Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Melanoma

This page lists 10 druggable gene targets, 49 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Melanoma, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

Plain-language summary → New Treatments for Melanoma (2026): Drugs in Trials

US DALYs430.5KWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs3.30MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality14.7K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality131.9K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
NIH funding$285MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelWell-Funded
Spontaneous remissionSpontaneous regression documented in ~0.4% of metastatic melanoma cases; early-stage surgical resection: 90%+ 5-year…
Best-intervention remissionStage IV with PD-1/CTLA-4 combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab): 52% 5-year OS (CheckMate-067); BRAF V600E + MEK…
Gap sizeModerate — genuine cures are now achievable for many Stage IV melanoma patients; the question is maximising who can…
Primary barrieraccess
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker Chronic Disease Interventions Melanoma

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Spontaneous regression documented in ~0.4% of metastatic melanoma cases; early-stage surgical resection: 90%+ 5-year survival for Stage I; Stage IV (metastatic): historically <10% 5-year survival
Best-intervention remission
Stage IV with PD-1/CTLA-4 combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab): 52% 5-year OS (CheckMate-067); BRAF V600E + MEK inhibition (dabrafenib + trametinib): 34% 5-year OS; pembrolizumab adjuvant Stage III: 58.4% vs 45.9% RFS at 5 years; TIL therapy (Amtagvi): 31.5% ORR in heavily pretreated patients
Gap size
Moderate — genuine cures are now achievable for many Stage IV melanoma patients; the question is maximising who can access these outcomes
Primary barrier
access
Immunotherapy combination (nivolumab + ipilimumab) achieves durable responses in ~25-30% of Stage IV patients (functional cure); BRAF-targeted therapy is highly effective in BRAF V600E (50% of melanomas) but resistance develops in most; tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy (Amtagvi, 2024) approved — cell manufacturing is complex

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

BRAF 361CD274 200CDK4 255CTLA4 33KIT 278LAG3 13MAP2K1 242MAP2K2 210NRAS 302PDCD1 52

BRAF

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ENZALUTAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AVUTOMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NIVOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LIFIRAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BINIMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 46.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
CI-1040 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NAVITOCLAX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OMIPALISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPELISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
B-RAF/VEGFR-2 INHIBITOR RAF265 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REGORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SARACATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PONATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERLOTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEK INHIBITOR IMM-1-104 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 2 [PMID: 26061392] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PANITUMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHIR-265 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIRDAMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SB590885 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.3 nM (Kd) DGIdb
KO-947 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUPARLISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOVORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1208 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PI3K/BET INHIBITOR LY294002 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEDATOLISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOXORUBICIN LIPOSOME ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DABRAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FUTIBATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAR260301 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SONOLISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BRAFV600/PI3K INHIBITOR ASN003 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IDELALISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
E6201 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAPITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OXALIPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DENOSUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 361 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CD274

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DURVALUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMETREXED DISODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BETIFISOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AVELUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOCAZOLIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NIVOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COSIBELIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DANBURSTOTUG ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENVAFOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PACMILIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CA-170 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CISPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TISLELIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERFONRILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TREMELIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-PD-L1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FAZ053 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IPILIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CEMIPLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADEBRELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SUGEMALIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
LODAPOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INCB-086550 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PIDILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBOPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-PD-L1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY MDX-1105 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENPULIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-LAG-3/PD-L1 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY FS118 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL3582257 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3582256 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3582255 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1010.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3582254 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3582253 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3582252 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4081869 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4099869 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 146.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4089730 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 18.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4061613 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 200 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CDK4

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ABEMACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRILACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CDK2 INHIBITOR IV ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VORUCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEROCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RIVICICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CDK INHIBITOR 4.35 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD5438 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBOCICLIB SUCCINATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPELISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALVOCIDIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CDK4 INHIBITOR III ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PURVALANOL B ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PHA-793887 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RONICICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MILCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
R547 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ASCORBIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RGB-286638 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CGP74514A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
APREMILAST ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CROZBACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EBVACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VUSTANACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CIMPUCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PURVALANOL A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BSJ-03-123 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CDK1/2/4 INHIBITOR AG-024322 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TANUXICICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TIBREMCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BIREOCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BSJ-04-132 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BSJ-03-204 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CP-10 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 9B [PMID: 18986805] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NICOTINE POLACRILEX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SU9516 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 255 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CTLA4

