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Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative GWAS

source record (JSON) · schema v2.0.0 · CC BY 4.0

Design notes & limitations. The first genome-wide significant host-genetic association for long COVID: the FOXP4 locus (rs9367106, OR ~1.65), independent of FOXP4's known association with severe acute COVID-19 and replicated in an independent sample. FOXP4 acts in lung morphogenesis and respiratory-epithelial immunity. A consortium meta-analysis rather than a single followed cohort; genetic factors are temporality-valid by construction.

Identity & trigger

Cohort id
long-covid-host-genetics
Aliases
Long COVID GWAS (Lammi et al.), Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative
Outbreak / event
COVID-19 pandemic
Pathogen
SARS-CoV-2 (Virus)
Exposure ascertainment
Mixed

Design

Design
Registry linkage
Denominator defined
Yes
Denominator method
Genome-wide meta-analysis of up to 6,450 long COVID cases vs 1,093,995 population controls across 24 studies in 16 countries, with independent replication in 9,500 cases and 798,835 controls.
Recruitment
population registry
Time zero
Germline genotype (fixed at conception); long COVID caseness ascertained after SARS-CoV-2 infection (undefined)
Control group
Unexposed (unmatched)

Size & attrition

Enrolled
6450
Analysed / enrolled
6450/6450 (100%)
Max follow-up (months)
n/r

Biospecimens

Specimens
Yes
Types
whole_blood, saliva
Acute-phase specimens
No
Biobank
active
External access
open application

Harmonized estimate layer

Curation status: none · 0 estimate(s). Download core estimates

Observations (0)

No observations recorded yet — contributions welcome via pull request.

Publications

Provenance & verification

Registration
n/r
Funders
COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative partners
Related cohorts
recover-adult-long-covid (Overlapping population)
Symptom-inventory scope
None
Last verified
2026-07-20 — OSMF research-tracker (web-verified against source)