Anxiety Disorders

Disease overview

Alterations

113

Molecular (A)

100

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

375

Via biomarker

157

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

535

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, OSMF Chronic Disease Review, PubMed MeSH, PubMed Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

GAD: spontaneous remission in ~25-30% at 1 year without treatment; social anxiety: 36% remission at 12 years untreated; panic disorder: 50-65% spontaneous partial remission but relapse common; 40-60% remain symptomatic at 5 years

Best-intervention remission

CBT (gold standard): 60-80% treatment response, 40-60% full remission at 12-24 weeks; combination CBT + SSRI superior to either alone in some disorders; exposure therapy for specific phobias: 90%+ response; SSRI/SNRI alone: 50-60% response

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large — CBT is consistently superior to medication for long-term outcomes but is massively underused relative to pharmacotherapy

Primary barrier

practice/access

Barrier detail: SSRIs/SNRIs are first-line by default in most primary care settings; CBT is guideline-recommended but wait times of 6-18 months are common; digital CBT (iCBT) is evidence-based but rarely prescribed; benzodiazepines continue to be prescribed long-term despite dependence risk

Last SoC change: 2023 — FDA approved brexanolone for postpartum anxiety/depression; 2022 buspirone repositioning; first-line SSRIs/SNRIs essentially unchanged since early 1990s; duloxetine for GAD added 2004

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0005618 · MESH: D001008 · UMLS_CUI: C0003469

Alterations

113 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
DRD2 dopamine receptor D2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.72	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1C calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.70	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A4 solute carrier family 6 member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.70	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1E calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.68	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.66	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1I calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 I	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.66	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR2A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.64	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR1A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.63	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA6 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.63	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA5 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRG2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A2 solute carrier family 6 member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRB3 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRD gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA4 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRB2 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRB1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRA3 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRG3 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRE gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRG1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRQ gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit theta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GABRP gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit pi	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1G calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1H calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1A calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG5 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1D calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG2 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1B calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1S calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA1F calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNA2D4 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit alpha2delta 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNB3 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG1 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG6 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG7 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CACNG8 calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit gamma 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DRD4 dopamine receptor D4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DRD3 dopamine receptor D3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HRH1 histamine receptor H1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.56	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HTR2C 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.54	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HIVEP1 HIVEP zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.52	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LRFN5 leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FES FES proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DRD1 dopamine receptor D1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TCF4 transcription factor 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RGS6 regulator of G protein signaling 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CELF4 CUGBP Elav-like family member 4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIN2A glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.50	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FOXP2 forkhead box P2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRM3 glutamate metabotropic receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CNTNAP5 contactin associated protein family member 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SOX6 SRY-box transcription factor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIA1 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.49	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
HDC histidine decarboxylase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGSF9B immunoglobulin superfamily member 9B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLITRK1 SLIT and NTRK like family member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ZNF804A zinc finger protein 804A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DRD5 dopamine receptor D5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.48	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GLIS3 GLIS family zinc finger 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC39A8 solute carrier family 39 member 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.47	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PLCL2 phospholipase C like 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARPP21 cAMP regulated phosphoprotein 21	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KCNN2 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FURIN furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.46	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TSNARE1 t-SNARE domain containing 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NPAS3 neuronal PAS domain protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIK3 glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NOS1 nitric oxide synthase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TENM3 teneurin transmembrane protein 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.45	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAD1L1 mitotic arrest deficient 1 like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.44	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CTTNBP2 cortactin binding protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.44	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
STK24 serine/threonine kinase 24	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.44	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NCAM1 neural cell adhesion molecule 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SLC6A3 solute carrier family 6 member 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IMMP2L inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCL11B BCL11 transcription factor B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SORCS3 sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIN2B glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.43	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
TSPO translocator protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SGCD sarcoglycan delta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RBFOX1 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIK1 glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SCN2A sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CD40 CD40 molecule	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GRIN1 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EFNA5 ephrin A5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.41	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Anxiety	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Anxiety score	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Beck Anxiety Inventory	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Beck Depression Inventory	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Blood pressure	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in Utilization of Services (30 Days)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in anxiety	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Change in depression	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Clinician Rating on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Moral Injury	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Pain Score	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Child Version	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders - Parent Version	Trial outcome measure	Clinical scale	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

From opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease — Anxiety: a look at epidemiological factors and alternate treatments. Candidates for further study, not approved treatments.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
CHEMBL12	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LORAZEPAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 95 Trial pubs 60 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02312739 — Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During In-office Transcervical Sterilization (COMPLETED) NA NCT00613067 — ERP N1 as a Treatment Predictor of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) NA NCT02305797 — EDG004 Treatment of Adult Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00513565 — A Study To Investigate Effects Of GSK561679 On Brain Activation During Emotional Processing In Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05102331 — Lavender Oil Aromatherapy for The Treatment of Acute Anxiety During Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedures (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT01441843 — Resistance Under the Microscope (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01901003 — Sedative Premedication: Efficacy On Patient Experience (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00624780 — Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Of Pregabalin (Lyrica) With Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2011) Meta-analysis Pharmacologic predictors of benzodiazepine response trajectory in anxiety disorders: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling meta-analysis (CNS spectrums, 2023) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of lavender essential oil (Silexan) capsules among patients suffering from anxiety disorders: A network meta-analysis (Scientific reports, 2019) Meta-analysis An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2007) Meta-analysis Benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder: heterogeneity of outcomes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2007) Clinical trial publication A randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Coadministration of disulfiram and lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol dependence and co-occurring anxiety disorder: an open-label pilot study (The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2016) Clinical trial publication Pregabalin long-term treatment and assessment of discontinuation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Therapeutic effectiveness of Galphimia glauca vs. lorazepam in generalized anxiety disorder. A controlled 15-week clinical trial (Planta medica, 2012) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the effects of venlafaxine and pregabalin on the carbon dioxide inhalation models of Generalised Anxiety Disorder and panic (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013) Randomized controlled trial Lack of efficacy of L-759274, a novel neurokinin 1 (substance P) receptor antagonist, for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02012504 — Antidepressant Monotherapy on Depressive and Anxiety Symptom in Chinese Patients (UNKNOWN) NCT04965272 — A Study To Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity With Oral Cariprazine When Added to Antidepressant Therapies (ADTs) Compared to Placebo in Adult Participants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Who Have Had an Inadequate Response to ADTs Alone (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT04396314 — Effectiveness of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in Post-traumatic Stress Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00592384 — Project to Improve Symptoms and Mood in People With Spinal Cord Injury (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00238719 — Study Evaluating Venlafaxine ER in Children and Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00546923 — Study Evaluating Venlafaxine Extended-Release in Depressed and Anxious Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00122850 — A Comparison of Duloxetine Hydrochloride, Marketed Comparator, and Placebo in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06659094 — Reducing Maximal Support in OCD: Efficacy of Stepped-Care Online CBT (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Time to relapse after 6 and 12 months' treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with venlafaxine extended release (Archives of general psychiatry, 2010) Clinical trial publication Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder (Archives of general psychiatry, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients (The American journal of psychiatry, 1989) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05535101 — Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorder (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04993300 — Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Amphetamine Addiction (COMPLETED) NA NCT02008396 — Phase 2 Pilot Safety Study of MDMA-assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety in Autistic Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01863459 — Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in the Treatment of Adult ADHD With Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00363298 — Dextro-Amphetamine Versus Caffeine in Treatment-resistant OCD (COMPLETED) NA NCT00252174 — MDMA-assisted Therapy in People With Anxiety Related to Advanced Stage Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02427568 — MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With a Life-Threatening Illness (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05138068 — Social Anxiety MDMA-Assisted Therapy Investigation (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Adverse drug events related to mood and emotion in paediatric patients treated for ADHD: A meta-analysis (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) Clinical trial publication The mixed amphetamine salt extended release (Adderall XR, Max-XR) as an adjunctive to SSRIS or SNRIS in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive generalized anxiety: an open-label study (Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 2010) Clinical trial publication Double-blind study of dextroamphetamine versus caffeine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2009) Clinical trial publication Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET (Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Changes in EEG mean frequency associated with anxiety and with amphetamine challenge in BPD (Biological psychiatry, 1988) Clinical trial publication A naturalistic study of imipramine in panic disorder and agoraphobia (The American journal of psychiatry, 1987) Randomized controlled trial D-amphetamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder (Psychopharmacology, 1983) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1059	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200322	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200328	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200399	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200609	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2096631	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL451	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095051	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL568	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL6067650	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL661	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL979	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 7 Meta-analysis 32 Trial pubs 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07499219 — Preliminary Testing and Development of a Short Digital Intervention for Patients on Waiting Lists for Psychological Treatment (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT03904186 — Effectiveness of an Integrated Treatment to Address Smoking Cessation and Anxiety/ Depression in People Living With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT01393301 — Integrated Treatment for Smoking Cessation & Anxiety in People With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT07024992 — Enhancing Smoking Cessation for African American People Everywhere (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06957925 — ABC School Intervention Among Ugandan Adolescents (COMPLETED) NA NCT05376397 — Testing THRIVE 365 for Black Sexual Minority Men (On The Daily) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04481373 — Targeting HIV Retention and Improved Viral Load Through Engagement ('THRIVE') (COMPLETED) NA NCT04143243 — One-day Life Skills Workshop for Veterans With TBI, Pain, and Psychopathology: Evaluating Efficacy and Mechanism of Change (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Psychiatric morbidity and gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys (European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025) Meta-analysis Symptom Provocation and Clinical Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (JAMA psychiatry, 2025) Meta-analysis Global prevalence of smoking among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Health psychology review, 2023) Meta-analysis Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017) Meta-analysis Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2015) Systematic review A systematic review of virtual reality therapies for substance use disorders: Impact on secondary treatment outcomes (The American journal on addictions, 2023) Systematic review A systematic review of suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents with psychotic disorders (Schizophrenia research, 2021) Clinical trial publication Personalized chat-based support for smoking cessation among smokers with mental health symptoms in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Subjective experiences, contexts, and risk perceptions of very low nicotine content cigarettes and electronic cigarettes among people with depression and anxiety disorders who smoke (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023) Clinical trial publication The effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes on biomarkers of nicotine and toxicant exposure, smoking behavior and psychiatric symptoms in smokers with mood or anxiety disorders: A double-blind randomized trial (PloS one, 2022) Clinical trial publication Community-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021) Clinical trial publication A double-blind randomized clinical trial of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC on nicotine dependence, anxiety and depression (Scientific reports, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALFUZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
ASENAPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENZPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETHANIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOZAPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CYPROHEPTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAPIPRAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAPIPRAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEBRISOQUIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOPAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONEDARONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EMPAGLIFLOZIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOLOID MESYLATES Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOLOID MESYLATES, USP Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERGOTAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXAGAMGLOGENE AUTOTEMCEL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPERIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETALOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEPHENTERMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METARAMINOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METARAMINOL BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTRIMEPRAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
MIANSERIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDODRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £55–£75 / 100 tabs (2.5-5mg) · US $18 / 90 tabs (2.5mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	—
MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £55–£75 / 100 tabs (2.5-5mg) · US $18 / 90 tabs (2.5mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MOXISYLYTE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAFTOPIDIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPHAZOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAPHAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFAZODONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORTRIPTYLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PAPAVERINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENDIMETRAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENOXYBENZAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENOXYBENZAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTOLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE POLISTIREX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROMAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROPIOMAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE POLISTIREX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA (USP) Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RISPERIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTINDOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SILODOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERAZOSIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TERAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIORIDAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZOLINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAZODONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIMIPRAMINE MALEATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEMURAFENIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
XYLOMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BUSPIRONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTRALINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULOTARONT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(D)-SERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCYSTEINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £5–£12 / 30 tabs or effervescent · US $8–$15 / 30-60 tabs (NAC)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMANTADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARTEMISININ	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATOMOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAROTENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFEPRUNOX	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BITOPERTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRILAROXAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1175	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1695	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2103836	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2108918	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4297586	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL439849	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL490	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CREATINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCENICLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCENICLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLIVANSERIN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESKETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVOXAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICLEPERTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDALOPIRDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMOTRIGINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LB-102	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITHIUM CARBONATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMATEPERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY404039	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEMANTINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONDANSETRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYGEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAVANSERIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITOLISANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POMAGLUMETAD METHIONIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POMAGLUMETAD METHIONIL ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMIPEXOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMETHAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROLUPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROLUPERIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMIDORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIAGABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROPISETRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROSPIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALBENAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARENICLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN B12	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORTIOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
XANOMELINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZICRONAPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DARAPLADIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARIPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0777	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-3-(PYRIDIN-4-YL)-1-(PYRROLIDIN-1-YL)PROPAN-1-ONE, (2R,3S)-	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-126	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-288	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-925	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIMOSTINEL	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APLINDORE FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AQW051	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARMODAFINIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD0328	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALIPODECT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BL-1020	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRADANICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3647536	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL482950	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095042	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL930	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITICOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLEMASTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CX516	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVUNETIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEUDEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEUTARSERINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXEFAROXAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIVALPROEX SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONEPEZIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELTOPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMRACLIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTEBEREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