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TUVONRALIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUAVONLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IPILIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METHIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BLEOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT FAS LIGAND ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RETRO-INVERSO PEPTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VISILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIBIOTIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CADONILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERFONRILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZALIFRELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WORTMANNIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELPHALAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ABATACEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NURULIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOSINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITOR FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TREMELIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LORIGERLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL5291170 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 31000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

KIT

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
OSI-930 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHMFL-KIT-8140 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IMATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 260.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PEXIDARTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REGORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 740.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
TANDUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 170.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
RIPRETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
XL820 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VATALANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 730.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PAZOPANIB HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENMD-2076 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VELZATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PONATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CABOZANTINIB S-MALATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CRIZOTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LABUXTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BAY 61-3606 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CATEQUENTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PLX5622 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RISVODETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VENETOCLAX ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
XL999 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EDICOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMUVATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ILORASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AC710 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LENVATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AVAPRITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOTESANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SU-11652 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
JNJ-28312141 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-1530 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MASITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SERALUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FAMITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB TOSYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 278 agents ranked by evidence tier.

LAG3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
IERAMILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TEBOTELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK2831781 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FIANLIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RELATLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EFTILAGIMOD ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-LAG-3/PD-L1 BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY FS118 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FAVEZELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL6133623 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2660.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL6142103 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1810.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL6091788 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9940.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL6168500 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1230.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL6172828 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5830.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

MAP2K1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PIMASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 3 [PMID: 31804822] ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ENCORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
REGORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINIMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METFORMIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MAP855 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VEMURAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OMIPALISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AVUTOMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MEK INHIBITOR I ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REFAMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COBIMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MEK INHIBITOR RO4987655 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DABRAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LY3009120 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TIZATERKIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TEMUTERKIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD8330 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIRDAMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WX-554 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOZASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SOTRASTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AS-703988 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NEDOMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CI-1040 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ARRY-300 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PLX-4720 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOVITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BALAMAPIMOD ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GDC-0879 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CETUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
STAUROSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic 2.5 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ULIXERTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PANITUMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 242 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MAP2K2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CEDIRANIB ? unclear Mechanistic 3100.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
COBIMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REFAMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ILORASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 125.89 nM (Ki) DGIdb
CI-1040 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 370.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
BINIMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIRDAMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TAK-733 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PIMASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB SULFATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-7167 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GDC-0623 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZM447439 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL546797 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COBIMETINIB FUMARATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WX-554 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOZASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 2000.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
AVUTOMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RO-4987655 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VANDETANIB ? unclear Mechanistic 1100.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
JNJ-7706621 ? unclear Mechanistic 5600.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
BALAMAPIMOD ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NVP-TAE684 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-562271 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PP2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AS-703988 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ARRY-300 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL379975 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VORUCICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LINIFANIB ? unclear Mechanistic 2511.89 nM (Ki) DGIdb
BI-847325 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 530.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
AZD8330 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MS432 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-1530 ? unclear Mechanistic 2511.89 nM (Ki) DGIdb
DABRAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1956073 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PD166285 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 210 agents ranked by evidence tier.

NRAS

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BINIMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CETUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NAPORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
XL888 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD19 CAR-T CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OLAPARIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUIZARTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GDC-0623 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FUTIBATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GDC-0879 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADAVOSERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BAY 11-7082 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NST-628 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PANITUMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYTARABINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIMASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MRTX-1133 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEK/RAF MOLECULAR GLUE IK-595 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BI-3406 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOROURACIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
E6201 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COBIMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DUBERMATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PLX-4720 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DABRAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EXARAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLNITROSOUREA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAK-733 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BRIMARAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPELISIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEMCITABINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TRAMETINIB DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VEMURAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BELVARAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PELAREOREP ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BIVALENT BRD4 INHIBITOR AZD5153 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 302 agents ranked by evidence tier.

