Acne Vulgaris

Disease overview

Alterations

Molecular (A)

Clinical (B–E)

Trial outcome measures (T)

Direct drugs

135

Via biomarker

404

Natural agents

Natural products

Merged ranked

538

With trial/literature evidence

Sources: Open Targets, HPO, ClinicalTrials.gov, DGIdb, ChEMBL, PubMed Literature, Examine.com, PubMed NP Literature · Pipeline phase 7 · Updated 2026-10-15

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission

Spontaneous resolution by adulthood in majority (persistent adult acne in 12-22% of women, 3% of men); moderate-severe acne rarely self-resolves; scarring occurs in up to 95% without adequate treatment

Best-intervention remission

Oral isotretinoin: 85-90% achieve sustained remission (acne-free at 5 years) after one course; relapse requiring retreat in 15-20%; topical adapalene + benzoyl peroxide: 65-70% reduction in inflammatory lesions at 12 weeks

Drug-free remission

—

Relapse after remission

—

Chronicity

—

Gap size

Large — isotretinoin is highly effective but dramatically underused due to iPLEDGE programme barriers and pregnancy concerns; patients spend years on antibiotics instead

Primary barrier

access/framing

Barrier detail: The iPLEDGE programme creates substantial barriers to isotretinoin access (monthly blood tests, pregnancy tests, pharmacy restrictions); this leads to years of antibiotic courses creating antibiotic resistance and allowing scarring to progress; acne is not considered a 'serious' disease despite causing significant psychological morbidity and permanent scarring

Last SoC change: 2022 — FDA approved clascoterone (Winlevi) — first androgen receptor inhibitor for acne; 2021 Accutane biosimilar access improved; 2019 AAD guidelines updated; isotretinoin approved 1982; tetracycline antibiotics for acne since 1950s

Remission data layers: disease_db_100 · source-locked manual data · confidence: high

Identifiers: MONDO: MONDO:0011438

Alterations

79 total · Types A (molecular) through E (functional). Molecular rows are Open Targets gene–disease associations (evidence column = OT association score), not measured levels; phenotypes are HPO terms annotated directly to this disease (Monarch); type T rows are outcome measures used in completed ClinicalTrials.gov studies, not alterations of the disease.

Hide alterations without a value (no direction or frequency)

Name	Type	Subtype	Direction	Frequency	Evidence	Sources	Links
MMP1 matrix metallopeptidase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.62	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ESR1 estrogen receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RARG retinoic acid receptor gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RARA retinoic acid receptor alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RARB retinoic acid receptor beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.61	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MMP13 matrix metallopeptidase 13	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MMP7 matrix metallopeptidase 7	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MMP8 matrix metallopeptidase 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PGR progesterone receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.60	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AR androgen receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.59	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C2 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.58	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SEMA4B semaphorin 4B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.53	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.51	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDC42BPG CDC42 binding protein kinase gamma	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.42	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LAMC1 laminin subunit gamma 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.41	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LAMC2 laminin subunit gamma 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.40	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PGA5 pepsinogen A5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.37	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ACACA acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ACACB acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.36	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FST follistatin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.35	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MYEOV myeloma overexpressed	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.33	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NAV2 neuron navigator 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PNPLA3 patatin like domain 3, 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.32	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MAP3K11 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.30	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FGF10 fibroblast growth factor 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BORCS5 BLOC-1 related complex subunit 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.28	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CSTA cystatin A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BCL11A BCL11 transcription factor A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.27	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
RASSF10 Ras association domain family member 10	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SHB SH2 domain containing adaptor protein B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CLEC16A C-type lectin domain containing 16A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYSLTR1 cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LYPLAL1 lysophospholipase like 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DLC1 DLC1 Rho GTPase activating protein	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.26	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LGR6 leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 6	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MOCS2 molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ADAMTS18 ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 18	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.25	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IDH2 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.24	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DLG1 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.23	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
SAMD12 sterile alpha motif domain containing 12	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.22	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PAWR pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.22	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
EDAR ectodysplasin A receptor	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.21	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IKZF1 IKAROS family zinc finger 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.21	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
DEXI Dexi homolog	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
LGR5 leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.19	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FADS2 fatty acid desaturase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FLG filaggrin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ITGA2 integrin subunit alpha 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.18	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CCDC57 coiled-coil domain containing 57	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.16	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CRELD2 CRELD disulfide isomerase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.16	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ERRFI1 ERBB receptor feedback inhibitor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.16	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PPP1R12B protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.15	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ALG12 ALG12 alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.13	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
FADS1 fatty acid desaturase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.13	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ANKRD55 ankyrin repeat domain 55	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.13	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL17A interleukin 17A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
MIX23 mitochondrial matrix import factor 23	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PRDM1 PR/SET domain 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.12	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL1B interleukin 1 beta	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IGF1 insulin like growth factor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL1A interleukin 1 alpha	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.11	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
GHRL ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
BIRC5 baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CXCL8 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CNR1 cannabinoid receptor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.10	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PINX1 PIN2 (TERF1) interacting telomerase inhibitor 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
IL19 interleukin 19	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PTGS1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
AFG2A AAA ATPase AFG2A	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
INS insulin	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
KRT84 keratin 84	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
NDUFS4 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.09	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CYP21A2 cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
CDK5R2 cyclin dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.08	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
PACSIN3 protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons 3	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.05	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
ARFGAP2 ARF GTPase activating protein 2	Molecular	Gene	—	—	OT score 0.02	Open Targets	UniProt Ensembl Open Targets
Frequency of adverse events (AEs)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—
Local Tolerability (Erythema)	Trial outcome measure	Lab value	—	—	Trial outcome measure	ClinicalTrials.gov	—

