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARFILZOMIB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CB-5083	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CBP-501	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDAZURIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEDIRANIB MALEATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CENISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CERALASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETRELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL569766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CJM-112	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLATURAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
COPANLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CX-5461	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYC-065	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
D3S-001	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACOMITINIB ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DACTOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAROVASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAZOSTINAG	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEMCIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIAZEPINOMICIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIGOXIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIVARASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DORDAVIPRONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROZITUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-7423	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DS-8273A	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DULANERMIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUPILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DUVELISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7386	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
E-7766	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELIMUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELTANEXOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMAVUSERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMD-1201081	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMIDURDAR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENADENOTUCIREV	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENMD-2076	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPACADOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETARACIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETRUMADENANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EZABENLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
F19 131I	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAPI GA-68	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINOTONLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUCYTOSINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUDARABINE PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FULVESTRANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALINPEPIMUT-S	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALLIUM GA 68 GOZETOTIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALUNISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GANITUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GARSORASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GATIPOTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GC1118	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLECIRASIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCEROL PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GRAPIPRANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GTI-2040	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUADECITABINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUMARONTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUA33	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIDASE (HUMAN RECOMBINANT)	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYTYROSOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBRUTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOVAMENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDASANUTLIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IFEBEMTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMC-3C5	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIQUIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INBAKICEPT	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INCOMPLETE FREUND'S ADJUVANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00473980 — Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02958566 — Multimodal Narcotic Limited Perioperative Pain Control With Colorectal Surgery (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06837831 — Mepilex Lite Dressings for the Treatment of Acute Radiation Dermatitis of Anal Canal Skin (RECRUITING) NA NCT00002796 — Phase I-II Study of Fluorouracil in Combination With Phenylbutyrate in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05782608 — IV Ibuprofen vs Ketorolac in Post Operative Pain in Colorectal Cancer Surgeries in Obese Patient (COMPLETED) NA NCT01719926 — Phase I Platinum Based Chemotherapy Plus Indomethacin (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in colorectal cancer related to tumor tissue PGE2 (International journal of oncology, 2010) Clinical trial publication Preoperative treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) increases tumor tissue infiltration of seemingly activated immune cells in colorectal cancer (Cancer immunity, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INTERFERON GAMMA-1B	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INULIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN SUCROSOFATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISATUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTIRATUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ITACITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVUXOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZELTABART TAPATANSINE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IZORLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KRN-330	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
L19TNFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAPACHONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LB-100	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINSITINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITHIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMINESPIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURBINECTEDIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU 177 ZADAVOTIDE GURAXETAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU-177 VIPIVOTIDE TETRAXETAN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM LU177 EDOTREOTIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUTETIUM OXODOTREOTIDE LU-177	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY-3200882	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARAVIROC	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ME-344	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDI-6469	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERESTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MGD-007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDOSTAURIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIGOPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRDAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0752	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8353	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ML-246	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOTESANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MVT-5873	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPORAFENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPTUMOMAB ESTAFENATOX	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAZARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NELMASTOBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NERATINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIDANILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NILOTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NOGAPENDEKIN ALFA	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NUMIDARGISTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OB-002	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OBLIMERSEN SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPTESED PEGOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLINVACIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3-ACID ETHYL ESTERS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONALESPIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONVATILIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSI-7904	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSIMERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL POLIGLUMEX	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PARSACLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PASIFOLATE EXATECAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAZOPANIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGARGIMINASE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEGILODECAKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEMVIDUTIDE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEPINEMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PEXIDARTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-06671008	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIRFENIDONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PKI-179	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLATINUM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLICAMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PONSEGROMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRALATREXATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREXASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUEMLICLUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REFAMETINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RETIFANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REVUMENIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIDAFOROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILOTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILUZOLE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMIDUCID	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROSMANTUZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RUCAPARIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SABATOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMOTOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPANISERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SASANLIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-006	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SC-007	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELICRELUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILIBININ	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMMITECAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SINECATECHINS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIREMADLIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00337545 — Phase II Trial of RAD001 in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00409994 — Safety Study of Rapamycin Administered Before and During Radiotherapy to Treat Rectum Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01637194 — Cetuximab and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Colon Cancer or Head and Neck Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06950385 — Phase 3 Trial of eRapa in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01387880 — Irinotecan, Cetuximab and Everolimus to Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00597506 — Expanded Cohort for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Using Bevacizumab + Everolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication A Phase 1 clinical study of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SITAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM IODIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHENYLBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOLNERSTOTUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONIDEGIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONOLISIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SRA-737	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
STREPTOZOCIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUBASUMSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUNITINIB MALATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SX-682	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SY-5609	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAK-186	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALIMOGENE LAHERPAREPVEC	Gene therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAURURSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TB-403	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELAGLENASTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TEMUTERKIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENATUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THROMBOMODULIN ALFA	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TILSOTOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCLADESINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOMUZOTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOSITUMOMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZASERTIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZASERTIB LACTATE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROCULEUCEL	Cell therapy	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUCOTUZUMAB CELMOLEUKIN	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUSAMITAMAB RAVTANSINE	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TUXOBERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULIXERTINIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UMIKIBART	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URELUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
URSODIOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
UTOMILUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VILAMAKITUG	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINCRISTINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINORELBINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOCIPROTAFIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VSV-GP128	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WNT-974	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XEVINAPANT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XL-281	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
XP-102	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZALUTUMUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZELENIRSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZEN-3694	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIMBERELIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZOTIRACICLIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFLIBERCEPT	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANAMORELIN HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEVACIZUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPIVACAINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAPECITABINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CCT251545	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EDRECOLOMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELOBIXIBAT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENTANYL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLOXURIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FRUQUINTINIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBUPROFEN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK Very low cost OTC/prescription · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IRINOTECAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOROLAC	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOLEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAGNESIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NACOLOMAB TAFENATOX	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NECITUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NINTEDANIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONDANSETRON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXALIPLATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYCODONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PANITUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGORAFENIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMIFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROCURONIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM ASCORBATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM SULFATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUFENTANIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUGAMMADEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TECHNETIUM TC-99M	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TESTOSTERONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIRACIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIPIRACIL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOZINAMERAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLURIDINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VOTUMUMAB	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02740985 — A Phase 1 Clinical Study of AZD4635 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03170960 — Study of Cabozantinib Alone or in Combination With Atezolizumab to Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACYCLOVIR Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AFATINIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ARGIPRESSIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ASCIMINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATENOLOL Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ATEZOLIZUMAB Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 11 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT03841110 — FT500 as Monotherapy and in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05118724 — Atezolizumab in Patients With MSI-h/MMR-D Stage II High Risk and Stage III Colorectal Cancer Ineligible for Oxaliplatin (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06555133 — Y-90, Capecitabine, and Atezolizumab for Oligometastatic CRC (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03256344 — Study of Talimogene Laherparepvec With Atezolizumab for Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastases (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02992912 — Atezolizumab With Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Tumours (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02291289 — A Study of Biomarker-Driven Therapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05944237 — HTL0039732 in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumours (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of first-line targeted and immunotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a network meta-analysis (Frontiers in immunology, 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first- and second-line immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2024) Cochrane review First line therapy in stage IV BRAF mutated colorectal cancer (Heliyon, 2024) Cochrane review A network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety for first-line and maintenance therapies in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2024) Meta-analysis Comparative efficacy of later-line therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer: a network meta-analysis of survival curves (Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in MSI-like metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, phase II, open-label clinical trial (ESMO open, 2025) Clinical trial publication Zanzalintinib plus atezolizumab versus regorafenib in refractory colorectal cancer (STELLAR-303): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial (Lancet (London, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Liver metastases do not predict resistance to the addition of atezolizumab to first-line FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab in proficient MMR metastatic colorectal cancer: a secondary analysis of the AtezoTRIBE study (ESMO open, 2025) Clinical trial publication Upfront Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan Plus Bevacizumab With or Without Atezolizumab for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated and Overall Survival Results of the ATEZOTRIBE Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab in Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma (Cancer research communications, 2024) Randomized controlled trial An Immune-Related Gene Expression Signature Predicts Benefit from Adding Atezolizumab to FOLFOXIRI plus Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AVELUMAB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AXITINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENDAMUSTINE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENORILATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BINIMETINIB Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis 19 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06207656 — Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cetuximab in Combination with Encorafenib Plus Binimetinib As Induction Treatment in BRAF V600E Mutated MSS Initially Resectable or Potentially Resectable Advanced Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT03947385 — Study of IDE196 in Patients With Solid Tumors Harboring GNAQ/11 Mutations or PRKC Fusions (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT03374254 — Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Plus Binimetinib Alone or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy With or Without Binimetinib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Participants (MK-3475-651/KEYNOTE-651) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04870034 — Binimetinib and Palbociclib Before Surgery for the Treatment of Operable KRAS-Positive Lung, Colorectal, or Pancreatic Cancer (WITHDRAWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06229340 — Leflunomide or Combination of MEK Inhibitor and Hydroxychloroquine for Refractory Patients With RAS Mutations (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00959127 — A Study of ARRY-438162 (MEK162) in Patients With Advanced Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01562899 — A Study of MEK162 and AMG 479 in Patients With Selected Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02613650 — A Trial of mFOLFIRI With MEK162 in Patients With Advanced RAS (HRAS, NRAS, or KRAS) Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and Efficacy of Triple Therapy Containing Encorafenib, Cetuximab, and Binimetinib for BRAF V600E-Mutated Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Systematic review Systematic review of randomised clinical trials and observational studies for patients with RAS wild-type or BRAF(V600E)-mutant metastatic and/or unresectable colorectal cancer (Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of lapatinib, binimetinib, and vinorelbine for RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the RASTRIC Phase I/II trial (British journal of cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication A Phase Ia/b study of MEK1/2 inhibitor binimetinib with MET inhibitor crizotinib in patients with RAS mutant advanced colorectal cancer (MErCuRIC) (BMC cancer, 2025) Clinical trial publication Molecular profiling of BRAF-V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer in the phase 3 BEACON CRC trial (Nature medicine, 2024) Clinical trial publication A Phase II Study of Potentiation of Pembrolizumab with Binimetinib and Bevacizumab in Refractory Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2024) Clinical trial publication Pembrolizumab Plus Binimetinib With or Without Chemotherapy for MSS/pMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Outcomes From KEYNOTE-651 Cohorts A, C, and E (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Binimetinib in combination with nivolumab or nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with previously treated microsatellite-stable metastatic colorectal cancer with RAS mutations in an open-label phase 1b/2 study (BMC cancer, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Quality of life with encorafenib plus cetuximab with or without binimetinib treatment in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: patient-reported outcomes from BEACON CRC (ESMO open, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Encorafenib Plus Cetuximab as a New Standard of Care for Previously Treated BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated Survival Results and Subgroup Analyses from the BEACON Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOLATE SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLINATUMOMAB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BORTEZOMIB Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BOSUTINIB MONOHYDRATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMOCRIPTINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSULFAN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BUTAMBEN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAFFEINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIFEDIOL ANHYDROUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIPOTRIENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCITRIOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAMPTOTHECIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANRENONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPECITABINE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBAMAZEPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARFILZOMIB Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
CEFONICID SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CELECOXIB Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 20 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00608595 — Celecoxib in Treating Patients With Early-Stage Rectal Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00043043 — Celecoxib in Preventing Cancer in Patients With Rectal Polyps or Colorectal Neoplasia (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00001693 — Phase I-II Multiple-Dose Safety and Efficacy Study of a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase - 2 (SC-58635) in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) Patients and Carriers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03926338 — Neoadjuvant Toripalimab With or Without Celecoxib in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00473980 — Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03026140 — Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Novel IO Combinations in Early-stage Colon Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT05933980 — Toripalimab,Celecoxib and Regorafenib in the Treatment of Refractory Advanced Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00064181 — Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Celecoxib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Review of Network Meta-Analyses on the Efficacy of Chemopreventive Agents on Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer (Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center, 2025) Cochrane review Protective Effects of Long-Term Usage of Cyclo-Oxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Colorectal Cancer in Genetically Predisposed Individuals and Their Overall Effect on Prognosis: A Systematic Review (Cureus, 2023) Cochrane review Effects of aspirin and non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials (BMC cancer, 2017) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety profile of celecoxib for treating advanced cancers: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized clinical trials (Clinical therapeutics, 2014) Cochrane review Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2010) Meta-analysis Selective COX-2 inhibitors do not increase gastrointestinal reactions after colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMC gastroenterology, 2023) Meta-analysis The efficacy of chemopreventive agents on the incidence of colorectal adenomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Preventive medicine, 2022) Meta-analysis Very-low-dose aspirin and surveillance colonoscopy is cost-effective in secondary prevention of colorectal cancer in individuals with advanced adenomas: network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis (BMC gastroenterology, 2021) Systematic review Chemoprevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies (Clinical and translational science, 2025) Clinical trial publication Protective effect of celecoxib against capecitabine induced hand and foot syndrome in patients with colorectal Cancer (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Improved Survival With Adjuvant Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibition in PIK3CA-Activated Stage III Colon Cancer: CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance) (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Celecoxib as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled clinical study (Saudi medical journal, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
CERIVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CETUXIMAB Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORMADINONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLOROTRIANISENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLOROXINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHLORPROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHORIOGONADOTROPIN ALFA Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CICLESONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	4 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02682485 — Serial Endoscopic Surveillance & Direct Topical Antibiotics to Define the Role of Microbes in Anastomotic Healing (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00332163 — Skin Toxicity Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) Patients Receiving Panitumumab + Irinotecan-based Therapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04003181 — The Pathogenesis of Chronic Diarrhoea After Treatment for Cancer in Cecum and the Ascending Colon (COMPLETED) NA NCT06728072 — Addition of Antibiotics to Upfront Treatment Regimen for Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CISPLATIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CLASCOTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOBETASOL PROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOCORTOLONE PIVALATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOFARABINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTRIMAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CODEINE ANHYDROUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
COLCHICINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CRIZOTINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CROMOLYN SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £10–£20 / inhaler or amps · US $15–$30 / supply	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLANDELATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUS Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
CYPROTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DABRAFENIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DACARBAZINE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DACTINOMYCIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DANAZOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAROLUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DAUNORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAUNORUBICIN LIPOSOMAL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DECITABINE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT07007767 — Exploring Sintilimab + Bevacizumab + Decitabine for Advanced pMMR/MSS Colorectal Cancer (After 2+ Prior Therapies） (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00879385 — KRAS Wild-type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT02649790 — Study of the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of KPT-8602 in Participants With Relapsed/Refractory Cancer Indications (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02316028 — Phase I:Decitabine by Hepatic Arterial Infusion(HAI) in Unresectable Liver Metastases Colorectal Cancer (CRC) (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01882660 — Pre-operative Decitabine in Colon Cancer: a Proof of Principle Study (TERMINATED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication A phase I/II study of decitabine in combination with panitumumab in patients with wild-type (wt) KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DEFERASIROX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEFLAZACORT Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESERPIDINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESLANOSIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOGESTREL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOXIMETASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIBOTERMIN ALFA Repurposing via ACVR2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIDANOSINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLORASONE DIACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIFLUPREDNATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIGITOXIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIGOXIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIPHENOXYLATE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DISULFIRAM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
DOFETILIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
DROMOSTANOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DRONEDARONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DROSPIRENONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DULOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DURVALUMAB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DUTASTERIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DYCLONINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DYDROGESTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ECONAZOLE NITRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EFAVIRENZ Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EFLORNITHINE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00118365 — Eflornithine and Sulindac in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colon Polyps (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00983580 — Acetylsalicylic Acid and Eflornithine in Treating Patients at High Risk for Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00033371 — Celecoxib With or Without Eflornithine in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01483144 — Trial of Eflornithine Plus Sulindac in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01245816 — A Trial of Low Dose Sulindac Combined With Eflornithine in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 NCT01349881 — S0820, Adenoma and Second Primary Prevention Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT05500508 — Oral AMXT 1501 Dicaprate in Combination With IV DFMO (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Systematic review Eflornithine for chemoprevention in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of eflornithine (CPP-1X)/sulindac combination therapy versus each as monotherapy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): design and rationale of a randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial (BMC gastroenterology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ENTRECTINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ENZALUTAMIDE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02740985 — A Phase 1 Clinical Study of AZD4635 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03811652 — A Multiple Ascending Dose Study of MEDI7247 in Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03685591 — PF-06952229 Treatment in Adult Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT07277270 — A Study of GSK5764227 in Combination With Standard of Care (SoC) or Other Agents in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT05551117 — A Study of Vobramitamab Duocarmazine in Participants With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer and Other Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT03170960 — Study of Cabozantinib Alone or in Combination With Atezolizumab to Subjects With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT07620574 — Long-Term Extension Study for Participants Previously Enrolled in an Exelixis-Sponsored Study (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT05057013 — A Phase I/IIa Trial of HMBD-001 in Advanced HER3 Positive Solid Tumours (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOCALCIFEROL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERLOTINIB Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 23 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00459901 — Study of the Antitumor Activity of Capecitabine in Combination With Erlotinib in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00049101 — Erlotinib and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00940316 — Dual Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition With Erlotinib and Panitumumab With or Without Chemotherapy for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00642746 — Erlotinib and Chemotherapy for 2nd Line Treatment (Tx) of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00397384 — Erlotinib Hydrochloride and Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00118261 — Erlotinib, Modified FOLFOX6, and Bevacizumab as First-Line Therapy Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03086538 — Pemetrexed Plus Tarceva as Salvage Treatment in EGFR Overexpressed Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Were Failed After Standard Chemotherapy (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00032110 — Erlotinib in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Second-line systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis based on RCT (PloS one, 2024) Cochrane review Bevacizumab and erlotinib versus bevacizumab for colorectal cancer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis (International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2019) Cochrane review Survival Benefit and Safety of Bevacizumab in Combination with Erlotinib as Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (Clinical drug investigation, 2017) Cochrane review Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation (EGFR) Testing for Prediction of Response to EGFR-Targeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Drugs in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Evidence-Based Analysis (Ontario health technology assessment series, 2010) Systematic review Maintenance strategy in metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review (Cancer treatment reviews, 2016) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication A Phase Ib/II Trial of Combined BRAF and EGFR Inhibition in BRAF V600E Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Other Cancers: The EVICT (Erlotinib and Vemurafenib In Combination Trial) Study (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2023) Clinical trial publication Pemetrexed/Erlotinib as a Salvage Treatment in Patients with High EGFR-Expressing Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Following Failure of Standard Chemotherapy: A Phase II Single-Arm Prospective Study (Targeted oncology, 2020) Clinical trial publication A Phase II Study Alternating Erlotinib With Second-line mFOLFOX6 or FOLFIRI for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Anticancer research, 2019) Clinical trial publication A phase II clinical study of combining FOLFIRI and bevacizumab plus erlotinib in 2nd-line chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (Medicine, 2017) Clinical trial publication Phase II trial of capecitabine plus erlotinib versus capecitabine alone in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Future oncology (London, England), 2017) Randomized controlled trial A randomized study of KRAS-guided maintenance therapy with bevacizumab, erlotinib or metronomic capecitabine after first-line induction treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the Nordic ACT2 trial (Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ERYTHROMYCIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL 3-BENZOATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL CYPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRADIOL VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRAMUSTINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRAMUSTINE PHOSPHATE SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRIOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ESTRONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHACRYNIC ACID Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHINYL ESTRADIOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHYLESTRENOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETONOGESTREL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ETOPOSIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXEMESTANE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXIFONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FEBUXOSTAT Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENOFIBRATE MICRONIZED Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FENTANYL CITRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FEPRAZONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINASTERIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUCYTOSINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUDARABINE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUDROCORTISONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £6–£10 / 30 tabs (0.1mg) · US $6 / 30 tabs (0.1mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUNISOLIDE ANHYDROUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOROMETHOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOROURACIL Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXYMESTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUPREDNISOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLURANDRENOLIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUSPIRILENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FLUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
FULVESTRANT Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GEFITINIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GEMCITABINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENISTEIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GENTIAN VIOLET CATION Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GESTODENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GLYCYRRHIZIC ACID Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GRISEOFULVIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOBETASOL PROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HALOPROGIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HEXACHLOROPHENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE PROBUTATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE SODIUM SUCCINATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYUREA Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBRUTINIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IBUPROFEN, SODIUM SALT Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK Very low cost OTC/prescription · US Very low cost	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IDARUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDEBENONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMATINIB MESYLATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDINAVIR SULFATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	6 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00473980 — Preoperative Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs(NSAID) to Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02958566 — Multimodal Narcotic Limited Perioperative Pain Control With Colorectal Surgery (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06837831 — Mepilex Lite Dressings for the Treatment of Acute Radiation Dermatitis of Anal Canal Skin (RECRUITING) NA NCT00002796 — Phase I-II Study of Fluorouracil in Combination With Phenylbutyrate in Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05782608 — IV Ibuprofen vs Ketorolac in Post Operative Pain in Colorectal Cancer Surgeries in Obese Patient (COMPLETED) NA NCT01719926 — Phase I Platinum Based Chemotherapy Plus Indomethacin (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Clinical trial publication Receptor and enzyme expression for prostanoid metabolism in colorectal cancer related to tumor tissue PGE2 (International journal of oncology, 2010) Clinical trial publication Preoperative treatment with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) increases tumor tissue infiltration of seemingly activated immune cells in colorectal cancer (Cancer immunity, 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
INTERFERON ALFA-2B Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IOPAMIDOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IPILIMUMAB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOPROPYL UNOPROSTONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOTRETINOIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LACTATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEUPROLIDE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LEVODOPA Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LIOTHYRONINE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07555678 — Chemoradiotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Antibody in Anal Squamous Cell Cancer：Chase (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00003799 — Chemotherapy, Radiation Therapy, and Surgery in Treating Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04695184 — Subjective Near-infrared Fluorescence Guidance in Perfusion Assessment of Ileal Pouch Formation and Ileal-pouch-anal Anastomosis (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05957016 — Neoadjuvant CIETAI With Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Local Advanced Rectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT00023751 — Surgery With or Without Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in TreatingPatients With Stage I Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02140723 — p53 and Response to Preoperative Radiotherapy for T2 and T3 (UNKNOWN) NCT02439008 — Early Biomarkers of Tumor Response in High Dose Hypofractionated Radiotherapy Word Package 3 : Immune Response (TERMINATED) NA NCT01653301 — Preoperative Downstaging of Extraperitoneal T3 Rectal Cancer: XELOXRT Versus XELACRT. A Multicenter, Phase III Study (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
LOPERAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LORACARBEF Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORATADINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£2 / 30 tabs · US $3–$6 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
LOTEPREDNOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LOVASTATIN Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LULICONAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAPROTILINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MASOPROCOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECHLORETHAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEDRYSONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEGESTROL ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MELOXICAM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MELPHALAN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPHOBARBITAL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPREDNISONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESTRANOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHANDROSTENOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLENE BLUE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLTESTOSTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METIPRANOLOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIBEFRADIL DIHYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDAZOLAM HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIFEPRISTONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MILTEFOSINE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MINOCYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOMYCIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MITOTANE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
MOCLOBEMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MOMETASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MORICIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MYCOPHENOLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAFTIFINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
NANDROLONE DECANOATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NANDROLONE PHENPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NELFINAVIR Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICLOSAMIDE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	4 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02519582 — Drug Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Niclosamide Tablets in Patients With Metastases of a Colorectal Cancer Progressing After Therapy (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT02687009 — A Study of Niclosamide in Patients With Resectable Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT01189903 — Clinical Evaluation - A Phase IIA Proof of Concept Study of Regorafenib (Bayer 73-4506) in Biopsy-amenable Asian Colorectal Cancer Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT04296851 — Niclosamide for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of orally applied niclosamide in patients with metachronous or sychronous metastases of a colorectal cancer progressing after therapy: the NIKOLO trial (BMC cancer, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NILOTINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NILOTINIB HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NILUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NINTEDANIB ESYLATE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIRAPARIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIROGACESTAT Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NISOLDIPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NITAZOXANIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NITROFURAZONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIVOLUMAB Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 9 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 40 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03631641 — Nivolumab in Preventing Colon Adenomas in Participants With Lynch Syndrome and a History of Partial Colectomy (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT06011330 — Fruquintinib Plus PD-1 in Refractory MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NCT03879811 — Determining the Effects of Temozolomide Followed by Nivolumab in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT07223424 — Patient Preference for Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immune Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT00441337 — A Study of MDX-1106 in Patients With Selected Refractory or Relapsed Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT04771715 — Regorafenib Plus Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) NCT04599140 — SX-682 and Nivolumab for the Treatment of RAS-Mutated, MSS Unresectable or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, the STOPTRAFFIC-1 Trial (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and risk analysis of monotherapy and dual immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (BMC cancer, 2026) Cochrane review Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer: tumor-intrinsic and immune checkpoint signaling (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2026) Cochrane review Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Microsatellite Instability-High/Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)), 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab monotherapy and combination for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2025) Cochrane review Can Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab be efficiently used against colorectal cancers with defective mismatch repair and high index of microsatellite instability? (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer from the perspective of the healthcare payer (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025) Meta-analysis Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first- and second-line immunotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (Frontiers in immunology, 2024) Meta-analysis Clinical benefits of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (World journal of surgical oncology, 2022) Systematic review Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in MSI-H/dMMR Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Trials Evaluating Efficacy, Pathologic Response, and Surgical Outcomes (Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2025) Clinical trial publication Carcinoembryonic Antigen Flare Under Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy Predicts Benefit from Nivolumab in Metastatic Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer - A Post Hoc Analysis of METIMMOX Trial Data (ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2026) Clinical trial publication Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Solid Tumors With High Tumor Mutation Burden: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study (JCO precision oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication First-line Nivolumab plus FOLFOXIRI/Bevacizumab in advanced RAS/BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer: efficacy, safety and biomarker discovery from the phase II NIVACOR trial (Nature communications, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
NORELGESTROMIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORETHYNODREL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORGESTIMATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORGESTREL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NORTRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
O-PHENANTHROLINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OCTOCRYLENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLAPARIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OMACETAXINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OMACETAXINE MEPESUCCINATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXALIPLATIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
OXANDROLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXAZEPAM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYMETHOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYPHENISATIN ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PACLITAXEL PROTEIN-BOUND Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
PARAMETHASONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAROXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE, HEMIHYDRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PAZOPANIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PEMBROLIZUMAB Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 8 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 42 Trial pubs 14 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06400472 — A Study of LY4170156 in Participants With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT04083599 — GEN1042 Safety Trial and Anti-tumor Activity in Participants With Malignant Solid Tumors (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT05576077 — A Study of TBio-4101 (TIL) and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT06011330 — Fruquintinib Plus PD-1 in Refractory MSS Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NCT04130516 — Study Assessing MTD, Safety, Tolerability, PK and Anti-tumor Effects of LNS8801alone and With Pembrolizumab (RECRUITING) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT07223424 — Patient Preference for Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Immune Therapy (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and risk analysis of monotherapy and dual immunotherapy in dMMR/MSI-H metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (BMC cancer, 2026) Cochrane review Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in colorectal cancer: tumor-intrinsic and immune checkpoint signaling (Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2026) Cochrane review The efficacy of Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, and Nivolumab monotherapy and combination for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PloS one, 2025) Cochrane review Can Pembrolizumab or Nivolumab be efficiently used against colorectal cancers with defective mismatch repair and high index of microsatellite instability? (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2025) Cochrane review The efficacy of targeted therapy and/or immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: A network meta-analysis (European journal of pharmacology, 2025) Meta-analysis A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Current cancer drug targets, 2025) Meta-analysis Cost-utility analysis of pembrolizumab versus nivolumab in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer from the perspective of the healthcare payer (International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2025) Systematic review The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2024) Systematic review Value assessment of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of oesophageal and gastrointestinal cancers (Frontiers in pharmacology, 2023) Clinical trial publication Population Pharmacokinetic, Exposure-Response Efficacy and Safety Analyses of Favezelimab in Patients With Solid Tumors (Clinical and translational science, 2026) Clinical trial publication Neoadjuvant Single-Cycle Pembrolizumab for Stage I-III MMR-Deficient Colon Cancer: The RESET-C Trial (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab Plus Capecitabine and Bevacizumab for Microsatellite Stable/Mismatch Repair-Proficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
PENTAMIDINE ISETHIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERHEXILINE MALEATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERMETHRIN Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENELZINE SULFATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENOBARBITAL Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMOZIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PITAVASTATIN CALCIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PODOFILOX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PONATINIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PONATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZEPAM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNICARBATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PREDNISOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PREDNISOLONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRIMIDONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROBENECID Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROCARBAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROGESTERONE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROMAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIDOSTIGMINE BROMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £15–£25 / 60 tabs · US $20–$35 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMETHAMINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PYRITHIONE ZINC Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PYRVINIUM PAMOATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUININE SULFATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
REGORAFENIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
REPAGLINIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RESERPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RESVERATROL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIFAMPIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIFAMYCIN SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAPENTINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RIMONABANT Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ROCURONIUM BROMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFECOXIB Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RUCAPARIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SALMETEROL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SAQUINAVIR MESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELUMETINIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTINDOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00337545 — Phase II Trial of RAD001 in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00409994 — Safety Study of Rapamycin Administered Before and During Radiotherapy to Treat Rectum Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01637194 — Cetuximab and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Colon Cancer or Head and Neck Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06950385 — Phase 3 Trial of eRapa in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01387880 — Irinotecan, Cetuximab and Everolimus to Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00597506 — Expanded Cohort for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Using Bevacizumab + Everolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication A Phase 1 clinical study of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT00337545 — Phase II Trial of RAD001 in Refractory Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00409994 — Safety Study of Rapamycin Administered Before and During Radiotherapy to Treat Rectum Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT02599324 — Study to Evaluate Ibrutinib Combination Therapy in Patients With Selected Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT00375245 — Rapamycin With Grapefruit Juice for Advanced Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01637194 — Cetuximab and Everolimus in Treating Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Colon Cancer or Head and Neck Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06950385 — Phase 3 Trial of eRapa in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT01387880 — Irinotecan, Cetuximab and Everolimus to Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00597506 — Expanded Cohort for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC) Using Bevacizumab + Everolimus (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication A Phase 1 clinical study of temsirolimus (CCI-779) in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors (Japanese journal of clinical oncology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SORAFENIB Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 16 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00703638 — Sorafenib, Pemetrexed, and Cisplatin in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00134069 — Sorafenib, Cetuximab, and Irinotecan in Treating Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00979329 — Study on the Influence of Sunitinib and Sorafenib on Fatigue, QoL, Depression in Patients With Metastatic RCC or GIST (COMPLETED) NCT00865709 — Study of Modified FOLFOX6 Plus or Minus Sorafenib in Stage IV Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma (mCRC) Subjects (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03251612 — Predictive Value of Drug Sensitivity Testing Tumorspheres From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01471353 — Sorafenib Plus Capecitabine (SorCape) in Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01183663 — Lenalidomide in Combination With Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, Temsirolimus, or 5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00989469 — Sorafenib With Irinotecan in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) and K-RAS Mutation (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Hand-foot skin reaction as a positive prognostic factor in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment (British journal of pharmacology, 2026) Cochrane review Health economic evaluation of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review (Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2020) Cochrane review Risk of treatment-related deaths with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials (OncoTargets and therapy, 2014) Meta-analysis Targeted therapy for solid tumors and risk of hypertension: a meta-analysis of 68077 patients from 93 phase III studies (Expert review of cardiovascular therapy, 2019) Meta-analysis Incidence and relative risk of hepatic toxicity in patients treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors for malignancy (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing for hand-foot skin reaction: J-SUPPORT 1701 APRON trial (Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication Targeting SLC7A11 with sorafenib sensitizes stereotactic body radiotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Activity of Sorafenib Plus Capecitabine in Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (The oncologist, 2021) Clinical trial publication Sorafenib Plus Irinotecan Combination in Patients With RAS-mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Refractory To Standard Combined Chemotherapies: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase 2 Trial (NEXIRI-2/PRODIGE 27) (Clinical colorectal cancer, 2020) Clinical trial publication Monitoring metabolic response using FDG PET-CT during targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2016) Randomized controlled trial Sorafenib in combination with oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (modified FOLFOX6) as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: the RESPECT trial (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SOTALOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SOTATERCEPT Repurposing via ACVR2A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPARFLOXACIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SPIRONOLACTONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
STANOZOLOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFACARBAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFISOXAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SULINDAC Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 10 Trial pubs 9 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00003365 — Sulindac and Plant Compounds in Preventing Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00118365 — Eflornithine and Sulindac in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Colon Polyps (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01187901 — A Clinical Trial of COX and EGFR Inhibition in Familial Polyposis Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00062023 — Comparison of Sulindac, Aspirin, and Ursodiol in Preventing Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT00319007 — Influence of Sulindac and Probiotics on the Development of Pouch Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT01483144 — Trial of Eflornithine Plus Sulindac in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01856322 — Surgery Plus Sulindac or Surgery Alone for Advanced Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT01245816 — A Trial of Low Dose Sulindac Combined With Eflornithine in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) (WITHDRAWN) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Preventive effects of chemical drugs on recurrence of colorectal adenomas: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis (European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2024) Meta-analysis The efficacy of chemopreventive agents on the incidence of colorectal adenomas: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Preventive medicine, 2022) Meta-analysis [Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents for chemoprevention of colorectal polyps: a meta-analysis] (Zhonghua nei ke za zhi, 2004) Systematic review Eflornithine for chemoprevention in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis (Frontiers in oncology, 2023) Systematic review Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin for the prevention of colorectal adenomas and cancer: a systematic review (Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2004) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of eflornithine (CPP-1X)/sulindac combination therapy versus each as monotherapy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): design and rationale of a randomized, double-blind, Phase III trial (BMC gastroenterology, 2016) Clinical trial publication Role of obesity in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) + sulindac for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas (Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2012) Clinical trial publication Randomized double-blind trial of sulindac and etodolac to eradicate aberrant crypt foci and to prevent sporadic colorectal polyps (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2011) Clinical trial publication Randomized phase II trial of sulindac, atorvastatin, and prebiotic dietary fiber for colorectal cancer chemoprevention (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2011) Clinical trial publication Sulindac treatment in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALAZOPARIB Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAMOXIFEN CITRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TANNIC ACID Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELITHROMYCIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TEMOZOLOMIDE Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOLACTONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE CYPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE ENANTHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THIOGUANINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