F-17464	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FACINICLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£4 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30–60 tabs (Cost Plus)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FARAMPATOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINGOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK239512	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GTS-21	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISPRONICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-37822681	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-40411813	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOMEPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOSULPIRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUVADAXISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARDEPODECT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPHENIDATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRICORILANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0249	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8189	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
N-DESMETHYLCLOZAPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPTUMOMAB ESTAFENATOX	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NGX-267	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORG-25935	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSANETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSORESNONTRINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXCARBAZEPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAVINETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERPHENAZINE 4-AMINOBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PESAMPATOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-00217830	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03463275	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAVANSERIN TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPAMPERONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POZANICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGNENOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGNENOLONE SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINIDINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALMITARONT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARCOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-773812	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SECRETIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SGS-742	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SLV-310	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BENZOATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM OXYBATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPG-302	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFORAPHANE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUVECALTAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALNETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TM30339	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLCAPONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VABICASERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALACYCLOVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WITHANOLIDE D	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZELATRIAZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTAROXIME Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADOPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APN1125	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AUT-00206	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVL-3288	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-8418	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD6280	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBAMAZEPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEFTRIAXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL30	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4594267	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4594268	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5314578	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CROMOLYN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £10–£20 / inhaler or amps · US $15–$30 / supply	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALZANEMDOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIHYDREXIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENG, ASIAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-729327	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-39393406	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENRISPODUN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVETIRACETAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDOMAFETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXIFLOXACIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAPAVERINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03654746	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-05180999	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLAZINEMDOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRECLAMOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RG7342	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELEGILINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRYPTOPHAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAGOCIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
Ashwagandha OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	5 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06235177 — Psychoneuromentalism Disorder: A Medical Condition That Affects People With Psychological Impairments From Health Issues (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06714942 — Efficacy and Safety of a Proprietary Blend of Ashwagandha Root Extract (Aqueous) in Adult Men and Women With High Stress and Anxiety: A Randomized, Double-blind, Three-arm, Parallel, Placebo-controlled Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT07441070 — Effect of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults Experiencing Minority Stress (RECRUITING) NA NCT01311180 — A Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Sensoril® for Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05684991 — Prospective, Multi Centric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of KSM-66 Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and/or Anxiety (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review (Planta medica, 2021) Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) Systematic review Interventions for generalized anxiety disorder (Current opinion in psychiatry, 2023) Systematic review An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2014) Clinical trial publication A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Medicine, 2023) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
CBD (Cannabidiol) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05283382 — Cannabidiol Effects on Learning and Anxiety (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT03948074 — Cannabis For Cancer-Related Symptoms (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07656350 — Challenging the Endocannabinoid System in Sleep Restricted Healthy Volunteers to Modulate Physiological Arousal (CANISLEEP) Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT04286594 — A Clinical Trial of a Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol Product for Anxiety (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT03549819 — Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: An 8-Week Pilot Study (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT06261502 — Effect of CANnabidiol on Anxiety and GABAergic Function in Individuals with Fragile-X Syndrome (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT07651930 — Full-Spectrum Cannabidiol Oil for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03944447 — Outcomes Mandate National Integration With Cannabis as Medicine (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
CBG (Cannabigerol) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05257044 — Acute Effects of Cannabigerol (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06638996 — Acute Psychological and Physiological Effects of Cannabigerol (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
L-Theanine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07319117 — Evaluation of the Impact of a Nutritional Formulation on Cognitive Performance Following Stress Exposure. (RECRUITING) NA NCT07135232 — The Effects of Resistance Training and a Plant-Based Supplement on Perimenopausal Symptoms and Muscle Health. (RECRUITING) NA NCT06505694 — A Clinical Trial to Assess the Impact of an Alcohol Alternative Herbal Tincture on Signs of Stress Anxiety and Sleep Quality. (COMPLETED) NA NCT07076537 — A Clinical Study on the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Stress, Anxiety, Mood and Sleep in a Pediatric Population (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05857956 — A Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of a Plant-based Energy Shot on Focus and ADHD-like Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT00291070 — Effects of L-Theanine in Boys With ADHD (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07665840 — Effects of L-Theanine and Hericium Erinaceus Gummies on Psychological, Cognitive, and Sleep Quality in University Students (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Clinical trial publication L-theanine combination therapy with fluvoxamine in moderate-to-severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial (Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2023) Clinical trial publication Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study (Nutrients, 2022) Clinical trial publication L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Journal of psychiatric research, 2019) Clinical trial publication Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans (BioFactors (Oxford, England), 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Lavender oil OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 5 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06066073 — "Pain and Emotional Changes on Relationships Between Anxiety and Olfaction" (COMPLETED) NA NCT06949293 — The Effect of Classical Hand Massage, Lavender Inhalation and Hand Massage With Lavender on Anxiety, Pain and Comfort (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT05369936 — Pain Perception: on Relationships Between Dental Anxiety and Olfaction (COMPLETED) NA NCT01809067 — The Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy on Reducing Stress and Anxiety During MRI Procedures. (COMPLETED) NA NCT06769503 — Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety in Relatives of Emergency Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT06241495 — Aromatherapy in Providing a Semen Sample (COMPLETED) NA NCT06598904 — The Effect of Aromatherapy for First Dental Visit Patients (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06045078 — Aromatherapy in Total Knee Replacement (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2019) Meta-analysis How Strong is the Evidence for the Anxiolytic Efficacy of Lavender?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Asian nursing research, 2019) Meta-analysis Efficacy of Silexan in subthreshold anxiety: meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials (European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2019) Meta-analysis Lavender Oil Preparation (Silexan) for Treating Anxiety: An Updated Meta-Analysis (Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Precolonoscopy Lavender Inhalation on Patient Anxiety and Comfort: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded, Single-Center Study (Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 2023) Clinical trial publication Silexan does not cause withdrawal symptoms even when abruptly discontinued (International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2017) Clinical trial publication Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder--a randomized, double-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (International clinical psychopharmacology, 2010) Clinical trial publication A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Lemon balm OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Magnesium + Vitamin B6 OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07037667 — New Management of PMS Anxiety (COMPLETED) NA NCT05837104 — Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Vitamin B6 in First Episode Bipolar Disorder (RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Rhodiola rosea OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT07319117 — Evaluation of the Impact of a Nutritional Formulation on Cognitive Performance Following Stress Exposure. (RECRUITING) NA NCT04795557 — Efficacy of Adaptogens in Patients With Long COVID-19 (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence (CNS drugs, 2013) Clinical trial publication A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Saffron OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	2 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05690126 — Effect of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Emotional Well-being Alterations (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02800733 — Effects of Saffron on Mild to Moderate Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials (Nutritional neuroscience, 2026) Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its active ingredients in the management of neurological and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical evidence and mechanisms (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial (Human psychopharmacology, 2021) Clinical trial publication affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30-90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMISULPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASENAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASENAPINE MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZODIAZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZTROPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLONANSERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BREXPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRILAROXAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTHIAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOZAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYSTEAMINE BITARTRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIROXIMEL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTACAPONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FANANSERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPENTIXOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUSPIRILENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINKGO	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUTAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL LACTATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISRADIPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXAPINE SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMATEPERONE TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURASIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESORIDAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLINDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLINDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABIXIMOLS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEMONAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE PAMOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLSALAZINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORGANON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALIPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENFLURIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERGOLIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMOZIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERACETAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPOTIAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PNU-282987	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROCHLORPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRUCALOPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETIAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOXIPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILUZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMCAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RISPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMIDORPHAN L-MALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-222200	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTINDOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONEPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULPIRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRABENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROPALMATINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIORIDAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIOTHIXENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUOPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULOTARONT HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VASOPRESSIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZUCLOPENTHIXOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