PDCD1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CAMRELIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMP-224 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SERPLULIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENLONSTOBART ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CEMIPLIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CT-011 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SASANLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PUCOTENLIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TISLELIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TEBOTELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CADONILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPARTALIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEDI0680 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUNP-12 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOSTARLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TORIPALIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CC-90006 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CETRELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 LIGAND 1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-PD-1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SYM021 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CS-1003 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EZABENLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROLGOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LIPUSTOBART ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENPULIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BALSTILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEPTANOLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IVONESCIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SINTILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LORIGERLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FINOTONLIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RETIFANLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PUCOLENTIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINTRAFUSP ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IPAROMLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PIMIVALIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VUDALIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
APL-501 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZIMBERELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 52 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Melanoma: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibitor Sarilumab in Combination With Ipilimumab, Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Patients With Unresectable Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma Recruiting
NCT05428007 Phase: 2 Started: 2023-02-02

This study will evaluate how safe the study drug is, how well patients tolerate it, how it works in the body, and the disease's response to the drug. The study drug being tested is sarilumab, when given with the combination of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and relatlimab in patients like yourself, with sta...

Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MB11 Versus EU-/US-Opdivo® in Subjects With Previously Untreated Advanced [Unresectable or Metastatic] Melanoma Recruiting
NCT07221734 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-12-29

This is a randomised, multicentre, multinational, double-blind, integrated study to sompare the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of MB11 versus Opdivo® in subjects with previously untreated advanced (unresectable or Metastatic) Melanoma

Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) in Melanoma Patients Completed
NCT03341143 Phase: 2 Started: 2018-03-19

The main goal of this research study is to determine if the fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) improves the body's ability to fight your cancer.

HS-IT101 Injection Versus Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Melanoma（FASTIL-Mela02） Recruiting
NCT07406724 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-02-26

This is a multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label Phase II clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HS-IT101 Injection versus the investigator's choice of chemotherapy in participants with advanced melanoma. A total of 90 participants are planned to be enrolled, and elig...

MELCHRONO: A Prospective Randomized Study Investigating Chrono-immunotherapy for Advanced Melanoma. Recruiting
NCT07574047 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-10-12

Melanoma remains a common cancer with rising incidence, and despite significant improvements with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), clinical outcomes remain heterogeneous. Retrospective analyses across multiple tumor types, including melanoma, suggest that earlier daytime administration of ICIs m...

A Study to Compare the Administration of Pembrolizumab After Surgery Versus Administration Both Before and After Surgery for High-Risk Melanoma Active Not Recruiting
NCT03698019 Phase: 2 Started: 2019-02-15

This phase II trial studies how pembrolizumab works before and after surgery in treating patients with stage III-IV high-risk melanoma. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor ce...

Phase II Trial of Combination Anti-PD-1 and Aldesleukin for Metastatic Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma Recruiting
NCT05155033 Phase: 2 Started: 2022-08-18

Background: Aldesleukin is used to treat metastatic or advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Pembrolizumab is used to treat many cancers including melanoma. Researchers want to see if these drugs can be used together to produce better results in people with these types of cancer. Objective: To...

Perioperative Encobini in BRAFV600 Mutant Stage III (B/C/D) or Oligometastatic Stage IV Melanoma Active Not Recruiting
NCT05097378 Phase: 2 Started: 2023-02-27

A two-arm, randomised trial investigating the response of encorafenib and binimetinib compared to standard adjuvant therapy.

A Study With Combinations of Anti-LAG-3 and Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (Harmony Head-to-Head) Recruiting
NCT06246916 Phase: 3 Started: 2024-09-09

This study is researching an experimental drug called fianlimab (also known as REGN3767), combined with another medication called cemiplimab (also known as REGN2810), called "study drugs". The study is focused on patients with a type of skin cancer known as melanoma. The aim of the study is to see h...