THIOTEPA Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TIOCONAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TIZANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLVAPTAN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOREMIFENE CITRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04439292 — Testing Trametinib and Dabrafenib as a Potential Targeted Treatment in Cancers With BRAF Genetic Changes (MATCH-Subprotocol H) (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRASTUZUMAB Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 31 Trial pubs 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05395052 — FT536 Monotherapy and in Combination With Monoclonal Antibodies in Advanced Solid Tumors (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT03384940 — DS-8201a in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor2 (HER2)-Expressing Colorectal Cancer (DESTINY-CRC01) (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00006015 — Combination Chemotherapy Plus Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT05253651 — A Study of Tucatinib With Trastuzumab and mFOLFOX6 Versus Standard of Care Treatment in First-line HER2+ Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (RECRUITING) PHASE3 NCT00003995 — Monoclonal Antibody Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer That Overexpresses HER2 (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07216105 — FT836 With or Without Chemotherapy and/or Monoclonal Antibodies, in Participants With Advanced Solid Tumors (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT03843749 — Pyrotinib in Combination With Trastuzumab in Treatment-refractory, HER2-positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancar. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04464967 — Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of SNK01 in Combination With Trastuzumab or Cetuximab in Subjects With Advanced HER2 or EGFR Cancers (WITHDRAWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Biosimilar monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment in adults (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2024) Cochrane review A Meta-Analysis to Assess the Efficacy of HER2-Targeted Treatment Regimens in HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) (Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3 randomized controlled trials (American journal of cancer research, 2023) Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of HER2-targeted inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer with HER2-amplified: A meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Meta-analysis Tissue-Agnostic Targeting in Solid Tumors: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis of Efficacy, Safety, and Resistance Determinants Across Histologies (Oncology research, 2026) Systematic review Diagnosis and treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic literature review (Cancer treatment reviews, 2026) Systematic review Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review (Current opinion in oncology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Trastuzumab Rezetecan in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Expressing Advanced Gastric Cancer or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma and Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Tucatinib plus trastuzumab for chemotherapy-refractory, HER2 + , RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (MOUNTAINEER): final analysis (Nature communications, 2026) Clinical trial publication Pyrotinib Plus Trastuzumab as an Effective Later-Line Therapeutic Strategy for HER2-Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results from a Phase II Study (Drug design, development and therapy, 2025) Clinical trial publication NSABP FC-11: A phase II study of neratinib plus trastuzumab or neratinib plus cetuximab in patients with "quadruple wild-type" (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA) metastatic colorectal cancer based on HER2 status: amplified, non-amplified (wild-type), or mutated (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2025) Clinical trial publication Tucatinib and trastuzumab in HER2-mutated metastatic breast cancer: a phase 2 basket trial (Nature medicine, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TRETINOIN Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIAMCINOLONE DIACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMTERENE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIBROMSALAN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRICLOSAN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRILOSTANE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIPARANOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
UMBRALISIB TOSYLATE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID Repurposing via ATM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VALRUBICIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VANDETANIB Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03291379 — Vandetanib-eluting Radiopaque Embolic Beads in Patients With Resectable Liver Malignancies (COMPLETED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00499850 — Phase I FOLFOX Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00507091 — Phase I Irinotecan, 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin Combination (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00500292 — A Phase II Study of 2 Doses of ZD6474 (Vandetanib) in Combination With FOLFOX vs FOLFOX Alone for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00532909 — Phase I Vandetanib Plus Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin and Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00454116 — A Phase II, Double Blind Study of 2 Doses of ZACTIMA™(ZD6474) in Combination With FOLFIRI vs FOLFIRI Alone for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00436072 — ZD6474, Cetuximab, and Irinotecan in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00496509 — Phase I Efficacy On Vascular Permeability In Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis Incidence and risk of proteinuria associated with newly approved vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: an up-to-date meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Expert review of clinical pharmacology, 2020) Meta-analysis Incidence and relative risk of hepatic toxicity in patients treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors for malignancy (British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Phase I study of cetuximab, irinotecan, and vandetanib (ZD6474) as therapy for patients with previously treated metastastic colorectal cancer (PloS one, 2012) Clinical trial publication A phase I trial of vandetanib combined with capecitabine, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2012) Clinical trial publication Vandetanib with FOLFIRI in patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma: results from an open-label, multicentre Phase I study (Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, 2009) Clinical trial publication Open-label phase I trial of vandetanib in combination with mFOLFOX6 in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (Investigational new drugs, 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
VEMURAFENIB Repurposing via AKT1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VENETOCLAX Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VERAPAMIL Repurposing via BAX	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
VINBLASTINE SULFATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VINCRISTINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VINORELBINE Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	3 trials 3 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03251612 — Predictive Value of Drug Sensitivity Testing Tumorspheres From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01703910 — Study of Individualized Therapies Selection for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma According to the Therapeutic (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03482362 — Vinorelbine in Advanced BRAF-like Colon Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Clinical trial publication Safety and efficacy of lapatinib, binimetinib, and vinorelbine for RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: results of the RASTRIC Phase I/II trial (British journal of cancer, 2026) Clinical trial publication Prolonged Pemetrexed Infusion Plus Gemcitabine in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Preclinical Rationale and Phase II Study Results (The oncologist, 2017) Clinical trial publication A randomized study of chemotherapy versus biochemotherapy with chemotherapy plus Aloe arborescens in patients with metastatic cancer (In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2009) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
VINORELBINE TARTRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN A Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
VITAMIN K3 Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
WARFARIN POTASSIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAFIRLUKAST Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIMAGRUMAB Repurposing via ACVR2A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1086580 Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL:CHEMBL3753077 Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CW85319 Repurposing via AXIN2	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
GSK126 Repurposing via ARID1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ICG-001 Repurposing via APC	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ABL1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

101 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Reishi Natural product EFFECT OF DRY EXTRACT FROM REISHI MUSHROOMS ON THE STATE OF ANTIOXIDANT… Inhibitory activity of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on colorect… Ganoderma tsugae extracts inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth via G(2…	Mushroom	Phase I	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04821258 — Effect of the Nutraceutical "MICODIGEST 2.0" on the Complications After Surgery for Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Folate Natural product Cochrane review Folate exposures and risk of colorectal cancer: an umbrella review of m… Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal ca… Cochrane review Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a s…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 22 Meta-analysis 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00803647 — A Study With Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX7 Plus Cetuximab to Determine the Surgical Conversion Rate for Unresectable Colorectal Cancer With Metastases Confined to the Liver (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00835185 — Study of IMC-11F8 in Participants With Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02965248 — Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Versus no HIPEC in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer (APEC Study) (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00003063 — Biological Therapy With Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00343408 — AZD2171 and Standard Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00467142 — Bevacizumab and Combination Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00613080 — Combination Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00025142 — Gefitinib and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Folate exposures and risk of colorectal cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised controlled trials (BMJ open, 2025) Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review (JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2024) Cochrane review Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Folic acid intake and folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018) Cochrane review Folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis (Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, 2011) Meta-analysis Meta Analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and its association with folate and colorectal cancer (BMC cancer, 2025) Meta-analysis Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2023) Meta-analysis Folate intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis of prospective studies (European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), 2023) Meta-analysis Different dietary fibre sources and risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies (The British journal of nutrition, 2019) Systematic review Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of observational studies (World journal of gastroenterology, 2023) Systematic review Diet as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: A Systematic Review (Frontiers in nutrition, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression with colorectal cancer risk and mortality (European journal of nutrition, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Cochrane review Cleaning effect and tolerance of 16 bowel preparation regimens on adult… Cochrane review Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemi… Cochrane review Infusion of calcium and magnesium for oxaliplatin-induced sensory neuro…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 28 Trial pubs 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01105169 — Precision-Based Magnesium Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT01938300 — Magnesium and Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Colorectal Cancer Surgery (COMPLETED) NA NCT02250196 — A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Low-volume Bowel Preparation Methods (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT07215000 — Cleansing Options in Out-Patient Setting to Improve Tolerance (COOP SIT) Trial (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00873275 — Ursodiol, Combination Chemotherapy, and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05121948 — A Study of HC-7366 to Establish the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT02883790 — Effects of Somnage® in the Management on Sleep and Mood in Cancer Patients (TERMINATED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Cleaning effect and tolerance of 16 bowel preparation regimens on adult patients before colonoscopy: a network meta-analysis (International journal of colorectal disease, 2023) Cochrane review Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies (Nutrition and cancer, 2014) Cochrane review Infusion of calcium and magnesium for oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2012) Meta-analysis A Prospective Diet-Wide Association Study for Risk of Colorectal Cancer in EPIC (Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2022) Meta-analysis Hypomagnesemia and clinical benefits of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Scientific reports, 2018) Meta-analysis Nonlinear association between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2013) Systematic review Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population (Gut, 2020) Clinical trial publication Magnesium treatment increases gut microbiome synthesizing vitamin D and inhibiting colorectal cancer: results from a double-blind precision-based randomized placebo-controlled trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication Adenoma detection rate and tolerability of 2 ultra-low-volume bowel preparations in screening: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial (Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Clinical trial publication Magnesium treatment on methylation changes of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) (Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2021) Clinical trial publication Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS) Predicts Risk of Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Mortality among US Adults (The Journal of nutrition, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Cochrane review Dietary Supplement Use after Cancer Diagnosis in Relation to Total Mort… Cochrane review Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review… Cochrane review Do antioxidants prevent colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 19 Trial pubs 17 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02250196 — A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Low-volume Bowel Preparation Methods (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01426490 — The Effects of Vitamin B-6 Status on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, One-carbon Metabolism and Methylation: Cross-section, Case-control, Intervention and Follow-up Studies in Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05174845 — Real Word Evidence With 1L Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)+ Ascorbic Acid in Iberia (COMPLETED) NCT03146962 — High Dose Vitamin C Intravenous Infusion in Patients With Resectable or Metastatic Solid Tumor Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04592289 — Short-term Outcomes of Full Bowel Preparation (MBP+OA) for Rectal Resections for Cancer Versus MBP Alone (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01550510 — Research Study of IV Vitamin C in Combination With Irinotecan vs Irinotecan Alone for Advanced Colorectal CA (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05592886 — A Novel Oral Synbiotic