Therapeutics

Direct disease associations, biomarker-linked drugs, OSMF narrative-review natural agents, and merged ranking. Only agents with registry trials or published clinical literature are shown by default.

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
OFLOXACIN	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	100	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	1 RCT View evidence Published literature Randomized controlled trial Randomized pilot trial of eight weeks of bedaquiline (TMC207) treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: long-term outcome, tolerability, and effect on emergence of drug resistance (Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Open Targets, ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENORILATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOLATE SODIUM Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUTAMBEN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
CAFFEINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIFEDIOL ANHYDROUS Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCIPOTRIENE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CALCITRIOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CAMPTOTHECIN Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CANRENONE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
CARBACHOL Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
CARBAMAZEPINE Repurposing	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Sources	Links
AZITHROMYCIN	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERDAZIMER SODIUM	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFIDOBACTERIUM SPP.	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DENIFANSTAT	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ETHYL LINOLEATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HONOKIOL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
HYALURONIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
KETOCONAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LYMECYCLINE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
MONTELUKAST	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	UK £2–£5 / 28 tabs · US $5–$12 / 30 tabs	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
OLUMACOSTAT GLASARETIL	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
PYRUVATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
SPIRONOLACTONE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRICHLOROACETIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
TRIETHYL CITRATE	Small molecule	Phase III	Moderate	80	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACEBILUSTAT	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
AFAMELANOTIDE	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
APREMILAST	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
ASCORBIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BERMEKIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BMX-010	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CALCIPOTRIENE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CANNABIDIOL	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Varies (specialist) · US $30–$80 / 30-day (varies by product)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CHLORIN E6	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CJM-112	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
CLOTRIMAZOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
DIMETHYLCURCUMIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
FINASTERIDE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GENTAMICIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GEVOKIZUMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GINGER	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
GLYCOLIC ACID	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IBUPROFEN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	UK Very low cost OTC/prescription · US Very low cost	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IMSIDOLIMAB	Biologic	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
INGENOL DISOXATE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
IVERMECTIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEMUTEPORFIN	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets
LEVAMISOLE	Small molecule	Phase II	Emerging	60	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	Open Targets	ChEMBL Open Targets

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
3,3',4',5-TETRACHLOROSALICYLANILIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ABIRATERONE ACETATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ACETAZOLAMIDE Repurposing via ACACA	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	UK £3–£8 / 28–56 tabs · US $8–$15 / 30 tabs	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ACETOPHENAZINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ALCLOFENAC Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
ALCLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMCINONIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMDINOCILLIN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMIODARONE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMLEXANOX Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
AMPHETAMINE Repurposing via ACACA	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
APOMORPHINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE Repurposing via BIRC5	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	3 pubs View evidence CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	DGIdb	—
ASTEMIZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATALUREN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATRACURIUM BESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
ATROPINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZACITIDINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
AZARIBINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BENORILATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BETAMETHASONE VALERATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BICALUTAMIDE Repurposing via ACACA	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	ChEMBL	ChEMBL Open Targets
BIFONAZOLE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BISACODYL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOL Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BITHIONOLATE SODIUM Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BORTEZOMIB Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Hospital / IV specialty — prices per vial or dose (often hundreds–thousands USD/GBP)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	—
BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUPRENORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDE Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets
BUTAMBEN Repurposing via AR	Small molecule	Approved	Strong	95	Varies — check openprescribing.net (UK) or costplusdrugs.com / GoodRx (US)	—	DGIdb	ChEMBL Open Targets

