Deaths / year
1,000
GBD (indicative unless refreshed)
DALYs / year
100,000
GBD
Pathogen
Protozoa
Post-infectious
Lasting sequela
Persistent symptoms
n/a
CNS-stage survivors
Post-infectious syndrome & persistent symptoms
Whether a post-acute infection syndrome is documented and the literature proportion with persistent symptoms.
Documented post-infectious syndrome
Neuropsychiatric / sleep-cycle sequelae (CNS-stage)
not quantified
persistent symptoms — of CNS-stage survivors
Summary
Residual neuropsychiatric and sleep-architecture abnormalities after successful treatment of second-stage disease; not systematically quantified.
Timeframe
post-treatment
Evidence strength
limited
Classification
Lasting sequela
Sources: WHO HAT technical reports
Therapeutic agents by stage
Vector control, prevention, acute treatment, and post-infectious care. Only agents with published evidence are shown by default.
Vector & transmission control
| Agent | Type | Status | Mechanism / role | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tsetse fly control (traps, insecticide) | Vector control | Approved | Reduce Glossina transmission | WHO HAT |
Acute phase
| Agent | Type | Status | Mechanism / role | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pentamidine | Antiparasitic | Approved | First-stage T. b. gambiense (hemolymphatic) | WHO EML / standard of care |
| Suramin | Antiparasitic | Approved | First-stage T. b. rhodesiense | WHO EML / standard of care |
| Eflornithine (DFMO) | Antiparasitic | Approved | Second-stage T. b. gambiense (CNS) | WHO EML / standard of care |
| Melarsoprol | Antiparasitic | Approved | Second-stage (both subspecies; toxic arsenical) | WHO EML / standard of care |
| Fexinidazole | Antiparasitic | Approved | Oral regimen for T. b. gambiense (first- and second-stage) | WHO 2019 |
| Nifurtimox–eflornithine combination (NECT) | Antiparasitic | Approved | Second-stage T. b. gambiense | WHO EML / standard of care |
| ACOZIBOROLEPipeline | Small molecule | Phase 3 | — | Open Targets (clinical pipeline) |
Post-infectious phase
| Agent | Type | Status | Mechanism / role | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropsychiatric rehabilitation | Rehabilitation | Approved | Sleep-cycle & cognitive sequelae post-CNS disease | WHO HAT |
Associated drug targets (Open Targets): ODC1, PSAP, NPC1, KCNA1, GALC, TP53BP2
Burden: IHME GBD (indicative seed unless refreshed) · Therapeutics: curated WHO EML / SOC + Open Targets pipeline · Post-infectious data: curated peer-reviewed literature · Ontology: MONDO_0005459 · Updated 2026-07-10. Associations, not a diagnostic test.