LORAZEPAM	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 5 Meta-analysis 95 Trial pubs 60 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02312739 — Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management During In-office Transcervical Sterilization (COMPLETED) NA NCT00613067 — ERP N1 as a Treatment Predictor of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) NA NCT02305797 — EDG004 Treatment of Adult Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00513565 — A Study To Investigate Effects Of GSK561679 On Brain Activation During Emotional Processing In Healthy Volunteers (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT05102331 — Lavender Oil Aromatherapy for The Treatment of Acute Anxiety During Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedures (WITHDRAWN) NA NCT01441843 — Resistance Under the Microscope (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT01901003 — Sedative Premedication: Efficacy On Patient Experience (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00624780 — Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Of Pregabalin (Lyrica) With Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis (BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2011) Meta-analysis Pharmacologic predictors of benzodiazepine response trajectory in anxiety disorders: a Bayesian hierarchical modeling meta-analysis (CNS spectrums, 2023) Meta-analysis Efficacy and safety of lavender essential oil (Silexan) capsules among patients suffering from anxiety disorders: A network meta-analysis (Scientific reports, 2019) Meta-analysis An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2007) Meta-analysis Benzodiazepines in generalized anxiety disorder: heterogeneity of outcomes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2007) Clinical trial publication A randomized clinical trial of repeated doses of psilocybin for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2026) Clinical trial publication Coadministration of disulfiram and lorazepam in the treatment of alcohol dependence and co-occurring anxiety disorder: an open-label pilot study (The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2016) Clinical trial publication Pregabalin long-term treatment and assessment of discontinuation in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Therapeutic effectiveness of Galphimia glauca vs. lorazepam in generalized anxiety disorder. A controlled 15-week clinical trial (Planta medica, 2012) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the effects of venlafaxine and pregabalin on the carbon dioxide inhalation models of Generalised Anxiety Disorder and panic (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2013) Randomized controlled trial Lack of efficacy of L-759274, a novel neurokinin 1 (substance P) receptor antagonist, for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2013) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	105	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02012504 — Antidepressant Monotherapy on Depressive and Anxiety Symptom in Chinese Patients (UNKNOWN) NCT04965272 — A Study To Assess Adverse Events and Change in Disease Activity With Oral Cariprazine When Added to Antidepressant Therapies (ADTs) Compared to Placebo in Adult Participants With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Who Have Had an Inadequate Response to ADTs Alone (WITHDRAWN) PHASE2 NCT04396314 — Effectiveness of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in Post-traumatic Stress Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial (UNKNOWN) NA NCT00592384 — Project to Improve Symptoms and Mood in People With Spinal Cord Injury (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00238719 — Study Evaluating Venlafaxine ER in Children and Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT00546923 — Study Evaluating Venlafaxine Extended-Release in Depressed and Anxious Patients (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00122850 — A Comparison of Duloxetine Hydrochloride, Marketed Comparator, and Placebo in the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT06659094 — Reducing Maximal Support in OCD: Efficacy of Stepped-Care Online CBT (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Time to relapse after 6 and 12 months' treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with venlafaxine extended release (Archives of general psychiatry, 2010) Clinical trial publication Venlafaxine extended release vs placebo and paroxetine in social anxiety disorder (Archives of general psychiatry, 2005) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1059	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL12	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200322	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200328	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200399	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1200609	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2096631	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL451	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095051	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL568	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL6067650	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL661	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL979	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUSPIRONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESCITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METFORMIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28–56 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTRALINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULOTARONT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	85	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(D)-SERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETYLCYSTEINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £5–£12 / 30 tabs or effervescent · US $8–$15 / 30-60 tabs (NAC)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMANTADINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARTEMISININ	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASPIRIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Very low cost · US Very low cost	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ATOMOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BEXAROTENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFEPRUNOX	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BITOPERTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRILAROXAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPROPION	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1175	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL1695	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2103836	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL2108918	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4297586	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL439849	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL490	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHOLECALCIFEROL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CREATINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYCLOSERINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMPAGLIFLOZIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCENICLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENCENICLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPLIVANSERIN FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESKETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESTRADIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVENAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EXENATIDE	Biologic	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVOXAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FOLINIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULIN G	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICLEPERTIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDALOPIRDINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LAMOTRIGINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LB-102	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEUCOVORIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LITHIUM CARBONATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMATEPERONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LY404039	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEMANTINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MINOCYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ONDANSETRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYGEN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAVANSERIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PITOLISANT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POMAGLUMETAD METHIONIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POMAGLUMETAD METHIONIL ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAMIPEXOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRIMETHAMINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALOXIFENE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROLUPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROLUPERIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMIDORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SIMVASTATIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30–90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIAGABINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROPISETRON	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROSPIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROSPIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALBENAZINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALPROIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VARENICLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN B12	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORTIOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
XANOMELINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZICRONAPINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARIPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ESZOPICLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0777	Small molecule	Phase II	Moderate	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
(+/-)NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
2-AMINO-3-HYDROXY-3-(PYRIDIN-4-YL)-1-(PYRROLIDIN-1-YL)PROPAN-1-ONE, (2R,3S)-	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Research / experimental compound — pricing not applicable for routine clinical use	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-126	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-288	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABT-925	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05535101 — Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorder (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04993300 — Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Amphetamine Addiction (COMPLETED) NA NCT02008396 — Phase 2 Pilot Safety Study of MDMA-assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety in Autistic Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01863459 — Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in the Treatment of Adult ADHD With Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00363298 — Dextro-Amphetamine Versus Caffeine in Treatment-resistant OCD (COMPLETED) NA NCT00252174 — MDMA-assisted Therapy in People With Anxiety Related to Advanced Stage Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02427568 — MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With a Life-Threatening Illness (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05138068 — Social Anxiety MDMA-Assisted Therapy Investigation (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Adverse drug events related to mood and emotion in paediatric patients treated for ADHD: A meta-analysis (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) Clinical trial publication The mixed amphetamine salt extended release (Adderall XR, Max-XR) as an adjunctive to SSRIS or SNRIS in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive generalized anxiety: an open-label study (Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 2010) Clinical trial publication Double-blind study of dextroamphetamine versus caffeine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2009) Clinical trial publication Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET (Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Changes in EEG mean frequency associated with anxiety and with amphetamine challenge in BPD (Biological psychiatry, 1988) Clinical trial publication A naturalistic study of imipramine in panic disorder and agoraphobia (The American journal of psychiatry, 1987) Randomized controlled trial D-amphetamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder (Psychopharmacology, 1983) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APIMOSTINEL	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APLINDORE FUMARATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AQW051	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARGININE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARMODAFINIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD0328	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BALIPODECT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BL-1020	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRADANICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARNOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL3647536	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL482950	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5095042	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL930	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITICOLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLEMASTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CX516	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DASATINIB	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DAVUNETIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DESIPRAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEUDEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEUTARSERINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXEFAROXAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXMEDETOMIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXTROMETHORPHAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIVALPROEX SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DONEPEZIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRINABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONABINOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELTOPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
EMRACLIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERTEBEREL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
F-17464	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FACINICLINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FAMOTIDINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£4 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30–60 tabs (Cost Plus)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FARAMPATOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINGOLIMOD	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GALANTAMINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK239512	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GTS-21	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ICOSAPENT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INSULIN HUMAN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INULIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISPRONICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-37822681	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-40411813	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVODOPA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOMEPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVOSULPIRIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LIPOIC ACID, ALPHA	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUVADAXISTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MARDEPODECT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTREXATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPHENIDATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIRICORILANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-0249	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MK-8189	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
N-DESMETHYLCLOZAPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPTUMOMAB ESTAFENATOX	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NGX-267	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 7 Meta-analysis 32 Trial pubs 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07499219 — Preliminary Testing and Development of a Short Digital Intervention for Patients on Waiting Lists for Psychological Treatment (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT03904186 — Effectiveness of an Integrated Treatment to Address Smoking Cessation and Anxiety/ Depression in People Living With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT01393301 — Integrated Treatment for Smoking Cessation & Anxiety in People With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT07024992 — Enhancing Smoking Cessation for African American People Everywhere (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06957925 — ABC School Intervention Among Ugandan Adolescents (COMPLETED) NA NCT05376397 — Testing THRIVE 365 for Black Sexual Minority Men (On The Daily) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04481373 — Targeting HIV Retention and Improved Viral Load Through Engagement ('THRIVE') (COMPLETED) NA NCT04143243 — One-day Life Skills Workshop for Veterans With TBI, Pain, and Psychopathology: Evaluating Efficacy and Mechanism of Change (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Psychiatric morbidity and gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys (European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025) Meta-analysis Symptom Provocation and Clinical Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (JAMA psychiatry, 2025) Meta-analysis Global prevalence of smoking among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Health psychology review, 2023) Meta-analysis Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017) Meta-analysis Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2015) Systematic review A systematic review of virtual reality therapies for substance use disorders: Impact on secondary treatment outcomes (The American journal on addictions, 2023) Systematic review A systematic review of suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents with psychotic disorders (Schizophrenia research, 2021) Clinical trial publication Personalized chat-based support for smoking cessation among smokers with mental health symptoms in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Subjective experiences, contexts, and risk perceptions of very low nicotine content cigarettes and electronic cigarettes among people with depression and anxiety disorders who smoke (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023) Clinical trial publication The effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes on biomarkers of nicotine and toxicant exposure, smoking behavior and psychiatric symptoms in smokers with mood or anxiety disorders: A double-blind randomized trial (PloS one, 2022) Clinical trial publication Community-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021) Clinical trial publication A double-blind randomized clinical trial of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC on nicotine dependence, anxiety and depression (Scientific reports, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORG-25935	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSANETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OSORESNONTRINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXCARBAZEPINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYTOCIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAVINETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERPHENAZINE 4-AMINOBUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PESAMPATOR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-00217830	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03463275	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMAVANSERIN TARTRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPAMPERONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
POZANICLINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGNENOLONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREGNENOLONE SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUERCETIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUINIDINE SULFATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RALMITARONT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RESVERATROL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMONABANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAPROPTERIN DIHYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SARCOSINE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-773812	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SECRETIN	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SGS-742	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SLV-310	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BENZOATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM BUTYRATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM OXYBATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPG-302	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULFORAPHANE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SUVECALTAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TALNETANT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TELMISARTAN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TIRZEPATIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TM30339	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOLCAPONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VABICASERIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VALACYCLOVIR	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VITAMIN E	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
WITHANOLIDE D	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZELATRIAZIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETAZOLAMIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients (The American journal of psychiatry, 1989) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ADOPRAZINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APN1125	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AUT-00206	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AVL-3288	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD-8418	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AZD6280	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABINOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBAMAZEPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CEFTRIAXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL30	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4594267	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL4594268	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHEMBL5314578	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CROMOLYN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £10–£20 / inhaler or amps · US $15–$30 / supply	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DALZANEMDOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIHYDREXIDINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINSENG, ASIAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GSK-729327	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
JNJ-39393406	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LENRISPODUN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVETIRACETAM	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LINAGLIPTIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDOMAFETAMINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOXIFLOXACIN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALTREXONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	UK £15–£30 / 28–50 tabs (low-dose) · US $20–$40 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NATALIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIMODIPINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OCRELIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PAPAVERINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENTOXIFYLLINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-03654746	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PF-05180999	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PLAZINEMDOR	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRASTERONE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRECLAMOL	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REBOXETINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RG7342	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ROFLUMILAST	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SELEGILINE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SILTUXIMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SODIUM CHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOCILIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIHEXYPHENIDYL HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRYPTOPHAN	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VORINOSTAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZAGOCIGUAT	Small molecule	Phase I	Emerging	35	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALLOPURINOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30-90 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMISULPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ARIPIPRAZOLE LAUROXIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASENAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASENAPINE MALEATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BELAPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZODIAZEPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENZTROPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERBERINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BLONANSERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BREXPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BRILAROXAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROMPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CITALOPRAM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTHIAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOZAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CYSTEAMINE BITARTRATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEXAMETHASONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPYRIDAMOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIROXIMEL FUMARATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DOCONEXENT	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DROPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENTACAPONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FANANSERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FISH OIL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUOXETINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPENTIXOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUSPIRILENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUVASTATIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GADOBENATE DIMEGLUMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINKGO	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLUTAMIC ACID	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HALOPERIDOL LACTATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROCORTISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISRADIPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LOXAPINE SUCCINATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LUMATEPERONE TOSYLATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURASIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LURASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MELATONIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MESORIDAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHYLPREDNISOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLINDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MOLINDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NABIXIMOLS	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEMONAPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NICOTINE POLACRILEX	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
NITROGLYCERIN	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE PAMOATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLSALAZINE SODIUM	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ORGANON	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALBOCICLIB	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALIPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PALIPERIDONE PALMITATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PENFLURIDOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERGOLIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PERPHENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIMOZIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPERACETAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PIPOTIAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PNU-282987	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PREDNISONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	UK £2–£5 / 28–30 tabs · US $4–$8 / 30 tabs	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROCHLORPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRUCALOPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
QUETIAPINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
REMOXIPRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RILUZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RIMCAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
RISPERIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SALSALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SAMIDORPHAN L-MALATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SB-222200	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SEMAGLUTIDE	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SERTINDOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SONEPIPRAZOLE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULPIRIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRABENAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROPALMATINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIORIDAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIOTHIXENE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TOPIRAMATE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIAMCINOLONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUOPERAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUOPERAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIFLUPROMAZINE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ULOTARONT HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
VASOPRESSIN	Biologic	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZUCLOPENTHIXOL	Small molecule	Preclinical	Emerging	15	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	1 Trial pubs View evidence Published literature Clinical trial publication Responses to hypercarbia induced by acetazolamide in panic disorder patients (The American journal of psychiatry, 1989) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALFUZOSIN Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $4–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05535101 — Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Patients With Methamphetamine Use Disorder (UNKNOWN) NA NCT04993300 — Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Amphetamine Addiction (COMPLETED) NA NCT02008396 — Phase 2 Pilot Safety Study of MDMA-assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety in Autistic Adults (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT01863459 — Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in the Treatment of Adult ADHD With Anxiety Disorder Comorbidity (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT00363298 — Dextro-Amphetamine Versus Caffeine in Treatment-resistant OCD (COMPLETED) NA NCT00252174 — MDMA-assisted Therapy in People With Anxiety Related to Advanced Stage Cancer (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT02427568 — MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With a Life-Threatening Illness (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05138068 — Social Anxiety MDMA-Assisted Therapy Investigation (COMPLETED) PHASE2 Published literature Meta-analysis Adverse drug events related to mood and emotion in paediatric patients treated for ADHD: A meta-analysis (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) Clinical trial publication The mixed amphetamine salt extended release (Adderall XR, Max-XR) as an adjunctive to SSRIS or SNRIS in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid partially responsive generalized anxiety: an open-label study (Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders, 2010) Clinical trial publication Double-blind study of dextroamphetamine versus caffeine augmentation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2009) Clinical trial publication Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET (Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2008) Clinical trial publication Changes in EEG mean frequency associated with anxiety and with amphetamine challenge in BPD (Biological psychiatry, 1988) Clinical trial publication A naturalistic study of imipramine in panic disorder and agoraphobia (The American journal of psychiatry, 1987) Randomized controlled trial D-amphetamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder (Psychopharmacology, 1983) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASENAPINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENZPHETAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETHANIDINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CABERGOLINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAPIVASERTIB Repurposing via AKT3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARVEDILOL Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
CARVEDILOL PHOSPHATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$10 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CELECOXIB Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CIPROFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CLOZAPINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CYPROHEPTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAPIPRAZOLE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DAPIPRAZOLE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DEBRISOQUIN Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DEXTROAMPHETAMINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DIAZEPAM Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £1–£3 / 28 tabs · US $3–$8 / 30 tabs	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DICHLORPHENAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIETHYLSTILBESTROL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIPIVEFRIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DISULFIRAM Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOPAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DOXAZOSIN MESYLATE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
DRONEDARONE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DROXIDOPA Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EMPAGLIFLOZIN Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPHEDRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPHEDRINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
EPIRUBICIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOLOID MESYLATES Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ERGOLOID MESYLATES, USP Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERGOTAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ERGOTAMINE TARTRATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHOXZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
EVEROLIMUS Repurposing via AKT3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
EXAGAMGLOGENE AUTOTEMCEL Repurposing via BCL11A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLUMAZENIL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYDROXYAMPHETAMINE HYDROBROMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ILOPERIDONE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
IMIPRAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
INDOMETHACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISOPROTERENOL Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LABETALOL Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MAFENIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MECAMYLAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MEPHENTERMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MEPHENTERMINE SULFATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METARAMINOL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METARAMINOL BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHAMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOTRIMEPRAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
METHOXAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
METHOXSALEN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
METOPROLOL SUCCINATE Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£4 / 28 tabs · US $4–$9 / 30 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
MIANSERIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MIDODRINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £55–£75 / 100 tabs (2.5-5mg) · US $18 / 90 tabs (2.5mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	—
MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £55–£75 / 100 tabs (2.5-5mg) · US $18 / 90 tabs (2.5mg, Cost Plus)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
MODAFINIL Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
MOXISYLYTE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAFTOPIDIL Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NALIDIXIC ACID Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NAPHAZOLINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NAPHAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NEFAZODONE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NICOTINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	8 trials 7 Meta-analysis 32 Trial pubs 29 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07499219 — Preliminary Testing and Development of a Short Digital Intervention for Patients on Waiting Lists for Psychological Treatment (ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION) NA NCT03904186 — Effectiveness of an Integrated Treatment to Address Smoking Cessation and Anxiety/ Depression in People Living With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT01393301 — Integrated Treatment for Smoking Cessation & Anxiety in People With HIV (COMPLETED) NA NCT07024992 — Enhancing Smoking Cessation for African American People Everywhere (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT06957925 — ABC School Intervention Among Ugandan Adolescents (COMPLETED) NA NCT05376397 — Testing THRIVE 365 for Black Sexual Minority Men (On The Daily) (COMPLETED) NA NCT04481373 — Targeting HIV Retention and Improved Viral Load Through Engagement ('THRIVE') (COMPLETED) NA NCT04143243 — One-day Life Skills Workshop for Veterans With TBI, Pain, and Psychopathology: Evaluating Efficacy and Mechanism of Change (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Psychiatric morbidity and gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys (European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025) Meta-analysis Symptom Provocation and Clinical Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (JAMA psychiatry, 2025) Meta-analysis Global prevalence of smoking among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder and symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Health psychology review, 2023) Meta-analysis Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2017) Meta-analysis Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis (The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2015) Systematic review A systematic review of virtual reality therapies for substance use disorders: Impact on secondary treatment outcomes (The American journal on addictions, 2023) Systematic review A systematic review of suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents with psychotic disorders (Schizophrenia research, 2021) Clinical trial publication Personalized chat-based support for smoking cessation among smokers with mental health symptoms in the workplace: A randomized controlled trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025) Clinical trial publication Subjective experiences, contexts, and risk perceptions of very low nicotine content cigarettes and electronic cigarettes among people with depression and anxiety disorders who smoke (Drug and alcohol dependence, 2023) Clinical trial publication The effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes on biomarkers of nicotine and toxicant exposure, smoking behavior and psychiatric symptoms in smokers with mood or anxiety disorders: A double-blind randomized trial (PloS one, 2022) Clinical trial publication Community-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial (Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021) Clinical trial publication A double-blind randomized clinical trial of high frequency rTMS over the DLPFC on nicotine dependence, anxiety and depression (Scientific reports, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NIFEDIPINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
NOREPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
NORTRIPTYLINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLANZAPINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
OXYMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PAPAVERINE Repurposing via ADRA1D	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENDIMETRAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENOXYBENZAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENOXYBENZAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENTOLAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENTOLAMINE MESYLATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLEPHRINE BITARTRATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE POLISTIREX Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PHENYTOIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / supply · US $6–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	—
PRAZOSIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £2–£6 / 28–60 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30–60 tabs	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
PROMAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PROPIOMAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE POLISTIREX Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
QUETIAPINE FUMARATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA (USP) Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
RISPERIDONE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SERTINDOLE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SILODOSIN Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
SIROLIMUS Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
SULBACTAM Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TAMSULOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TAZOBACTAM Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TERAZOSIN Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TERAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TETRAHYDROZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
THIORIDAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZOLINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TOLAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRAZODONE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIFLUOPERAZINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
TRIMIPRAMINE MALEATE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
TROGLITAZONE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
VEMURAFENIB Repurposing via AKT3	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
XYLOMETAZOLINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via ADRA1B	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIPRASIDONE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
DARAPLADIB Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENRETINIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	70	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ISTAROXIME Repurposing via ATP2A2	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	50	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALPRENOLOL Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BROLAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARZENIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMECAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ELLAGIC ACID Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ENISOPROST Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FENCAMFAMIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
FLEROXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
IDOXIFENE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYSERGIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
MERAFLOXACIN Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
TENAMFETAMINE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ZIDAPAMIDE Repurposing via ADRA1A	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	45	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Ashwagandha OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06235177 — Psychoneuromentalism Disorder: A Medical Condition That Affects People With Psychological Impairments From Health Issues (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06714942 — Efficacy and Safety of a Proprietary Blend of Ashwagandha Root Extract (Aqueous) in Adult Men and Women With High Stress and Anxiety: A Randomized, Double-blind, Three-arm, Parallel, Placebo-controlled Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT07441070 — Effect of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults Experiencing Minority Stress (RECRUITING) NA NCT01311180 — A Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Sensoril® for Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT05684991 — Prospective, Multi Centric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of KSM-66 Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and/or Anxiety (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review (Planta medica, 2021) Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) Systematic review Interventions for generalized anxiety disorder (Current opinion in psychiatry, 2023) Systematic review An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2014) Clinical trial publication A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Medicine, 2023) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (Complementary therapies in medicine, 2016) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
CBD (Cannabidiol) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05283382 — Cannabidiol Effects on Learning and Anxiety (RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT03948074 — Cannabis For Cancer-Related Symptoms (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07656350 — Challenging the Endocannabinoid System in Sleep Restricted Healthy Volunteers to Modulate Physiological Arousal (CANISLEEP) Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT04286594 — A Clinical Trial of a Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol Product for Anxiety (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT03549819 — Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: An 8-Week Pilot Study (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT06261502 — Effect of CANnabidiol on Anxiety and GABAergic Function in Individuals with Fragile-X Syndrome (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE2 NCT07651930 — Full-Spectrum Cannabidiol Oil for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT03944447 — Outcomes Mandate National Integration With Cannabis as Medicine (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
CBG (Cannabigerol) OSMF review	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05257044 — Acute Effects of Cannabigerol (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT06638996 — Acute Psychological and Physiological Effects of Cannabigerol (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
L-Theanine OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	7 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07319117 — Evaluation of the Impact of a Nutritional Formulation on Cognitive Performance Following Stress Exposure. (RECRUITING) NA NCT07135232 — The Effects of Resistance Training and a Plant-Based Supplement on Perimenopausal Symptoms and Muscle Health. (RECRUITING) NA NCT06505694 — A Clinical Trial to Assess the Impact of an Alcohol Alternative Herbal Tincture on Signs of Stress Anxiety and Sleep Quality. (COMPLETED) NA NCT07076537 — A Clinical Study on the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Stress, Anxiety, Mood and Sleep in a Pediatric Population (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05857956 — A Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of a Plant-based Energy Shot on Focus and ADHD-like Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT00291070 — Effects of L-Theanine in Boys With ADHD (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07665840 — Effects of L-Theanine and Hericium Erinaceus Gummies on Psychological, Cognitive, and Sleep Quality in University Students (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Clinical trial publication L-theanine combination therapy with fluvoxamine in moderate-to-severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial (Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2023) Clinical trial publication Use of Nutritional Supplements Based on L-Theanine and Vitamin B6 in Children with Tourette Syndrome, with Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot Study (Nutrients, 2022) Clinical trial publication L-theanine in the adjunctive treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Journal of psychiatric research, 2019) Clinical trial publication Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans (BioFactors (Oxford, England), 2006) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Lavender oil OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 1 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 5 Trial pubs 5 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06066073 — "Pain and Emotional Changes on Relationships Between Anxiety and Olfaction" (COMPLETED) NA NCT06949293 — The Effect of Classical Hand Massage, Lavender Inhalation and Hand Massage With Lavender on Anxiety, Pain and Comfort (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT05369936 — Pain Perception: on Relationships Between Dental Anxiety and Olfaction (COMPLETED) NA NCT01809067 — The Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy on Reducing Stress and Anxiety During MRI Procedures. (COMPLETED) NA NCT06769503 — Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety in Relatives of Emergency Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT06241495 — Aromatherapy in Providing a Semen Sample (COMPLETED) NA NCT06598904 — The Effect of Aromatherapy for First Dental Visit Patients (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06045078 — Aromatherapy in Total Knee Replacement (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2019) Meta-analysis How Strong is the Evidence for the Anxiolytic Efficacy of Lavender?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Asian nursing research, 2019) Meta-analysis Efficacy of Silexan in subthreshold anxiety: meta-analysis of randomised, placebo-controlled trials (European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2019) Meta-analysis Lavender Oil Preparation (Silexan) for Treating Anxiety: An Updated Meta-Analysis (Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2017) Clinical trial publication The Effect of Precolonoscopy Lavender Inhalation on Patient Anxiety and Comfort: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded, Single-Center Study (Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 2023) Clinical trial publication Silexan does not cause withdrawal symptoms even when abruptly discontinued (International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2017) Clinical trial publication Lavender oil preparation Silexan is effective in generalized anxiety disorder--a randomized, double-blind comparison to placebo and paroxetine (The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014) Clinical trial publication Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial (International clinical psychopharmacology, 2010) Clinical trial publication A multi-center, double-blind, randomised study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder (Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 2010) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Lemon balm OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Magnesium + Vitamin B6 OSMF review	Supplement	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT07037667 — New Management of PMS Anxiety (COMPLETED) NA NCT05837104 — Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium Vitamin B6 in First Episode Bipolar Disorder (RECRUITING) PHASE2 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Rhodiola rosea OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT07319117 — Evaluation of the Impact of a Nutritional Formulation on Cognitive Performance Following Stress Exposure. (RECRUITING) NA NCT04795557 — Efficacy of Adaptogens in Patients With Long COVID-19 (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence (CNS drugs, 2013) Clinical trial publication A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2008) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation
Saffron OSMF review	Herbal	Preclinical	Emerging	30	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05690126 — Effect of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Emotional Well-being Alterations (UNKNOWN) NA NCT02800733 — Effects of Saffron on Mild to Moderate Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials (Nutritional neuroscience, 2026) Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its active ingredients in the management of neurological and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical evidence and mechanisms (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial (Human psychopharmacology, 2021) Clinical trial publication affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	OSMF Chronic Disease Review	OSMF Review Citation