Natural Products

89 natural products with the same evidence schema as repurposed drugs — registry trials, PubMed literature, and reference links (pipeline-ranked). Only agents with direct clinical evidence are shown by default.

Reference lookups: Examine.com

Show agents without direct trial evidence

Drug	Type	Phase	Evidence	Score	Price (UK / US)	Trials & literature	Sources	Links
Zinc Natural product Cochrane review Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Sy… Cochrane review Possible relationship between poor skin disorders prognosis and serum z… Cochrane review Evidence-based topical treatments (azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicoti…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06120452 — A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Acne Serum in Improving Facial Acne and Post-Acne Pigmentation (COMPLETED) NA NCT05151055 — Lactoferrin + Vitamin E + Zinc for Hormonal Acne (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03626298 — Efficacy and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Plus Cream for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT04975412 — Relationship of Whole Blood Zinc Levels to Acne Severity (COMPLETED) NCT05779085 — Efficacy of a Deep Cleansing Gel Containing 2% Salicylic Acid, 0.2% Zinc Gluconate and 0.05% Lipohydroxy Acid in the Management of Mild to Moderate Facial Acne (COMPLETED) NCT03466658 — Preoperative Jumpstart for Decolonization of P. Acnes (TERMINATED) NA NCT06775314 — The Effectiveness and Safety of Cleanser Containing Triethyl Citrate, Pyruvic Acid, Combination Cream Containing Triethyl Citrate, Ethyl Linoleate, GT Peptide-10, Salicylic Acid 0,5%, Zinc Lactate, Hyaluronic Acid and Spot Cream Containing Triethyl Citrate, Ethyl Linoleate, GT Peptide-10, Honokiol (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Systematic Review (JAMA dermatology, 2023) Cochrane review Possible relationship between poor skin disorders prognosis and serum zinc level: A narrative review (Dermatology reports, 2022) Cochrane review Evidence-based topical treatments (azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulfur, zinc, and fruit acid) for acne: an abridged version of a Cochrane systematic review (Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2020) Cochrane review Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha-hydroxy acid) for acne (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence (American journal of clinical dermatology, 2020) Clinical trial publication Rapid and Visible Efficacy of a Dermocosmetic in Acne Patients With Fair Skin Phototypes: Results of a Randomized Split-Face Study (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of a multitargeted, salicylic acid-based dermocosmetic cream compared to benzoyl peroxide 5% in Acne vulgaris: Results from a randomized study (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of a retinoid complex plus anti-inflammatory component cream alone or in combination with prebiotic food supplement in adult acne: A randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, multicenter trial on 184 women (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Clinical assessment of topical erythromycin gel with and without zinc acetate for treating mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris (The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of moisturizer containing 5% panthenol, madecassoside, and copper-zinc-manganese versus 0.02% triamcinolone acetonide cream in decreasing adverse reaction and downtime after ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: A split-face, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2019) Randomized controlled trial Novel combination for the treatment of acne differentiated based on gender: a new step towards personalized treatment (Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of… Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	6 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05758259 — The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Vitamin D and Supplementation In Acne Vulgaris The Study of VDR, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 Expression (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00416585 — Effects of Roaccutane on Ca, P, PTH and Vitamin D Metabolites in the Treatment of Sever Acne (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01694433 — "Clinical Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Vitamin D for Acne Therapy" (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06141330 — Vitamin D Supplementation in Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT03866447 — Role of Vitamin D and Its Topical Analogues in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04204304 — Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Musculoskeletal Adverse Effects in Patients Using Isotretinoin (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
N-Acetylcysteine Natural product Systematic review A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris… Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modula…	Amino acid	Preclinical	Moderate	20	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06179056 — Anti-microbial Role of Non-antibiotic Agents Against Cutibacterium Acnes in Patients With Acne Vulgaris (COMPLETED) Published literature Systematic review A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne-related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies (Dermatologic therapy, 2021) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modulation of metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Zinc Natural product Cochrane review Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Sy… Cochrane review Possible relationship between poor skin disorders prognosis and serum z… Cochrane review Evidence-based topical treatments (azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicoti…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials 11 Cochrane 4 Meta-analysis 47 Trial pubs 28 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06120452 — A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Acne Serum in Improving Facial Acne and Post-Acne Pigmentation (COMPLETED) NA