Coeliac Disease (Refractory / RCD)

Disease overview

Alterations

103

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

Via biomarker

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, PubMed NP, ClinicalTrials.gov NP, ChEMBL NP · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

No spontaneous remission — autoimmune injury continues as long as gluten is consumed; villous atrophy persists in 30-40% at 5 years even on gluten-free diet (GFD) due to cross-contamination

Best-intervention remission

Strict gluten-free diet: histological remission (Marsh 0-1) in 60-70% at 2 years; mucosal healing complete in only ~40% at 5 years; non-responsive celiac in 7-30% (defined as persistent symptoms/histology on strict GFD)

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Moderate — GFD is effective but imperfect; adherence is the primary barrier; and no pharmacotherapy exists for GFD non-responders

Primary barrier

framing/biological

Barrier detail: The GFD is the only treatment and no pharmacotherapy is approved, leaving 7-30% of non-responsive/refractory patients without additional options; even 'strict' adherence fails to achieve mucosal healing in a large minority due to food labelling gaps and cross-contamination; quality of life impact of GFD is substantial; refractory celiac disease Type II (RCDII) has very poor prognosis

Last SoC change: 2023 — FALCATA Phase 3 (larazotide, tight junction modulator) — failed primary endpoint; 2023 ATLAS Phase 2 (latiglutenase, gluten-degrading enzyme) — some histological benefit; GFD has been the only treatment since celiac disease was first described in 1950s; no pharmacotherapy approved to date

