Where S1 in CD16+ monocytes is reported
Also listed as: Intracellular spike persistence
| Condition | Direction | Compared against | Associated symptoms | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PACVS | ↑ elevated | SARS-CoV-2-negative post-COVID-vaccination syndrome | Persistent antigenemia up to 245 days | Patterson et al. 2025 |
Frequently asked questions
In which conditions is S1 in CD16+ monocytes altered?
In the OSMF atlas S1 in CD16+ monocytes is reported in PACVS. It is elevated in 1 across 1 entries.
Is there a standard clinical test for S1 in CD16+ monocytes?
The atlas entries for S1 in CD16+ monocytes do not carry a LOINC code, which usually means the marker was measured with research assays or study-specific methods rather than a routine clinical panel.
Is one abnormal S1 in CD16+ monocytes result diagnostic?
No single biomarker result is diagnostic of any of these conditions. Findings reflect group averages from published cohorts with substantial overlap between patients and controls.
Cite this page
Subscribe on Substack
Last reviewed: 2026-06-30 · Browse: Biomarker Index · All marker pages · Biomarker Atlas
Disclaimer: Educational synthesis of peer-reviewed research; not medical advice. Findings are group-level and vary with study design. Discuss any result with a qualified clinician.