NCT05151055 — Lactoferrin + Vitamin E + Zinc for Hormonal Acne (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT03626298 — Efficacy and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Plus Cream for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT04975412 — Relationship of Whole Blood Zinc Levels to Acne Severity (COMPLETED) NCT05779085 — Efficacy of a Deep Cleansing Gel Containing 2% Salicylic Acid, 0.2% Zinc Gluconate and 0.05% Lipohydroxy Acid in the Management of Mild to Moderate Facial Acne (COMPLETED) NCT03466658 — Preoperative Jumpstart for Decolonization of P. Acnes (TERMINATED) NA NCT06775314 — The Effectiveness and Safety of Cleanser Containing Triethyl Citrate, Pyruvic Acid, Combination Cream Containing Triethyl Citrate, Ethyl Linoleate, GT Peptide-10, Salicylic Acid 0,5%, Zinc Lactate, Hyaluronic Acid and Spot Cream Containing Triethyl Citrate, Ethyl Linoleate, GT Peptide-10, Honokiol (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) PHASE3 Published literature Cochrane review Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Nutraceuticals for Treating Acne: A Systematic Review (JAMA dermatology, 2023) Cochrane review Possible relationship between poor skin disorders prognosis and serum zinc level: A narrative review (Dermatology reports, 2022) Cochrane review Evidence-based topical treatments (azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulfur, zinc, and fruit acid) for acne: an abridged version of a Cochrane systematic review (Journal of evidence-based medicine, 2020) Cochrane review Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha-hydroxy acid) for acne (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2020) Cochrane review Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence (American journal of clinical dermatology, 2020) Clinical trial publication Rapid and Visible Efficacy of a Dermocosmetic in Acne Patients With Fair Skin Phototypes: Results of a Randomized Split-Face Study (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2026) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of a multitargeted, salicylic acid-based dermocosmetic cream compared to benzoyl peroxide 5% in Acne vulgaris: Results from a randomized study (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2024) Clinical trial publication Efficacy of a retinoid complex plus anti-inflammatory component cream alone or in combination with prebiotic food supplement in adult acne: A randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group, multicenter trial on 184 women (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2022) Clinical trial publication Clinical assessment of topical erythromycin gel with and without zinc acetate for treating mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris (The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of moisturizer containing 5% panthenol, madecassoside, and copper-zinc-manganese versus 0.02% triamcinolone acetonide cream in decreasing adverse reaction and downtime after ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing: A split-face, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2019) Randomized controlled trial Novel combination for the treatment of acne differentiated based on gender: a new step towards personalized treatment (Giornale italiano di dermatologia e venereologia : organo ufficiale, Societa italiana di dermatologia e sifilografia, 2018) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin D3 Natural product Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study Vitamin A and E plasma levels have an important role in the pathogenesi… Human Study Vitamin D deficiency was more frequent in patients with acne.	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	19	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	6 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT05758259 — The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Vitamin D and Supplementation In Acne Vulgaris The Study of VDR, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 Expression (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT00416585 — Effects of Roaccutane on Ca, P, PTH and Vitamin D Metabolites in the Treatment of Sever Acne (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT01694433 — "Clinical Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Vitamin D for Acne Therapy" (COMPLETED) PHASE2, PHASE3 NCT06141330 — Vitamin D Supplementation in Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT03866447 — Role of Vitamin D and Its Topical Analogues in Pathogenesis and Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04204304 — Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Musculoskeletal Adverse Effects in Patients Using Isotretinoin (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Meta-analysis Selenium levels and skin diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Selenium levels and skin diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Silymarin Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for acne vulgaris treatment: A… Clinical trial publication Treatment of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Post-Inflammatory Dyschromia With… Clinical trial publication Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels…	Botanical	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05666765 — Comparison Between Isotretinoin, Silymarin and Both in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04490967 — Silymarin Cream Versus Salicylic Acid in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06376110 — Single-Blind Study Assessing the Use of a Topical Antioxidant With A Series of Laser Procedures to Reduce Sebum Production (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for acne vulgaris treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2026) Clinical trial publication Treatment of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Post-Inflammatory Dyschromia With Combination of Non-Ablative Laser Therapy and Topical Antioxidants (Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2024) Clinical trial publication Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels in Acne Vulgaris: A Split-Face Clinical Trial (Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes in patients taking isotretinoin: A randomized clinical trial (Dermatologic therapy, 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris (Dermatologic therapy, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic rev… Meta-analysis Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a syst… Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and meta…	Food compound	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 2 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03563365 — The Functional and Emotional Benefits of Replenix Power of Three With Resveratrol (TERMINATED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Endocrine, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (The Pan African medical journal, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic profile in women with PCOS (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021) Clinical trial publication Resveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a single-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot study (American journal of clinical dermatology, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Niacin Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study Vitamin A and E plasma levels have an important role in the pathogenesi…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Moderate	17	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT06120452 — A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Acne Serum in Improving Facial Acne and Post-Acne Pigmentation (COMPLETED) NA NCT03626298 — Efficacy and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Plus Cream for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT07121439 — Efficacy and Safety of a Combined Serum Containing Melasyl™, 10% Niacinamide, Hyaluronic Acid, and HEPES (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06822335 — Clinical Efficacy of the Product in the Management of Facial Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIHP) Subjects (COMPLETED) NCT05457621 — Effectiveness and Tolerance of Effaclar Serum in Women With Mandibular Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT05446402 — Investigation of the Tolerability of Two Facial Cleansing Routines for Mild to Moderate Acne (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05497323 — Effectivity and Safety of Combination Cream of Salicylic Acid, Aqua Posae Filiformis, Niacinamide, Lipohydroxy Acid, Procerad and Zinc PCA (UNKNOWN) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Niacin Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study Vitamin A and E plasma levels have an important role in the pathogenesi…	Nutraceutical	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	8 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT06120452 — A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Acne Serum in Improving Facial Acne and Post-Acne Pigmentation (COMPLETED) NA NCT03626298 — Efficacy and Tolerability of Nicotinamide Plus Cream for Moderate Acne Vulgaris in Indonesia (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT07121439 — Efficacy and Safety of a Combined Serum Containing Melasyl™, 10% Niacinamide, Hyaluronic Acid, and HEPES (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT06822335 — Clinical Efficacy of the Product in the Management of Facial Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIHP) Subjects (COMPLETED) NCT05457621 — Effectiveness and Tolerance of Effaclar Serum in Women With Mandibular Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT05446402 — Investigation of the Tolerability of Two Facial Cleansing Routines for Mild to Moderate Acne (COMPLETED) PHASE4 NCT05497323 — Effectivity and Safety of Combination Cream of Salicylic Acid, Aqua Posae Filiformis, Niacinamide, Lipohydroxy Acid, Procerad and Zinc PCA (UNKNOWN) PHASE1 CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Silymarin Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for acne vulgaris treatment: A… Clinical trial publication Treatment of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Post-Inflammatory Dyschromia With… Clinical trial publication Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels…	Botanical	Approved	Emerging	16	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 1 Cochrane 4 Trial pubs 3 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05666765 — Comparison Between Isotretinoin, Silymarin and Both in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT04490967 — Silymarin Cream Versus Salicylic Acid in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris (UNKNOWN) PHASE4 NCT06376110 — Single-Blind Study Assessing the Use of a Topical Antioxidant With A Series of Laser Procedures to Reduce Sebum Production (UNKNOWN) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of oral doxycycline for acne vulgaris treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2026) Clinical trial publication Treatment of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Post-Inflammatory Dyschromia With Combination of Non-Ablative Laser Therapy and Topical Antioxidants (Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2024) Clinical trial publication Topical Silymarin Cream as a Novel Therapy Versus Salicylic Acid Peels in Acne Vulgaris: A Split-Face Clinical Trial (Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery, 2024) Clinical trial publication The effect of silymarin on liver enzymes in patients taking isotretinoin: A randomized clinical trial (Dermatologic therapy, 2020) Clinical trial publication Efficacy and safety of oral silymarin in comparison with oral doxycycline and their combination therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris (Dermatologic therapy, 2019) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