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005130

Alterations

103 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
SH2B3 SH2B adaptor protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.65	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL12A interleukin 12A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NCF2 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RGS1 regulator of G protein signaling 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LPP LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TAGAP T cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBASH3A ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCR1 C-C motif chemokine receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ETS1 ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ELMO1 engulfment and cell motility 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN22 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.40	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CARMIL1 capping protein regulator and myosin 1 linker 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.39	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCR3 C-C motif chemokine receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.38	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CIITA class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.37	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCR2 C-C motif chemokine receptor 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLT3 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARMC12 armadillo repeat containing 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NLRP5 NLR family pyrin domain containing 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BACH2 BACH transcriptional regulator 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LTBR lymphotoxin beta receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPRK protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type K	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IRF4 interferon regulatory factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
VWA7 von Willebrand factor A domain containing 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PUS10 pseudouridine synthase 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FANCE FA complementation group E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
THEMIS thymocyte selection associated	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IP6K3 inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.34	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BMS1 BMS1 ribosome biogenesis factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.33	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HS3ST4 heparan sulfate-glucosamine 3-sulfotransferase 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.33	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
STAT4 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.33	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NLGN1 neuroligin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.33	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFSF15 TNF superfamily member 15	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTPN2 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL2RA interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FASLG Fas ligand	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TNFRSF14 TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.31	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRSN1 neurensin 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.31	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FRMD4B FERM domain containing 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.31	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKS1A ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.31	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RTRAF RNA transcription, translation and transport factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.31	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TFCP2L1 transcription factor CP2 like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.30	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD28 CD28 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.30	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF704 zinc finger protein 704	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.30	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ITGA4 integrin subunit alpha 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.30	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL21 interleukin 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGTPBP1 ATP/GTP binding carboxypeptidase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADGRL2 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ENPP6 ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SMAD3 SMAD family member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TMEM179 transmembrane protein 179	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.29	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PCSK2 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MLN motilin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BLTP1 bridge-like lipid transfer protein family member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGER4 prostaglandin E receptor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL18R1 interleukin 18 receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC3A1 solute carrier family 3 member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RIOK2 RIO kinase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AFF3 ALF transcription elongation factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL23R interleukin 23 receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF729 zinc finger protein 729	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CHST11 carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARHGEF3 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NFIA nuclear factor I A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPARD peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGF2BP3 insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPRED2 sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRB3 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GPR149 G protein-coupled receptor 149	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.24	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
INO80D INO80 complex subunit D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.24	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TBK1 TANK binding kinase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.24	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCHIP1 schwannomin interacting protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL18RAP interleukin 18 receptor accessory protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRP1B LDL receptor related protein 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NKX2-3 NK2 homeobox 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.22	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SEMA5B semaphorin 5B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.21	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLITRK6 SLIT and NTRK like family member 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.21	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
UBE2E3 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 E3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.21	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPG5 ectopic P-granules 5 autophagy tethering factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.20	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
S100Z S100 calcium binding protein Z	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKRD55 ankyrin repeat domain 55	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AKR1B10 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
P4HA3 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAST4 microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SPDEF SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGGY FGGY carbohydrate kinase domain containing	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDH20 cadherin 20	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDGFD platelet derived growth factor D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NRXN3 neurexin 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF76 zinc finger protein 76	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AGBL1 AGBL carboxypeptidase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RTN1 reticulon 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARHGAP32 Rho GTPase activating protein 32	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RFX7 regulatory factor X7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.17	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
OLIG3 oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.16	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MMEL1 membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.16	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ATG16L1 autophagy related 16 like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.15	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EPHA6 EPH receptor A6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.14	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKS1B ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain containing 1B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.13	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Presence, severity and morphologic characteristic of anemia	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Radiation exposure (duration)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
quality of life	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMISULPRIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03152487 — Trial Comparing EUS-guided Radiofrequency Ablation vs. EUS-guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (COMPLETED) NA NCT06160323 — Upfront EUS CGN/CPN vs Conventional Step up Approach for Inoperable Painful Pancreatic Cancer (RECRUITING) NA NCT04951804 — EUS-CPN With and Without Bupivacaine (RECRUITING) NA NCT01913574 — Efficacy Study of Acupuncture to Treat the Upper Abdominal Pain of Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT03886298 — Radiofrequency Splanchnic Denervation Versus Retrocrural Neurolytic Celiac Block for Pancreatic Cancer Pain (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00974948 — Trial of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03770247 — Intraoperative Versus CT Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT06316908 — Permanent Celiac Plexus Block: Comparison of Pain Score in Unilateral and Bilateral Posterior Percutaneous Approach (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02805816 — Choosing a Preferred Serology Kit for Screening and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLRESTAT Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLITELIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LARAZOTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LATIGLUTENASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORDESEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERCIRNON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAMAGLUTENASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZED-1227	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AJ-292 Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HEROIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OLEANOLIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMIK-BETA-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETESICATIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHYTONADIONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRYPTOPHAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Sources	Links
AMLITELIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LARAZOTIDE ACETATE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LATIGLUTENASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORDESEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VERCIRNON	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAMAGLUTENASE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZED-1227	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GUSELKUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMIK-BETA-1	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PETESICATIB	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHYTONADIONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIFAXIMIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRYPTOPHAN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMISULPRIDE Repurposing via ANKS1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBACHOL Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL Repurposing via ANKS1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT03152487 — Trial Comparing EUS-guided Radiofrequency Ablation vs. EUS-guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (COMPLETED) NA NCT06160323 — Upfront EUS CGN/CPN vs Conventional Step up Approach for Inoperable Painful Pancreatic Cancer (RECRUITING) NA NCT04951804 — EUS-CPN With and Without Bupivacaine (RECRUITING) NA NCT01913574 — Efficacy Study of Acupuncture to Treat the Upper Abdominal Pain of Cancer Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT03886298 — Radiofrequency Splanchnic Denervation Versus Retrocrural Neurolytic Celiac Block for Pancreatic Cancer Pain (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00974948 — Trial of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT03770247 — Intraoperative Versus CT Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer (COMPLETED) NA NCT06316908 — Permanent Celiac Plexus Block: Comparison of Pain Score in Unilateral and Bilateral Posterior Percutaneous Approach (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	2 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCYRRHETINIC ACID Repurposing via AKR1B10	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MAFENIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ANKS1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIANSERIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT02805816 — Choosing a Preferred Serology Kit for Screening and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLRESTAT Repurposing via AKR1B10	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AJ-292 Repurposing via ADGRL2	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
HEROIN Repurposing via ANKS1B	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OLEANOLIC ACID Repurposing via AKR1B10	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via AGTPBP1	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