Formula in Reducing Advanced Adenoma Recurrence and Colorectal Neoplasia-related Bacterial Gene Markers (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Dietary Supplement Use after Cancer Diagnosis in Relation to Total Mortality, Cancer Mortality and Recurrence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrition and cancer, 2021) Cochrane review Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies (International journal of cancer, 2015) Cochrane review Do antioxidants prevent colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis (Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2013) Cochrane review Are medication restrictions before FOBT necessary?: practical advice based on a systematic review of the literature (Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2012) Cochrane review Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2010) Meta-analysis The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Meta-analysis Association between dietary vitamin C intake/blood level and risk of digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (Food & function, 2024) Meta-analysis Dietary intake and cancer incidence in Korean adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (Epidemiology and health, 2023) Meta-analysis Circulating vitamin C and digestive system cancers: Mendelian randomization study (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Systematic review Safety and efficacy of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium supplementation in the oncology setting: A systematic review (Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, 2024) Clinical trial publication Berry supplementation in healthy volunteers modulates gut microbiota, increases fecal polyphenol metabolites and reduces viability of colon cancer cells exposed to fecal water- a randomized controlled trial (The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study of High-Dose Vitamin C Plus FOLFOX ± Bevacizumab versus FOLFOX ± Bevacizumab in Unresectable Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (VITALITY Study) (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review Curcumin as a complementary treatment in oncological therapy: a systema… Cochrane review Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Sys… Systematic review [Therapeutic potential of curcumin in colorectal cancer ‒ A systematic…	Food compound	Phase III	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 15 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00295035 — Phase III Trial of Gemcitabine, Curcumin and Celebrex in Patients With Metastatic Colon Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01490996 — Combining Curcumin With FOLFOX Chemotherapy in Patients With Inoperable Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01294072 — Study Investigating the Ability of Plant Exosomes to Deliver Curcumin to Normal and Colon Cancer Tissue (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01859858 — Effect of Curcumin on Dose Limiting Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan in Patients With Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01333917 — Curcumin Biomarkers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00248053 — Use of Curcumin in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00003365 — Sulindac and Plant Compounds in Preventing Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00745134 — Radiation Therapy and Capecitabine With or Without Curcumin Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Rectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Curcumin as a complementary treatment in oncological therapy: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence (Nutrients, 2024) Systematic review [Therapeutic potential of curcumin in colorectal cancer ‒ A systematic review] (Nutricion hospitalaria, 2026) Systematic review The Potential Role of Curcumin as a Regulator of microRNA in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates), 2025) Clinical trial publication Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in a Randomized Presurgical Trial of Curcumin and Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas (Nutrients, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effects of Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Curcumin Combined with FOLFOX Chemotherapy Is Safe and Tolerable in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in a Randomized Phase IIa Trial (The Journal of nutrition, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Gastroenterology, 2018) Clinical trial publication Curcumin inhibits cancer stem cell phenotypes in ex vivo models of colorectal liver metastases, and is clinically safe and tolerable in combination with FOLFOX chemotherapy (Cancer letters, 2015) Randomized controlled trial Combining curcumin (C3-complex, Sabinsa) with standard care FOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with inoperable colorectal cancer (CUFOX): study protocol for a randomised control trial (Trials, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Creatine Natural product Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic… Systematic review Dermatomyositis and colorectal cancer: a systematic review Clinical trial publication Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS(G12C) mut…	Amino acid	Phase I	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Meta-analysis 6 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03597581 — A Study of RGX-202-01 (Ompenaclid) as Combination Therapy in RAS Mutant Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06420726 — Resistance Exercise and Creatine in Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer (Microbiology spectrum, 2022) Systematic review Dermatomyositis and colorectal cancer: a systematic review (Irish journal of medical science, 2018) Clinical trial publication Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS(G12C) mutation (CodeBreaK100): a prespecified analysis of a single-arm, phase 2 trial (The Lancet. Oncology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Atezolizumab with or without cobimetinib versus regorafenib in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (IMblaze370): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled trial (The Lancet. Oncology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Binimetinib, Encorafenib, and Cetuximab Triplet Therapy for Patients With BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Safety Lead-In Results From the Phase III BEACON Colorectal Cancer Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2019) Clinical trial publication A Single Arm, Phase II Study of Simvastatin Plus XELOX and Bevacizumab as First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (Cancer research and treatment, 2019) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of creatine for the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome (N02C4): an Alliance trial (Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2017) Randomized controlled trial Effects of creatine supplementation on nutritional status, muscle function and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer--a double blind randomised controlled trial (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review Curcumin as a complementary treatment in oncological therapy: a systema… Cochrane review Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Sys… Systematic review [Therapeutic potential of curcumin in colorectal cancer ‒ A systematic…	Food compound	Phase III	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 15 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00295035 — Phase III Trial of Gemcitabine, Curcumin and Celebrex in Patients With Metastatic Colon Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT01490996 — Combining Curcumin With FOLFOX Chemotherapy in Patients With Inoperable Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01294072 — Study Investigating the Ability of Plant Exosomes to Deliver Curcumin to Normal and Colon Cancer Tissue (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01859858 — Effect of Curcumin on Dose Limiting Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Irinotecan in Patients With Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01333917 — Curcumin Biomarkers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00248053 — Use of Curcumin in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Patients (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT00003365 — Sulindac and Plant Compounds in Preventing Colon Cancer (TERMINATED) NA NCT00745134 — Radiation Therapy and Capecitabine With or Without Curcumin Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Rectal Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Curcumin as a complementary treatment in oncological therapy: a systematic review (European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2025) Cochrane review Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence (Nutrients, 2024) Systematic review [Therapeutic potential of curcumin in colorectal cancer ‒ A systematic review] (Nutricion hospitalaria, 2026) Systematic review The Potential Role of Curcumin as a Regulator of microRNA in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (MicroRNA (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates), 2025) Clinical trial publication Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in a Randomized Presurgical Trial of Curcumin and Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas (Nutrients, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effects of Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2021) Clinical trial publication Curcumin Combined with FOLFOX Chemotherapy Is Safe and Tolerable in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in a Randomized Phase IIa Trial (The Journal of nutrition, 2019) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin in Treatment of Intestinal Adenomas in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (Gastroenterology, 2018) Clinical trial publication Curcumin inhibits cancer stem cell phenotypes in ex vivo models of colorectal liver metastases, and is clinically safe and tolerable in combination with FOLFOX chemotherapy (Cancer letters, 2015) Randomized controlled trial Combining curcumin (C3-complex, Sabinsa) with standard care FOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with inoperable colorectal cancer (CUFOX): study protocol for a randomised control trial (Trials, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal ca… Cochrane review Selenium levels in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-anal… Cochrane review The Role of rs713041 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) Single Nucleotide…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 8 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 17 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT00625183 — Capecitabine, Oxaliplatin, Selenomethionine, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery For Newly Diagnosed Stage II or III Rectal Adenocarcinoma (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT04824053 — Effects of UNICLA-A2 Dairy Products on Patients at High-risk of Colorectal Cancer Development (RECRUITING) NA NCT01211561 — Colon Cancer Prevention Using Selenium (UNKNOWN) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT00706121 — S0000D: Effect of Vitamin E and/or Selenium on Colorectal Polyps in Men Enrolled on SELECT Trial SWOG-S0000 (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01437826 — Antioxidant Supplement and Reduction of Metachronous Adenomas of the Large Bowel: a Double Blind Randomized Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT05472753 — Dietary Supplement on the Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Colon Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT00078897 — Selenium for Prevention of Adenomatous Colorectal Polyps (TERMINATED) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review (JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2024) Cochrane review Selenium levels in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of serum, plasma, and colorectal specimens (Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2024) Cochrane review The Role of rs713041 Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Disease Susceptibility in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (International journal of molecular sciences, 2022) Cochrane review Selenium for preventing cancer (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018) Cochrane review Do antioxidants prevent colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis (Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2013) Meta-analysis Low level of selenium predicts high incidence of colorectal cancer (BMC public health, 2026) Meta-analysis Selenium Exposure and Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis and Meta-regression (Scientific reports, 2016) Systematic review Safety and efficacy of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium supplementation in the oncology setting: A systematic review (Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, 2024) Systematic review Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population (Gut, 2020) Clinical trial publication A Protective Role for Arachidonic Acid Metabolites against Advanced Colorectal Adenoma in a Phase III Trial of Selenium (Nutrients, 2021) Clinical trial publication Supplementation with Brazil nuts and green tea extract regulates targeted biomarkers related to colorectal cancer risk in humans (The British journal of nutrition, 2016) Clinical trial publication Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Creatine Natural product Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic… Systematic review Dermatomyositis and colorectal cancer: a systematic review Clinical trial publication Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS(G12C) mut…	Amino acid	Phase I	Emerging	13	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Meta-analysis 6 Trial pubs 4 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03597581 — A Study of RGX-202-01 (Ompenaclid) as Combination Therapy in RAS Mutant Advanced Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06420726 — Resistance Exercise and Creatine in Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis of Altered Gut Microbiota Reveals Microbial and Metabolic Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer (Microbiology spectrum, 2022) Systematic review Dermatomyositis and colorectal cancer: a systematic review (Irish journal of medical science, 2018) Clinical trial publication Sotorasib for previously treated colorectal cancers with KRAS(G12C) mutation (CodeBreaK100): a prespecified analysis of a single-arm, phase 2 trial (The Lancet. Oncology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Atezolizumab with or without cobimetinib versus regorafenib in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (IMblaze370): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled trial (The Lancet. Oncology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Binimetinib, Encorafenib, and Cetuximab Triplet Therapy for Patients With BRAF V600E-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Safety Lead-In Results From the Phase III BEACON Colorectal Cancer Study (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2019) Clinical trial publication A Single Arm, Phase II Study of Simvastatin Plus XELOX and Bevacizumab as First-Line Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (Cancer research and treatment, 2019) Clinical trial publication A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of creatine for the cancer anorexia/weight loss syndrome (N02C4): an Alliance trial (Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology, 2017) Randomized controlled trial Effects of creatine supplementation on nutritional status, muscle function and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer--a double blind randomised controlled trial (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Higher dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated to a dec… Meta Analysis, Review Meta-analysis demonstrates a clinically meaningful benefit of vitamin D… Meta Analysis Review: there is a consistently strong inverse correlations with solar…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05387876 — Vitamin D Intervention and Associated Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Vitamin D Levels in Healthy Adults (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07241247 — Evaluation the of Role of Vitamin D Supplement on Tumor Response, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Patients With Stage II or III Colorectal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy. (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05036109 — DAILY: Vitamin D, Aspirin, ExercIse, Low Saturated Fat Foods StudY in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Minimal Residual Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT01074216 — Vitamin D Levels in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00399607 — Calcium/Vitamin D, Biomarkers & Colon Polyp Prevention (COMPLETED) NCT03370432 — Vitamin D, Genes and Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NCT01574027 — Efficacy of Vitamin D in Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07653737 — Immunonutrition for Prehabilitation of Patients With Colorectal Cancer Before Surgery (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Garlic Natural product Randomized controlled trial Fruit and vegetable intake