N-Acetylcysteine Natural product Systematic review A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris… Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modula…	Amino acid	Phase I	Emerging	13	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06179056 — Anti-microbial Role of Non-antibiotic Agents Against Cutibacterium Acnes in Patients With Acne Vulgaris (COMPLETED) Published literature Systematic review A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne-related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies (Dermatologic therapy, 2021) Clinical trial publication Evaluation of the efficacy of an antioxidant combination for the modulation of metabolic, endocrine, and clinical parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Cocoa Flavanols Natural product	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Moderate	13	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01193764 — Study Assessing the Effect of Chocolate Consumption in Subjects With A History of Acne Vulgaris (TERMINATED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	Examine.com
Resveratrol Natural product Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic rev… Meta-analysis Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a syst… Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and meta…	Food compound	Approved	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 2 Meta-analysis 2 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT03563365 — The Functional and Emotional Benefits of Replenix Power of Three With Resveratrol (TERMINATED) PHASE4 Published literature Meta-analysis Effects of resveratrol on polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Endocrine, 2024) Meta-analysis Efficacy of resveratrol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (The Pan African medical journal, 2023) Clinical trial publication Effect of resveratrol on menstrual cyclicity, hyperandrogenism and metabolic profile in women with PCOS (Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021) Clinical trial publication Resveratrol-containing gel for the treatment of acne vulgaris: a single-blind, vehicle-controlled, pilot study (American journal of clinical dermatology, 2011) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Selenium Natural product Meta-analysis Selenium levels and skin diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit…	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 1 Meta-analysis 1 Trial pubs 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Meta-analysis Selenium levels and skin diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis (Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2020) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed	Examine.com	PubChem Examine.com
Vitamin E Natural product Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of…	Nutraceutical	Phase II	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	4 trials 7 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT05151055 — Lactoferrin + Vitamin E + Zinc for Hormonal Acne (UNKNOWN) PHASE2 NCT05879406 — A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Clear Skin Formula on Mitigating Mild to Moderate Non-cystic Acne (COMPLETED) NA NCT05756881 — Topical Palm Tocotrienols on Blemish-prone Skin (TERMINATED) NA NCT05873933 — An Investigation of a Multi-Function Skincare Product to Improve Aging, Eczema, and Acne Outcomes (WITHDRAWN) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Folate Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo…	Nutraceutical	Phase I	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials 1 Meta-analysis 6 Trial pubs View evidence Registry trials NCT03386942 — A Study of MORAb-202 (Herein Referred to as Farletuzumab Ecteribulin) in Participants With Solid Tumors (COMPLETED) PHASE1 NCT07021495 — SKIN Disease Profiling by an Exploratory, pRospective, Biomarker Study in dermatoloGY Practice (SKINERGY) (RECRUITING) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Natural product Clinical trial publication Effect of isotretinoin and omega-3 fatty acid combination on lipid meta… Clinical trial publication The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microb… Human Study Exploring the potential of omega-3 fatty acids in acne patients.	Nutraceutical	Phase III	Emerging	10	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	3 trials 2 Trial pubs 2 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT07583121 — Impact of a Daily Application of an Omega-3 Monoglycerides Based Serum and Cream on the Skin Microbiota (NOT_YET_RECRUITING) NA NCT01764308 — Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Acne Patients (TERMINATED) PHASE3 NCT06155513 — Omega-3 Monoglyceride Based Topic Products as Skin Prebiotics for Eczema (TERMINATED) NA Published literature Clinical trial publication Effect of isotretinoin and omega-3 fatty acid combination on lipid metabolism in patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial (Lipids in health and disease, 2026) Clinical trial publication The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris (The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Egcg Natural product Human Study Decaffeinated green tea extract resulted in significant reductions in l… Human Study Topical 2% green tea lotion is effective in mild-to-moderate acne vulga… In Vitro Study Pomegranate and green tea extracts antibacterial properties may offer a…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	2 trials View evidence Registry trials NCT01846338 — The Effect of「GTT-EGCG」on Acne Women (UNKNOWN) NA NCT01687556 — EGCG Improves Acne by Modulating Molecular Targets (COMPLETED) NA CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Curcumin Natural product Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol administration as assessed by… Cochrane review Promising plant-derived secondary metabolites for treatment of acne vul… Randomized controlled trial Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy for mild to moderate Acne: A sel…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	1 trials 2 Cochrane 1 Meta-analysis 1 RCT View evidence Registry trials NCT06097871 — RCT of an Oral Acne Supplement for Adult Women (COMPLETED) NA Published literature Cochrane review Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol administration as assessed by hormonal, glycolipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in patients with PCOS: a meta-analysis and systematic review (Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2025) Cochrane review Promising plant-derived secondary metabolites for treatment of acne vulgaris: a mechanistic review (Archives of dermatological research, 2020) Randomized controlled trial Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy for mild to moderate Acne: A self-controlled split-face randomized study (Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 2024) CT.gov search · Cochrane · PubMed		PubChem