45 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
L-Carnitine Natural product Clinical trial publication L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patient… Human Study Carnitine and selenium levels are decreased in children with celiac dis… Human Study Patients with celiac disease and idiopathic cardiomyopathy may benefit…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patients: a pilot study (Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Probiotics Natural product Cochrane review Nutrition Assessment, Interventions, and Monitoring for Patients with C… Systematic review Microbial-derived peptidases are altered in celiac disease, non-celiac… Systematic review The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and microbiota i…	Probiotic	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 8 Trial pubs 6 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05646823 — Probiotic Blend for Celiac Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT01699191 — Probiotics for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Celiac Patients (UNKNOWN) NA NCT03176095 — Celiac Disease Prevention With Probiotics (COMPLETED) NA NCT01257620 — Clinical Trial on the Effects of Bifidobacterium Infantis in Active Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT03483805 — Effects of a Nutritional Solution to Improve Intestinal Permeability in Celiac Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT04014660 — Prevention av Autoimmunitet Med Laktobaciller (COMPLETED) NA NCT06884241 — Effects of a Probiotic Supplementation on Symptoms and Microbiome Characteristics in Patients With Non-celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity. (COMPLETED) NA NCT03562221 — Prevention of Celiac Disease in Skåne (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA Published literature Cochrane review Nutrition Assessment, Interventions, and Monitoring for Patients with Celiac Disease: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review (Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2020) Systematic review Microbial-derived peptidases are altered in celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and re-analysis of the duodenal microbiome (Gut microbes, 2025) Systematic review The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and microbiota in patients with celiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis on clinical trials (Clinical and experimental medicine, 2023) Systematic review The engineered probiotics for the treatment of chronic diseases: A systematic review (Journal of food biochemistry, 2022) Systematic review Dietary recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology for patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (Joint bone spine, 2022) Systematic review The role of probiotics in the immune response and intestinal microbiota of children with celiac disease: a systematic review (Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo, 2021) Clinical trial publication PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR CELIAC DISEASE: SYMPTOM RELIEF AND QUALITY OF LIFE IMPROVEMENT (Arquivos de gastroenterologia, 2025) Clinical trial publication Novel probiotic preparation with in vivo gluten-degrading activity and potential modulatory effects on the gut microbiota (Microbiology spectrum, 2024) Clinical trial publication Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the single-cell fecal parasitome in children with celiac disease autoimmunity: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial (Parasites & vectors, 2023) Clinical trial publication Clinical and Microbiological Effect of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Celiac Patients With Persistent IBS-type Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial (Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2019) Clinical trial publication Celiac Disease by the Age of 13 Years Is Not Associated With Probiotics Administration in Infancy (Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Osteoporosis rates are higher in adult patients with celiac disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07157137 — Assessment of the Adherence to a Gluten-free Diet and Nutritional Status of Paediatric Patients With Coeliac Disease (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin B12 Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Osteoporosis rates are higher in adult patients with celiac disease.	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT07157137 — Assessment of the Adherence to a Gluten-free Diet and Nutritional Status of Paediatric Patients With Coeliac Disease (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NCT05172895 — Characteristics of Anemia in Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) NCT04160767 — Celiac Disease and Vitamin Status: Evaluation of the Effect of Supplementation With a Probiotic (VIVOMIXX®) in a Cohoort of Celiac Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin E Natural product Meta-analysis Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected a… Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07157137 — Assessment of the Adherence to a Gluten-free Diet and Nutritional Status of Paediatric Patients With Coeliac Disease (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) Published literature Meta-analysis Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected and Recommended Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Dietary Patterns (Nutrients, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Vitamin C Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Osteoporosis rates are higher in adult patients with celiac disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT06921343 — Iron Deficiency in Pediatric Celiac Disease: Diet vs. Iron Supplementation Trial (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Calcium Natural product Systematic review Causal factors for migraine in Mendelian randomization studies: a syste… Systematic review Nutrient intakes in adult and pediatric coeliac disease patients on glu… Systematic review Nutritional Deficiencies in Children with Celiac Disease Resulting from…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	11 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Published literature Systematic review Causal factors for migraine in Mendelian randomization studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Frontiers in neurology, 2025) Systematic review Nutrient intakes in adult and pediatric coeliac disease patients on gluten-free diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2023) Systematic review Nutritional Deficiencies in Children with Celiac Disease Resulting from a Gluten-Free Diet: A Systematic Review (Nutrients, 2019) Systematic review Bones of contention: bone mineral density recovery in celiac disease--a systematic review (Nutrients, 2015) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Magnesium Natural product Cochrane review Gluten free diet and nutrient deficiencies: A review Human Study Magnesium deficiency may contribute to osteoporosis promotion associate…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Cochrane 3 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT05576038 — Tryptophan for Impaired AhR Signaling in Celiac Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT04477239 — Diagnostic Performance of Urinary Gluten Immunogenic Peptides in Monitoring the Adherence to Gluten-free Diet. (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Gluten free diet and nutrient deficiencies: A review (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Zinc Natural product Randomized controlled trial Zinc supplementation to patients with celiac disease--is it required? Randomized controlled trial Nutrient intakes during diets including unkilned and large amounts of o… Human Study Serum zinc levels are low in newly diagnosed celiac disease cases.	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 2 Cochrane 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03771443 — Assessment of the Effect of Gluten Free Toothpaste on the Ulcerative Events in Children With Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05782257 — Zinc Deficiency Treatment in Celiac Disease: Supplementation Versus Diet (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06005376 — Development of a Celiac Safe Food Additive (COMPLETED) NA NCT07069127 — Hydroxyapatite-Based Home Treatment for Dentin Sensitivity in Celiac Patients (RECRUITING) NA Published literature Randomized controlled trial Zinc supplementation to patients with celiac disease--is it required? (Journal of tropical pediatrics, 2010) Randomized controlled trial Nutrient intakes during diets including unkilned and large amounts of oats in celiac disease (European journal of clinical nutrition, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Meta-analysis Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected a…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06038344 — Influence of a Gluten Free Food Guide on Diet Quality and Adherence to the GFD in Youth With Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT07157137 — Assessment of the Adherence to a Gluten-free Diet and Nutritional Status of Paediatric Patients With Coeliac Disease (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NCT05172895 — Characteristics of Anemia in Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) NCT04160767 — Celiac Disease and Vitamin Status: Evaluation of the Effect of Supplementation With a Probiotic (VIVOMIXX®) in a Cohoort of Celiac Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Are Gluten-Free Diets More Nutritious? An Evaluation of Self-Selected and Recommended Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Dietary Patterns (Nutrients, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Psyllium Natural product Optimization of Gluten-Free Bread Formulation Using Whole Sorghum-Based… Development of Functional Gluten-Free Sourdough Bread with Pseudocereal… Occupational IgE-mediated psyllium allergy in contemporary gluten-free…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
L-Carnitine Natural product Clinical trial publication L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patient… Human Study Carnitine and selenium levels are decreased in children with celiac dis… Human Study Patients with celiac disease and idiopathic cardiomyopathy may benefit…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patients: a pilot study (Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2007) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Human Study Carnitine and selenium levels are decreased in children with celiac dis… Human Study Selenium levels are low in patients with celiac disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Niacin Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Osteoporosis rates are higher in adult patients with celiac disease.