Natural Products

34 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Probiotics Natural product Cochrane review The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anxiety, depr… Cochrane review Assessment of optimal combinations of therapeutic probiotics for depres… Cochrane review Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System…	Probiotic	Approved	Moderate	26	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 4 Cochrane 8 Meta-analysis 8 Trial pubs 8 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT04780763 — Effect of 4-week Oral Administration of a Fermented Dairy Product Containing Lactobacillus Rhamnosus CNCM I-3690, on Subjective State Anxiety Levels in Healthy Women Undergoing Academic Stress. (COMPLETED) NA NCT05564767 — Effect of Two Probiotic Formulations on Mental Health and Mood Biomarkers in Adults With Depressive Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT06126185 — Open-label Pilot Study Synbiotic Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder (COMPLETED) NA NCT02711800 — The Probiotic Study: Using Bacteria to Calm Your Mind (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07504081 — Maqui Mind: Functional Food for Your Health (ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING) NA NCT04756544 — The Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Parameters and Faecal Microbiota in Patients With Depression Depending on Metabolic Syndrome Comorbidity (UNKNOWN) PHASE3 NCT02334644 — Probiotic Treatment in Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (TERMINATED) PHASE4 NCT04006977 — Multistrain Probiotics Reduces UC Depression and Anxiety Scores (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anxiety, depression, and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (BMC psychiatry, 2025) Cochrane review Assessment of optimal combinations of therapeutic probiotics for depression, anxiety, and stress (Psychological medicine, 2024) Cochrane review Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System Functions in Human Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Nutrients, 2022) Cochrane review From probiotics to psychobiotics - the gut-brain axis in psychiatric disorders (Beneficial microbes, 2020) Meta-analysis Therapeutic Effects of Probiotics on Symptoms of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Placebo-Controlled Trials (Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2026) Systematic review Microbiome modulation as a novel therapeutic modality for anxiety disorders: A review of clinical trials (Behavioural brain research, 2025) Systematic review A Systematic Review of Psychobiotic Interventions in Children and Adolescents to Enhance Cognitive Functioning and Emotional Behavior (Nutrients, 2022) Clinical trial publication Brain-gut co-management: probiotic LAB improves mental health and further reduces disease activity in ulcerative colitis patients with emotional disturbance (Nutritional neuroscience, 2025) Clinical trial publication Effect of Biofeedback Combined with Psychotherapy on Functional Constipation Complicated with Anxiety and Depression (Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2025) Clinical trial publication Maternal mood, anxiety and mental health functioning after combined myo-inositol, probiotics, micronutrient supplementation from preconception: Findings from the NiPPeR RCT (Psychiatry research, 2024) Clinical trial publication Acceptability, Tolerability, and Estimates of Putative Treatment Effects of Probiotics as Adjunctive Treatment in Patients With Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial (JAMA psychiatry, 2023) Clinical trial publication Randomized Controlled Trial of Probiotic PS128 in Children with Tourette Syndrome (Nutrients, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov, Examine.com	Examine.com
Kava Natural product Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and n… Cochrane review Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Generalized Anxie… Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of prec…	Botanical	Approved	Moderate	21	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	7 trials 8 Cochrane 6 Meta-analysis 16 Trial pubs 16 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT00083980 — Kava Kava for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (TERMINATED) PHASE2 NCT04565145 — Biomarker Changes and Anxiolytic Effects-Phase 2 (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT00451516 — St. John's Wort And Kava In The Treatment Of Major Depressive Disorder With Comorbid Anxiety (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT06213298 — Effect of Kava on Anxiety and Stress in Cancer Survivors (SUSPENDED) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT07469527 — Effects of Feel Free® Classic Tonic on Stress and Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Adults (RECRUITING) NA NCT02219880 — Kava for the Treatment of Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT03843502 — A Phased Clinical Trial of Dietary Supplemental Kava: Kava Pharmacokinetics (COMPLETED) PHASE1 Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Cochrane review Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Advances in therapy, 2018) Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Cochrane review Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology (The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2011) Cochrane review Generalised anxiety disorder (BMJ clinical evidence, 2007) Meta-analysis Kava for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Review of Current Evidence (Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2018) Meta-analysis An effect-size analysis of pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2007) Meta-analysis Azapirones for generalized anxiety disorder (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2006) Meta-analysis Meta-analysis of the efficacy of the acetonic kava-kava extract WS1490 in patients with non-psychotic anxiety disorders (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2005) Systematic review Nutritional and herbal supplements for anxiety and anxiety-related disorders: systematic review (Nutrition journal, 2010) Clinical trial publication Neuroimaging Insights: Kava's (Piper methysticum) Effect on Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex GABA in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Nutrients, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of kava (Piper methysticum) on peripheral gene expression among individuals with generalized anxiety disorder: A post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Ashwagandha Natural product Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of prec… Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the manage…	Ayurvedic	Phase II	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06235177 — Psychoneuromentalism Disorder: A Medical Condition That Affects People With Psychological Impairments From Health Issues (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06714942 — Efficacy and Safety of a Proprietary Blend of Ashwagandha Root Extract (Aqueous) in Adult Men and Women With High Stress and Anxiety: A Randomized, Double-blind, Three-arm, Parallel, Placebo-controlled Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT01311180 — A Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Sensoril® for Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07441070 — Effect of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults Experiencing Minority Stress (RECRUITING) NA NCT05684991 — Prospective, Multi Centric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of KSM-66 Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and/or Anxiety (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review (Planta medica, 2021) Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE ass… Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its activ… Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and n…	Botanical	Phase III	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02800733 — Effects of Saffron on Mild to Moderate Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05690126 — Effect of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Emotional Well-being Alterations (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials (Nutritional neuroscience, 2026) Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its active ingredients in the management of neurological and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical evidence and mechanisms (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial (Human psychopharmacology, 2021) Clinical trial publication affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic… Cochrane review Herbal medicines and phytochemicals for obsessive-compulsive disorder	Food compound	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT05518019 — An Exploratory Investigation of a CBD Supplement's Impact on Sleep, Stress, and Focus (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2024) Cochrane review Herbal medicines and phytochemicals for obsessive-compulsive disorder (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Ashwagandha Natural product Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of prec… Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the manage…	Ayurvedic	Phase II	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	5 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06235177 — Psychoneuromentalism Disorder: A Medical Condition That Affects People With Psychological Impairments From Health Issues (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) EARLY_PHASE1 NCT06714942 — Efficacy and Safety of a Proprietary Blend of Ashwagandha Root Extract (Aqueous) in Adult Men and Women With High Stress and Anxiety: A Randomized, Double-blind, Three-arm, Parallel, Placebo-controlled Study (RECRUITING) NA NCT01311180 — A Clinical Trial to Study the Effects of Sensoril® for Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (COMPLETED) PHASE2 NCT07441070 — Effect of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Adults Experiencing Minority Stress (RECRUITING) NA NCT05684991 — Prospective, Multi Centric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of KSM-66 Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) in Adults Experiencing High Stress and/or Anxiety (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review (Planta medica, 2021) Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Meta-analysis Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2022) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Saffron Natural product Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE ass… Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its activ… Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and n…	Botanical	Phase III	Emerging	13	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 4 Cochrane 3 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT02800733 — Effects of Saffron on Mild to Moderate Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (UNKNOWN) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT05690126 — Effect of Saffron Extract Supplementation on Emotional Well-being Alterations (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effect of saffron on depression, anxiety and mood disorder: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 randomized controlled trials (Nutritional neuroscience, 2026) Cochrane review New horizons for the study of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its active ingredients in the management of neurological and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of clinical evidence and mechanisms (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2024) Cochrane review Medicinal herbs for the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (Pharmacological research, 2022) Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of crocin versus fluoxetine in treatment of mild to moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double blind randomized clinical trial (Human psychopharmacology, 2021) Clinical trial publication affron(®), a standardised extract from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for the treatment of youth anxiety and depressive symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Journal of affective disorders, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic… Cochrane review Herbal medicines and phytochemicals for obsessive-compulsive disorder	Food compound	Phase I	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT05518019 — An Exploratory Investigation of a CBD Supplement's Impact on Sleep, Stress, and Focus (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Effect of curcumin supplementation on symptoms of anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2024) Cochrane review Herbal medicines and phytochemicals for obsessive-compulsive disorder (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL, Examine.com	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL Examine.com