Probiotics Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implica… Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef… In Vitro Study Lactobacillus paraplantarum THG-G10 as a potential anti-acne agent with…	Probiotic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bitter Melon Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study In vitro and in vivo screening of wild bitter melon leaf for anti-infla… Animal Study, In Vitro Study Wild bitter melon leaf extract effectively inhibits P. acnes induced in…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lactobacillus Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implica… Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef… In Vitro Study Lactobacillus paraplantarum THG-G10 as a potential anti-acne agent with…	Probiotic	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Echinacea Natural product In Vitro Study Echinacea may have potential value in treating acne through control of…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Chamomile Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris.	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cinnamon Natural product	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	7	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Cannabidiol Natural product Human In Vitro Cannabidiol has potential as a promising therapeutic agent for the trea… Human In Vitro Phytocannabinoids could be efficient and safe novel treatments in the m… In Vitro Study Potential of cannabidiol as acne and acne scar treatment	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Licorice Natural product In Vitro Study Licochalcone A attenuates acne symptoms mediated by suppression of NLRP… In Vitro Study Licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) demonstrates remarkable antibacterial aga…	Botanical	Preclinical	Emerging	2	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Tea Tree Natural product Human Study A combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera was better than… Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef… Human Study Tea applied topically as a lotion is efficacious in the treatment of ac…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Aloe Vera Natural product Human Study A combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera was better than…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Azelaic Acid Natural product Human Study Azelaic acid 20 % cream significantly improves acne severity and diseas… Human Study Azelaic acid may be considered as a viable option for treatment of acne…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Evening Primrose Oil Natural product Human Study Evening primrose oil was found to have beneficial effects on lipid prof… Human Study The addition of evening primrose oil improved xerotic cheilitis in acne…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Phloretin Natural product Human In Vitro, Human Study Phloretin inhibits the growth of P. acnes, P. granulosum, and S. epider… In Vitro Study Phloretin may be useful in the prevention or treatment of P. acnes infe…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Passion Fruit Natural product Human Study Topical use of passion fruit purple variant seeds extract improves acne… In Vitro Study Seed extract of P. edulis Sims var. edulis had good antibacterial activ…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Hops Natural product Animal Study Compounds found in hops have antibacterial activity against acne-causin… In Vitro Study Due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects hop…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Pomegranate Natural product Animal Study Pomegranate extract is abundant in hydrolysable tannins that display mu… In Vitro Study Pomegranate and green tea extracts antibacterial properties may offer a…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Rose Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris. In Vitro Study Rosa davurica Pall. improves Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammato… In Vitro Study Rosemary essential oil is antibacterial against acne-causing propiobact…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Mangosteen Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Mangifera indica is microbiota friendly and efficient against lipase ac… In Vitro Study Mangosteen contains compounds with potent free radical scavenging and a… In Vitro Study Mangosteen contains the compound alpha-mangostin which has significant…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Basil Natural product Review Perspectives on the combined effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Copper Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Vitamin B-3 (Niacin) Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bee Propolis Natural product Human Study A combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera was better than…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Yeast Natural product Human Study Acne has been successfully treated with a year preparation.