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Lactobacillus Natural product PROBIOTICS AS AN ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY FOR CELIAC DISEASE: SYMPTOM RELIEF… Microbial-derived peptidases are altered in celiac disease, non-celiac… The effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and microbiota i…	Probiotic	Approved	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05646823 — Probiotic Blend for Celiac Disease (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT01699191 — Probiotics for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Celiac Patients (UNKNOWN) NA NCT05798689 — Use of a Selected Mixture of Probiotic Strains for Degrading Gluten During Digestion (COMPLETED) NA NCT03857360 — Effectiveness of PENTABIOCEL in Clinical and Laboratory Recovery of Children With Celiac Disease (COMPLETED) NA NCT06178107 — Efficacy of Cholesterol-lowering L. Plantarum on Cardiometabolic Health Biomarkers in Coeliac Disease Patients (COMPLETED) NA NCT07360106 — Efficacy of Symprove Probiotics in Coeliac Disease (RECRUITING) NA NCT04160767 — Celiac Disease and Vitamin Status: Evaluation of the Effect of Supplementation With a Probiotic (VIVOMIXX®) in a Cohoort of Celiac Patients (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Copper Natural product Systematic review Copper deficiency myelopathy mimicking cervical spondylitic myelopathy:… Human Study Celiac disease is far higher in those diagnosed with Grave's disea… Human Study Celiac disease prevalance is significantly higher in those diagnosed wi…	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Emerging	3	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT05782257 — Zinc Deficiency Treatment in Celiac Disease: Supplementation Versus Diet (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Systematic review Copper deficiency myelopathy mimicking cervical spondylitic myelopathy: a systematic review of the literature with case report (The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		—
Epalrestat Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Chlorogenic Acid Natural product In vitro biological activity and nutritional evaluation of purple potat… Gluten-Free Bread Enriched with Artichoke Leaf Extract In Vitro Exerted… Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Benzyl Caffeate Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Oleanolic_acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Isolithocholic Acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Ursolic Acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Enoxolone Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Maslinic Acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Betulinic Acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Asiatic Acid Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
(3R,4S,5R)-tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetrol Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
B-Complex Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Celiac disease is far higher in those diagnosed with Grave's disea…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Oats Natural product Human Study Consumption of oats does not induce TG2 autoantibody production at muco… Human Study Oat intake can increase intakes of nutrients in celiac patients in remi… Human Study Oats appear safe in a gluten-free diet in children newly diagnosed with…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Vitamin a Natural product Human Study B vitamin supplementation reduces plasma homocysteine levels in Celiac… Human Study B-vitamin status and homocysteine levels are important to monitor in ce… Human Study Osteoporosis rates are higher in adult patients with celiac disease.	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Bromelain Natural product Human Study Bromelain-loaded nanocomposites decrease inflammatory and cytotoxicity…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Breast Milk Natural product Meta Analysis Breastfeeding seems to offer a protection against the development of CD… Human Study Longer breastfeeding and continuation of breastfeeding after gluten int…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Pancreatic Enzymes Natural product Human Study Pancreatic insufficiency may be a cause of persistent symptoms, e.g. di…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fermented Foods and Beverages Natural product The Celiac Patient Antibody Response to Conventional and Gluten-Removed…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Dietary Modification: Wheat/Gluten Free Natural product Meta Analysis Recurrent miscarriages may occur due to undiagnosed celiac disease, and… Human Study 2-5% of celiac disease does not respond to a gluten-free diet and may l… Human Study 6 months of a gluten free diet result in improvements in celiac disease…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fructose Natural product Chronic, Noninfectious Diarrhea: A Review Impact of tailored dietary interventions on suspected carbohydrate into… Food-Intolerance Genetic Testing: A Useful Tool for the Dietary Managem…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Propolis: Bee Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bifidobacterium Longum Natural product Fecal and Duodenal Microbiota in Pediatric Celiac Disease	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Grains: All Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Antioxidant Formulas Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Glutathione Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Beta-Glucan Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fiber Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Adlay Natural product	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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