Bacopa Natural product Therapeutic Evaluation of Unani Medicine, Including Single Drugs and Po… Investigating the Effects of a Multinutrient Supplement on Cognition, M… Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review	Ayurvedic	Phase I	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT02462642 — Effect of Bacopa Monniera Extract on Cognition and Anxiety and Exploration of PK Properties (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Lavender Natural product Clinical trial publication The Effect of Precolonoscopy Lavender Inhalation on Patient Anxiety and… Clinical trial publication The Effects of Lavender and Citrus aurantium on Anxiety and Agitation o… Clinical trial publication Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in po…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 Meta-analysis 11 Trial pubs 11 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06295874 — The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage on Pain, Anxiety and Comfort (UNKNOWN) NA NCT07113080 — Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass and Lavender Aromatherapy in Reducing Dental Anxiety and Pain Associated With Local Anesthetic Injections in Pediatric Dental Patients (RECRUITING) PHASE4 NCT06581211 — Aromatherapy Oil Associated for Managing Anxiety and Pain During Bone Marrow Biopsy Procedures (SUSPENDED) NA NCT07367594 — Lavender vs Bitter Orange Aromatherapy to Reduce Anxiety and Pain in Pediatric Local Anesthesia (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT07328412 — Aromatherapy to Address Psychological Distress in Emergency Department Patients. (COMPLETED) NA NCT03460145 — Lavender Oil on Preoperative Anxiety and Sedation Requirement in General Anaesthesia (COMPLETED) NA NCT02344745 — Lavender Aromatherapy for Anxiety During Urodynamics (COMPLETED) NA NCT07514299 — Investigation of the Effects of Pre-Angiography Music Interview and Aromatherapy Application on Pain, Anxiety, Fear, and Comfort Levels in Cardiology Patients (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication The Effect of Precolonoscopy Lavender Inhalation on Patient Anxiety and Comfort: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded, Single-Center Study (Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, 2023) Clinical trial publication The Effects of Lavender and Citrus aurantium on Anxiety and Agitation of the Conscious Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Parallel Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (BioMed research international, 2021) Clinical trial publication Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial (Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 2018) Clinical trial publication Effect of aromatherapy massage on anxiety, depression, and physiologic parameters in older patients with the acute coronary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial (International journal of nursing practice, 2017) Clinical trial publication Silexan does not cause withdrawal symptoms even when abruptly discontinued (International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2017) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Black Cohosh Natural product Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with as…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT05067998 — The Benefits of Natural Medicine, Vitamin IV Therapy and Supplements: Maintaining Good Health Through Nature (RECRUITING) NCT00120458 — Black Cohosh as Alternative Therapy for Treating Menopause-Related Anxiety (COMPLETED) PHASE4 Published literature Cochrane review Herbal medicine for depression and anxiety: A systematic review with assessment of potential psycho-oncologic relevance (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Lemon Balm Natural product Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of prec… Meta-analysis The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and an…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT05197413 — Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Arrae's Bloat & Calm Alchemy Capsules to Reduce Bloating, Heartburn and Gas, and Alleviate the Intensity of IBS Symptoms (COMPLETED) NA NCT07076537 — A Clinical Study on the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Stress, Anxiety, Mood and Sleep in a Pediatric Population (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT05602688 — Melissa Officinalis L. Supplementation for Emotional Health and Sleep Disturbance (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review GABA-modulating phytomedicines for anxiety: A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2018) Meta-analysis The effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on depression and anxiety in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2021) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Synbiotics Natural product Cochrane review The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anxiety, depr…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Moderate	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	6 trials 1 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis View evidence Registry trials NCT06126185 — Open-label Pilot Study Synbiotic Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorder (COMPLETED) NA NCT06901739 — Therapeutic Potential of a Synbiotic to Improve Mental Health in Subjects With Obesity. (RECRUITING) NA NCT04784182 — Anti-anxiety Biotics for Breast Cancer Survivors (TERMINATED) NA NCT04776772 — Health Parameters in Soccer Players and Sedentary Individuals After Consuming a Synbiotic (COMPLETED) NA NCT05917379 — The Efficacy and Safty of FMT in Patients With CID (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT04639141 — Combined Gut-brain Therapy for Children With Autism (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anxiety, depression, and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (BMC psychiatry, 2025) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Melatonin Natural product Animal Study Melatonin may stimulate dopaminergic synthesis in the hippocampus in or…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 2 Cochrane View evidence Registry trials NCT02431728 — The Effect of Melatonin Upon Post-Acute Withdrawal Among Males in a Residential Treatment Program (COMPLETED) PHASE1, PHASE2 NCT01355523 — The Effect of Melatonin on Depression, Anxiety, Cognitive Function and Sleep Disturbances in Breast Cancer Patients (TERMINATED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06103188 — Comparing the Effect of Melatonin, Diazepam, and Placebo on Decreasing the Level of Anxiety Preoperatively (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT04230707 — Endogenous Melatonin Levels on Anxiety in Living Liver Donors (UNKNOWN) NCT02415309 — Premedication With Melatonin in Lumbar Medial Branch Block Procedure (COMPLETED) PHASE3 NCT05699876 — Melatonin vs Gabapentin for Post Trauma Surgery (UNKNOWN) NA NCT06997263 — Sublingual Melatonin for Anxiety and Pain in Elective Gynecologic Surgery (COMPLETED) NA NCT01486615 — Premedication With Melatonin and Alprazolam Combination Versus Alprazolam or Melatonin Alone (COMPLETED) PHASE4 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Tamsulosin Natural product The effect of psychological intervention combined with standard pharmac… The use of tamsulosin to prevent postoperative urinary retention in lap… [Acupuncture combined with western medicine for CP/CPPS:a randomized co…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Terazosin Natural product Prazosin during fear conditioning facilitates subsequent extinction in… Alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor blockade in the VTA modulates fear memorie… The psychological effects of treatments for lower urinary tract symptoms	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Staurosporine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Gsk-690693 Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Ruboxistaurin Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Paxilline Natural product Intranasal oxytocin alleviates postsurgical pain and comorbid anxiety i… Pharmacological inhibition of BKCa channels induces a specific social d… BK channel blocker paxilline attenuates thalidomide-caused synaptic and…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	No indexed hits View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nifedipine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Nitrendipine Natural product Disparate effects of initial antihypertensive therapy on well-being	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Verapamil Natural product Efficacy of Nortriptyline-Topiramate and Verapamil-Paroxetine in Tinnit… Effects of six anti-hypertensive medications on cognitive performance The value of anti-anxiety drugs in the management of cardiac disease	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Methscopolamine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Himbacine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Carbachol Natural product Oral administration of kratom leaf extract alleviates anxiety-like beha… Selective enhancement of the interneuron network and gamma-band power v… Selective Enhancement of the Interneuron Network and Gamma-Band Power v…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Arecoline Natural product Cholinergic REM sleep induction in atypical depression	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Atropine Natural product Safety and Effectiveness of Palliative Drug Treatment in the Last Days… Side effects can enhance treatment response through expectancy effects:… Use of intrathecal neostigmine as an adjunct to other spinal medication…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Oxotremorine Natural product Chronic Loss of Muscarinic M5 Receptor Function Manifests Disparate Imp… Anxiolytic effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors agonist oxotre… The involvement of cholinergic and noradrenergic systems in behavioral…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Muscarine Natural product Muscarinic receptors modulate the intrinsic excitability of infralimbic…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL PubChem ChEMBL
Caffeine Natural product	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—	ClinicalTrials.gov	PubChem
Fucoidan Natural product Animal Study Fucoidan prevents depression-like behavior in rats exposed to repeated…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Musk (Animal) Natural product Animal Study Musk exhibits an antidepressant effect an animal model of depression.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Chrysin Natural product Animal Study The antidepressant-like effect of chrysin in chronically stressed mice…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

Generated by OSMF Disease Intelligence Pipeline · Schema 1.1.0

Disease overview

Remission & chronicity

Alterations

Therapeutics

Natural Products

The research patients need, made open source.

Conditions

Data

Tools

Foundation