and prevalence of colorectal adenoma in a ca… Randomized controlled trial [Cancer prevention in familial cancer] Meta Analysis Garlic intake could reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 Cochrane 2 RCT View evidence Published literature Randomized controlled trial Fruit and vegetable intake and prevalence of colorectal adenoma in a cancer screening trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2007) Randomized controlled trial [Cancer prevention in familial cancer] (Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy, 2002) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Cochrane review Cleaning effect and tolerance of 16 bowel preparation regimens on adult… Cochrane review Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemi… Cochrane review Infusion of calcium and magnesium for oxaliplatin-induced sensory neuro…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 3 Cochrane 9 Meta-analysis 28 Trial pubs 23 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01105169 — Precision-Based Magnesium Trial (COMPLETED) NA NCT01938300 — Magnesium and Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) in Colorectal Cancer Surgery (COMPLETED) NA NCT02250196 — A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Low-volume Bowel Preparation Methods (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT07215000 — Cleansing Options in Out-Patient Setting to Improve Tolerance (COOP SIT) Trial (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT00873275 — Ursodiol, Combination Chemotherapy, and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Stage IV Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05121948 — A Study of HC-7366 to Establish the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) (TERMINATED) PHASE1 NCT02883790 — Effects of Somnage® in the Management on Sleep and Mood in Cancer Patients (TERMINATED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Cleaning effect and tolerance of 16 bowel preparation regimens on adult patients before colonoscopy: a network meta-analysis (International journal of colorectal disease, 2023) Cochrane review Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies (Nutrition and cancer, 2014) Cochrane review Infusion of calcium and magnesium for oxaliplatin-induced sensory neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990), 2012) Meta-analysis A Prospective Diet-Wide Association Study for Risk of Colorectal Cancer in EPIC (Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2022) Meta-analysis Hypomagnesemia and clinical benefits of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Scientific reports, 2018) Meta-analysis Nonlinear association between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2013) Systematic review Recent advances in clinical practice: colorectal cancer chemoprevention in the average-risk population (Gut, 2020) Clinical trial publication Magnesium treatment increases gut microbiome synthesizing vitamin D and inhibiting colorectal cancer: results from a double-blind precision-based randomized placebo-controlled trial (The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication Adenoma detection rate and tolerability of 2 ultra-low-volume bowel preparations in screening: a noninferiority randomized controlled trial (Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2025) Clinical trial publication Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Clinical trial publication Magnesium treatment on methylation changes of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) (Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2021) Clinical trial publication Magnesium Depletion Score (MDS) Predicts Risk of Systemic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Mortality among US Adults (The Journal of nutrition, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Ginger Natural product Human Study Aromatherapy with light Thai massage can be beneficial for the immune s… Human Study Ginger may have an inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer-associated ta…	Botanical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT04690283 — Yiqi Wenjing Prescriptions Preventive Efficacy of Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy Clinical Trial (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT04810299 — Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Symptom Control (COMPLETED) NA NCT02621658 — Clear Liquid vs Liberalized Diet in Preparation for Colonoscopy (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07315412 — Chewing Gum Flavors to Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After PIPAC (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT01344538 — Ginger for Colorectal Cancer Prevention (COMPLETED) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Cochrane review Dietary Supplement Use after Cancer Diagnosis in Relation to Total Mort… Cochrane review Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review… Cochrane review Do antioxidants prevent colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 11 Meta-analysis 19 Trial pubs 17 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02250196 — A Randomized Prospective Trial Comparing Low-volume Bowel Preparation Methods (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01426490 — The Effects of Vitamin B-6 Status on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, One-carbon Metabolism and Methylation: Cross-section, Case-control, Intervention and Follow-up Studies in Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05174845 — Real Word Evidence With 1L Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)+ Ascorbic Acid in Iberia (COMPLETED) NCT03146962 — High Dose Vitamin C Intravenous Infusion in Patients With Resectable or Metastatic Solid Tumor Malignancies (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT04592289 — Short-term Outcomes of Full Bowel Preparation (MBP+OA) for Rectal Resections for Cancer Versus MBP Alone (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01550510 — Research Study of IV Vitamin C in Combination With Irinotecan vs Irinotecan Alone for Advanced Colorectal CA (TERMINATED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT05592886 — A Novel Oral Synbiotic Formula in Reducing Advanced Adenoma Recurrence and Colorectal Neoplasia-related Bacterial Gene Markers (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Dietary Supplement Use after Cancer Diagnosis in Relation to Total Mortality, Cancer Mortality and Recurrence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrition and cancer, 2021) Cochrane review Dietary supplement use and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies (International journal of cancer, 2015) Cochrane review Do antioxidants prevent colorectal cancer? A meta-analysis (Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne, 2013) Cochrane review Are medication restrictions before FOBT necessary?: practical advice based on a systematic review of the literature (Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2012) Cochrane review Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: systematic review and economic evaluation (Health technology assessment (Winchester, England), 2010) Meta-analysis The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Meta-analysis Association between dietary vitamin C intake/blood level and risk of digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (Food & function, 2024) Meta-analysis Dietary intake and cancer incidence in Korean adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (Epidemiology and health, 2023) Meta-analysis Circulating vitamin C and digestive system cancers: Mendelian randomization study (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2022) Systematic review Safety and efficacy of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium supplementation in the oncology setting: A systematic review (Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, 2024) Clinical trial publication Berry supplementation in healthy volunteers modulates gut microbiota, increases fecal polyphenol metabolites and reduces viability of colon cancer cells exposed to fecal water- a randomized controlled trial (The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2025) Clinical trial publication A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study of High-Dose Vitamin C Plus FOLFOX ± Bevacizumab versus FOLFOX ± Bevacizumab in Unresectable Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (VITALITY Study) (Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Calcium Natural product Clinical trial publication A Prospective Comparison of Azilsartan and Amlodipine for Bevacizumab-i… Clinical trial publication Dietary climate impact correlates ambiguously with health biomarkers- a… Clinical trial publication Plasma Concentrations of Multiple Oxysterols and Risk of Colorectal Ade…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 111 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT02965248 — Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Versus no HIPEC in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer (APEC Study) (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00003063 — Biological Therapy With Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00343408 — AZD2171 and Standard Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00026234 — Hepatic Arterial Infusion Plus Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Colorectal Cancer Metastatic to the Liver (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00467142 — Bevacizumab and Combination Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00025142 — Gefitinib and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06447662 — A Study to Learn About the Study Medicine PF-07934040 When Given Alone or With Other Anti-cancer Therapies in People With Advanced Solid Tumors That Have a Genetic Mutation. (RECRUITING) PHASE1 NCT03504618 — Research on the Treatment of Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients Treated by FOLFOXIRI (COMPLETED) Published literature Clinical trial publication A Prospective Comparison of Azilsartan and Amlodipine for Bevacizumab-induced Hypertension and Proteinuria in Colorectal Cancer (In vivo (Athens, Greece), 2026) Clinical trial publication Dietary climate impact correlates ambiguously with health biomarkers- a randomised controlled trial in healthy Finnish adults (European journal of nutrition, 2025) Clinical trial publication Plasma Concentrations of Multiple Oxysterols and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2024) Clinical trial publication Oxaliplatin Added to Fluoropyrimidine/Bevacizumab as Initial Therapy for Unresectable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients: A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Phase III Trial (JCOG1018) (Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Long-Term Effect of Randomization to Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Health in Older Women : Postintervention Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial (Annals of internal medicine, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Systematic review The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) as a complementary in color… Systematic review Comparative Effects of Different Nutritional Supplements on Inflammatio… Systematic review The Impact of Preoperative Immune Modulating Nutrition on Outcomes in P…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT01831310 — Nutrition for Colorectal Cancer Patients and Neutrophil Functions (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03169777 — QUILT-3.050: NANT Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Vaccine: Combination Immunotherapy in Subjects With Recurrent or Metastatic CRC (WITHDRAWN) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT06128798 — Effect of Preoperative Immunonutrition Versus Standard Oral Nutrition in Patient Undergoing Colorectal Surgery. (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01070355 — Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03806426 — Effect of EPA-FFA on Polypectomy in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT02534389 — Fish Oil Supplement in Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT00168987 — Influence of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Functional State and Quality of Life in Malnourished Patients With Gastroenterological Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03751384 — Improvement of Compliance for High Doses of EPA Amongst Patients With Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Systematic review The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) as a complementary in colorectal cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2024) Systematic review Comparative Effects of Different Nutritional Supplements on Inflammation, Nutritional Status, and Clinical Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2023) Systematic review The Impact of Preoperative Immune Modulating Nutrition on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Annals of surgery, 2019) Systematic review Nutritional modulators of ulcerative colitis: clinical efficacies and mechanistic view (World journal of gastroenterology, 2013) Systematic review Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk: a systematic review (JAMA, 2006) Randomized controlled trial Impact of Immunonutrition on Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (Nutrition and cancer, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Co-Supplementation on Inflammatory Factors and Tumor Marker CEA in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (Nutrition and cancer, 2020) Randomized controlled trial Long-term outcomes after perioperative treatment with omega-3 fatty acid supplements in colorectal cancer (BJS open, 2020) Randomized controlled trial Randomized Study Design to Test Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as Adjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients (Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2020) Randomized controlled trial Effect of Supplementation With Marine ω-3 Fatty Acid on Risk of Colorectal Adenomas and Serrated Polyps in the US General Population: A Prespecified Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA oncology, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Cochrane review Folate exposures and risk of colorectal cancer: an umbrella review of m… Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal ca… Cochrane review Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a s…	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 5 Cochrane 22 Meta-analysis 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00803647 — A Study With Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX7 Plus Cetuximab to Determine the Surgical Conversion Rate for Unresectable Colorectal Cancer With Metastases Confined to the Liver (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00835185 — Study of IMC-11F8 in Participants With Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT02965248 — Adjuvant Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) Versus no HIPEC in Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer (APEC Study) (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00003063 — Biological Therapy With Combination Chemotherapy in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT00343408 — AZD2171 and Standard Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT00467142 — Bevacizumab and Combination Chemotherapy as First-Line Therapy in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00613080 — Combination Chemotherapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00025142 — Gefitinib and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Cochrane review Folate exposures and risk of colorectal cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised controlled trials (BMJ open, 2025) Cochrane review Associations between diet and nutritional supplements and colorectal cancer: A systematic review (JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2024) Cochrane review Association between dietary factors and colorectal serrated polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in nutrition, 2023) Cochrane review Folic acid intake and folate status and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018) Cochrane review Folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis (Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, 2011) Meta-analysis Meta Analysis of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and its association with folate and colorectal cancer (BMC cancer, 2025) Meta-analysis Field Synopsis of Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors of Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenoma (Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2023) Meta-analysis Folate intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis of prospective studies (European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation (ECP), 2023) Meta-analysis Different dietary fibre sources and risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies (The British journal of nutrition, 2019) Systematic review Influence of methyl donor nutrients as epigenetic regulators in colorectal cancer: A systematic review of observational studies (World journal of gastroenterology, 2023) Systematic review Diet as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: A Systematic Review (Frontiers in nutrition, 2022) Randomized controlled trial Association of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression with colorectal