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Burdock Natural product Human Study Anti-acne action of peptides isolated from burdock root-preliminary stu…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cannabis Natural product Human Study Cannabis seeds extract could be used in the treatment of acne vulgaris,…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Chlorophyll Natural product Human Study chlorophyll-a photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris c…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Copaiba Essential Oil Natural product Human Study Copaiba essential oil was applied on volunteers with acne in a double b… Animal Study Essential oil and juice from bergamot and sweet orange improve acne vul… In Vitro Study Cryptomeria japonica essential oil inhibits the growth of drug-resistan…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate) Natural product Human Study Decaffeinated green tea extract resulted in significant reductions in l…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Guggul Natural product Human Study Guggul extract is as at least as effective as tetracycline in treating…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fos (Fructooligosaccharides) Natural product Human Study Intake of prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharide…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Galacto-Oligosaccharides Natural product Human Study Intake of prebiotic fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharide…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Fermented Foods and Beverages Natural product Meta Analysis There exists convincing data supporting the role of dairy products and… Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Japanese Cypress Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Nigella Sativa (Aka Black Seed) Natural product Human Study N. sativa hydrogel had significant effects on improving the symptoms of…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ginseng (Korean) Natural product Human Study Red ginseng extract containing panaxynol and panaxydol can effectively…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Stryphnodendron Adstringens Natural product Human Study Stryphnodendron adstringens bark extract has therapuetic activity in su…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Ayurvedic Formulation: Sunder Vati Natural product Human Study Evaluating the efficacy of curcumin plus serratiopeptidase formulation… Human Study The Ayurvedic formula Sunder Vati significantly reduces lesion count in…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Vitamin a Natural product Human Study A combination of nicotinamide 750 mg, zinc 25 mg, copper 1.5 mg, and fo… Human Study Depressed levels of glutathione peroxidase are observed in patients wit… Human Study Efficacy and safety of calcipotriol as a potential topical treatment of…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Cannabidivarin Natural product Human In Vitro Phytocannabinoids could be efficient and safe novel treatments in the m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cannabigerol Natural product Human In Vitro Phytocannabinoids could be efficient and safe novel treatments in the m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cannabigerovarin Natural product Human In Vitro Phytocannabinoids could be efficient and safe novel treatments in the m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cannabinoids Natural product Human In Vitro Phytocannabinoids could be efficient and safe novel treatments in the m…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Mango Natural product Animal Study, In Vitro Study Mangifera indica is microbiota friendly and efficient against lipase ac… In Vitro Study Mangosteen contains compounds with potent free radical scavenging and a… In Vitro Study Mangosteen contains the compound alpha-mangostin which has significant…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Bergamot Natural product Animal Study Essential oil and juice from bergamot and sweet orange improve acne vul…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Lactobacillus Paraplantarum Natural product Human Study Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implica… Human Study Lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa treatment was rapid and ef… In Vitro Study Lactobacillus paraplantarum THG-G10 as a potential anti-acne agent with…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Salicylic Acid Natural product In Vitro Study Clinical comparison of salicylic acid peel and LED-Laser phototherapy f…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cryptomeria Japonica Natural product In Vitro Study Cryptomeria japonica essential oil inhibits the growth of drug-resistan…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Broccoli Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Cauliflower Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Myrtle Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Nettle Natural product In Vitro Study Efficacy of two plant extracts against acne vulgaris.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Emodin Natural product In Vitro Study Emodin exhibits anti-acne potential.	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Herb Bennet Natural product In Vitro Study Evaluation of Geum urbanum L. extracts with respect to their antimicrob…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Squalene Natural product Review Explicating the multifunctional roles of tocotrienol and squalene in pr…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Tocotrienols Natural product Review Explicating the multifunctional roles of tocotrienol and squalene in pr…	Food compound	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		PubChem
Icariin Natural product In Vitro Study Icariin regulates acne pathophysiology and extracellular matrix protein…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Salvia Miltiorrhiza Natural product In Vitro Study Integrated proteomics and metabolomics link acne to the action mechanis…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Red Clover Natural product Review Perspectives on the combined effects of Ocimum basilicum and Trifolium…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Piceatannol Natural product In Vitro Study Piceatannol inhibits P. acnes-induced keratinocyte proliferation and mi…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—
Seaweed Natural product Review Red seaweed-derived compounds as a potential new approach for acne vulg…	Nutraceutical	Preclinical	Emerging	0	Varies — openprescribing.net (UK) / costplusdrugs.com or GoodRx (US)	—		—

Alterations and therapeutics are aggregated from public databases (Open Targets, HPO, ChEMBL, DGIdb, and others). Natural agents are candidates from OSMF narrative reviews on opensourcemed.info/chronic-disease.html — not approved treatments. This page is for research orientation only — not medical advice.

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