cancer risk and mortality (European journal of nutrition, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Meta-analysis The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer an… Meta-analysis Link between risk of colorectal cancer and serum vitamin E levels: A me… Meta-analysis Vitamin and multiple-vitamin supplement intake and incidence of colorec…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 6 Cochrane 10 Meta-analysis 18 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07341217 — Chemo Brain Prehab Project (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05771181 — Vitamin E Combined With Fruquintinib and Tislelizumab in Microsatellite Stabilized Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT02231203 — Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Perioperative Immune Response and Erythrocyte Function (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT02473302 — Preventive Strategies in Colorectal Carcinogenesis Production and Meat Processing (COMPLETED) NA NCT00706121 — S0000D: Effect of Vitamin E and/or Selenium on Colorectal Polyps in Men Enrolled on SELECT Trial SWOG-S0000 (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT01437826 — Antioxidant Supplement and Reduction of Metachronous Adenomas of the Large Bowel: a Double Blind Randomized Trial (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT03416777 — Meat-based Versus Pesco-vegetarian Diet and Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT00905918 — Vitamin E Supplements in Treating Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Meta-analysis The association between vitamin C and breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2025) Meta-analysis Link between risk of colorectal cancer and serum vitamin E levels: A meta-analysis of case-control studies (Medicine, 2017) Meta-analysis Vitamin and multiple-vitamin supplement intake and incidence of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies (Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2015) Systematic review Vitamin E and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses (Nutrients, 2023) Systematic review Safety and efficacy of Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and selenium supplementation in the oncology setting: A systematic review (Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners, 2024) Randomized controlled trial Berry supplementation in healthy volunteers modulates gut microbiota, increases fecal polyphenol metabolites and reduces viability of colon cancer cells exposed to fecal water- a randomized controlled trial (The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2025) Randomized controlled trial Delta tocotrienol as a supplement to FOLFOXIRI in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study (Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2023) Randomized controlled trial Effect of Subcutaneous Sterile Vitamin E Ointment on Incisional Surgical Site Infection after Elective Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery (Surgical infections, 2017) Randomized controlled trial Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention (Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2017) Randomized controlled trial Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Defenses and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: a Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Randomized Trial (Biological trace element research, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Lutein Natural product Human Study A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decre… Meta Analysis High intake of flavonols may reduce the risk of colon cancer and high i… Human Study FOLFOX4 results in extraordinarily high rates of adverse reactions: per…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	28 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Berberine Natural product Systematic review Berberine-gut microbiota interactions based on CiteSpace: current resea… Meta Analysis, Review Efficacy and safety of berberine in preventing recurrence of colorectal… Human Study Berberine was safe and effective in reducing the risk of recurrence of…	Botanical	Phase III	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 3 Cochrane 2 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06629051 — 6-year Follow-up Data After the Berberine Intervention Trial (RECRUITING) NCT02365480 — Berberine Chloride in Preventing Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Remission (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT03281096 — A Research of Berberine Hydrochloride to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas in Patients With Previous Colorectal Cancer (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT07519681 — Effects of Berberine on the Human Gut Microbiome (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Systematic review Berberine-gut microbiota interactions based on CiteSpace: current research status and hotspots (Frontiers in microbiology, 2026) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Egcg Natural product Human Study A combination of apigenin and EGCG prevent colorectal cancer recurrence. Human Study Green tea extracts reduce the size and incidence of recurrence of color… Human Study Increased consumption of green tea might be helpful to reduce the risk…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Sulforaphane Natural product Human Study Sulforaphane has a novel chemopreventive mechanism in human colon cance…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Quercetin Natural product Meta Analysis High intake of flavonols may reduce the risk of colon cancer and high i… Human Study The combination of curcumin and quercetin appears to reduce the number…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Black Seed Oil Natural product Human Study A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decre…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Probiotics Natural product Human Study A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decre… Human Study A lacto probiotic product reduced up to 79.82% the induction of aberran… Human Study Intake of Bifidobacterium longum and Fructo-oligosaccharides prevents c…	Probiotic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Niacin Natural product Meta Analysis Colorectal cancer was associated with a lower concentration of serum vi… Meta Analysis, Review Higher dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D are associated to a dec… Meta Analysis, Review Meta-analysis demonstrates a clinically meaningful benefit of vitamin D…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Silymarin Natural product Human Study Oral silibinin, an IGF-1 binder, may result in lowered IGF-1 levels in… Human Study Silymarin is a potential effective supplementation for reducing toxicit…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Ginseng Natural product Human Study High coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of colorect… Human Study Korean red ginseng for cancer-related fatigue in colorectal cancer pati…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Astragalus Natural product Meta Analysis Specific combinations of traditional medicines appeared to produce high…	TCM herb	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Imatinib Natural product Secondary malignancies in chronic myeloid leukemia patients after imati… Will targeted therapy hold its promise? An evidence-based review	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Genistein Natural product Soy protein containing isoflavones does not decrease colorectal epithel…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Lestaurtinib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Alvocidib Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Staurosporine Natural product Role of disulfidptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma: implications for p… A new TGF-β risk score predicts clinical and immune landscape in colore… Bioinformatics screening of colorectal-cancer causing molecular signatu…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
9-benzyl-9h-adenine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
7H-adenine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Natural product Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer: Long-Term Findings From… Randomized Trial Evaluation of the Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hor… Menopausal hormone therapy and health outcomes during the intervention…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Progesterone Natural product Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in general population and high-ris… Endogenous Circulating Sex Hormone Concentrations and Colon Cancer Risk… Hormone therapy in the postmenopausal years: considering benefits and r…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Prednisolone Natural product Complete pathologic response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy for mismat… Spontaneous Regression of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Following Discon… Improvement of Steroid-Dependent Encephalopathy Clinically Diagnosed as…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Stanolone Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Mifepristone Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Thiourea Natural product Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics of 4-Thiazol… Dual-Functional Silicon-Based Nanofluorescent Platform for Iron Detecti… Urea and Thiourea Derivatives of Salinomycin as Agents Targeting Malign…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Dactolisib Natural product BCL-2 Family Inhibition Enhances mTORC1/2 Inhibition in PIK3CA-Mutant C… The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of the combination of diosmin… Quantitative Size-Based Analysis of Tumor Spheroids and Responses to Th…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Indigotindisulfonate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Sb590885 Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
2-methyl-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trienyl]chroman-6-ol Natural product Human Study A lacto probiotic product reduced up to 79.82% the induction of aberran…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Flavonoids Natural product Meta Analysis "Dietary flavonoid for preventing colorectal neoplasms." Meta Analysis High intake of flavonols may reduce the risk of colon cancer and high i… Human Study A combination of apigenin and EGCG prevent colorectal cancer recurrence.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Coffee Natural product Meta Analysis Coffee intake was associated with reduced risk of oral, pharynx, liver,… Human Study Coffee consumption was associated with 26% lower odds of developing col… Human Study Coffee drinking is associated with a lower risk of colorectal, liver, f…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ginsenosides Natural product Meta Analysis, Review A meta-analysis of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with chemotherapy for diges…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Apples Natural product Meta Analysis Consumption of apples is associated with a reduced risk of cancer in di… Human Study The consumption of apples is inversely related to the risk of colorecta… Human Study The regular consumption of apples reduces colorectal cancer risk.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Yoghurt Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Higher yogurt consumption is associated with lower risk of colorectal c… Human Study A lacto probiotic product reduced up to 79.82% the induction of aberran… Human Study Intake of Bifidobacterium longum and Fructo-oligosaccharides prevents c…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Vegetables: All Natural product Human Study Allium vegetables are associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Human Study Flavonoids from vegetables and fruits may be linked with the reduced ri… Human Study High consumption of vegetable and fruit colour groups is inversely asso…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Catechin Natural product Human Study A combination of apigenin and EGCG prevent colorectal cancer recurrence.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Aloe Vera Natural product Human Study Aloe significantly improves chemotherapy treatment coutcomes in patient…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fruit: All Natural product Human Study Flavonoids from vegetables and fruits may be linked with the reduced ri… Human Study High consumption of vegetable and fruit colour groups is inversely asso…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Apigenin Natural product Meta Analysis High intake of flavonols may reduce the risk of colon cancer and high i… Human Study A combination of apigenin and EGCG prevent colorectal cancer recurrence.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Nuts Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Nut consumption was significantly associated with a reduced risk of can… Human Study Higher consumption of nuts may be associated with a significantly reduc… Human Study Supplementation with Brazil nuts and green tea extract regulates target…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Black Currant Natural product Human Study A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decre…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lactoferrin Natural product Human Study A blackcurrant product regulated the microbiota of volunteers and decre… Human Study Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the growth of adeno…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Medicinal Mushrooms Natural product Human Study A dietary supplement with Agaricus sylvaticus fungus is capable of impr…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Wheat Germ Natural product Human Study A fermented wheat germ extract significantly improves the outcome of pa… Human Study Consumption of wheatgrass juice during chemotherapy may reduce vascular… Human Study Fermented wheat germ has therapeutic value in the treatment of colorect…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Wheat Grass Natural product Human Study A fermented wheat germ extract significantly improves the outcome of pa… Human Study Consumption of wheatgrass juice during chemotherapy may reduce vascular… Human Study Fermented wheat germ has therapeutic value in the treatment of colorect…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Beans: All Natural product Human Study Dry bean consumption may be inversely associated with advanced adenoma… Human Study Navy beans impact the stool metabolome and metabolic pathways for colon…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ginseng (Korean) Natural product Human Study High coffee consumption may be associated with a lower risk of colorect… Human Study Korean red ginseng for cancer-related fatigue in colorectal cancer pati…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lactococcus Lactis Natural product Human Study Lactococcus lactis HkyuLL 10 suppresses colorectal tumourigenesis and r…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fucoidan Natural product Human Study Low-molecular-weight fucoidan combined with chemotarget agents signific…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Silibinin Natural product Human Study Oral silibinin, an IGF-1 binder, may result in lowered IGF-1 levels in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Curcumol Natural product Human Study Therapeutic targets and functions of curcumol against COVID-19 and colo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Turkey Tail Mushroom Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bromelain Natural product Combined Treatment of Sodium Butyrate and Bromelain Enhanced Anticancer… Cytotoxic properties of unfractionated and fractionated bromelain alone… Bromelain inhibits the ability of colorectal cancer cells to proliferat…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Polyphenols Natural product Chemoprophylaxis effect of EGCG on various digestive system diseases: a… Modulating Strategies of the Intestinal Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Berry supplementation in healthy volunteers modulates gut microbiota, i…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Apple Polyphenols Natural product Meta Analysis Consumption of apples is associated with a reduced risk of cancer in di… Human Study The consumption of apples is inversely related to the risk of colorecta… Human Study The regular consumption of apples reduces colorectal cancer risk.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Antineoplaston AS2-1 (4:1 mixture of phenylacetic acid and phenylacetylglutamine) Natural product Human Study Antineoplastons (A10 Injection and AS2-1) might be useful as adjunctive…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Emodin Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ferulic Acid Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Glycyrrhizin Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Patchouli Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Capsaicin Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Anthocyanins Natural product Meta Analysis Anthocyanin consumption and risk of colorectal cancer.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Kefir Natural product Meta Analysis, Review Bioactive compounds from kefir and their potential benefits on health.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.