BiCaZO: A Study Combining Two Immunotherapies (Cabozantinib and Nivolumab) to Treat Patients With Advanced Melanoma or Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer, an immunoMATCH Pilot Study Recruiting
NCT05136196 Phase: 2 Started: 2022-12-06

This phase II trial studies the good and bad effects of the combination of drugs called cabozantinib and nivolumab in treating patients with melanoma or squamous cell head and neck cancer that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (ad...

Memory-Like Natural Killer Cells With Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma After Progression on Checkpoint Inhibitors Recruiting
NCT05629546 Phase: 1 Started: 2024-11-06

This is a Phase 1 open-label, study designed to characterize the safety, tolerability, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of memory-like natural killer cells (ML NK) in combination with nivolumab and relatlimab in subjects with advanced and/or metastatic melanoma. There will be two arms to test the...

The Efficacy and Safety of PRTX007-003 Combined With Pembrolizumab in Resectable Stage III Melanoma Recruiting
NCT07565285 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-07-01

This Phase 2, multi-center, single-arm study evaluates the safety, tolerability, and activity of neoadjuvant PRTX007 in combination with pembrolizumab in participants with resectable Stage III melanoma. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes compared with adjuvant-only...

Aggressive Lipid Lowering Therapy in ICI-Treated Melanoma Recruiting
NCT07704918 Phase: N/A Started: 2026-10-19

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a class of medications that are now standard in the treatment of melanoma. These are standard therapy for melanoma, but long-term side effects on disease in the heart arteries is poorly understood. In this study, melanoma patients receiving ICIs for the first ...

Study of AMXT 1501 and DFMO in Combination With Standard Therapies in Advanced Solid Tumors Recruiting
NCT07287917 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2026-01-26

This study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary effectiveness of AMXT 1501 and DFMO when combined with standard treatments for advanced solid tumors. The trial includes two groups: * Cohort 1: Patients with ER+ / HER2- breast cancer receiving fulvestrant and capivasertib * Cohort ...

Dabrafenib and/or Trametinib Rollover Study Recruiting
NCT03340506 Phase: 4 Started: 2018-01-26

This study is to provide access for patients who are receiving treatment with dabrafenib and/or trametinib in a Novartis-sponsored Oncology Global Development, Global Medical Affairs or a former GSK-sponsored study who have fulfilled the requirements for the primary objective, and who are judged by ...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Melanoma” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 10-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

49 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 34 not found by the gene-target search above.

Pembrolizumab

Approved · 8 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02432963 NCT05269381 NCT06264180

Nivolumab

Approved · 6 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT03980314 NCT02224781 NCT06264180

Ipilimumab

Approved · 6 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02224781 NCT01245556 NCT01245556

incomplete Freund's adjuvantNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 5 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00089063 NCT00091104 NCT00006385

sargramostimNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 5 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00089063 NCT00006385 NCT00118313

aldesleukinNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00091104 NCT00004022 NCT00096382

cyclophosphamideNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00091104 NCT00096382 NCT05269381

gp100 antigenNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00089063 NCT00006385 NCT00077532

Computed TomographyNOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05269381 NCT02224781 NCT02775851

binimetinib

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05355701 NCT04903119 NCT05170334

Trametinib

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02110355 NCT04903119

Dabrafenib

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02110355 NCT04903119

tyrosinase peptideNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00089063 NCT00006385

MART-1 antigenNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00089063 NCT00006385

filgrastimNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00091104 NCT00096382

therapeutic autologous lymphocytesNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00091104 NCT00004022

therapeutic tumor infiltrating lymphocytesNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00091104 NCT00096382

fludarabine phosphateNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00091104 NCT00096382

ripretinib (DCC-2618)NOT in gene-target list

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02571036 NCT02571036

Nivolumab/RelatlimabNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05428007 NCT06264180

FludarabineNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00313508 NCT02111850

BMS-908662

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01245556 NCT01245556

RanibizumabNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00750399 NCT00750399

Nilotinib

Phase 2 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01028222 NCT01099514

852ANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00189332

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccine Expressing p53NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02432963

navtemadlin (AMG 232)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02110355

entinostat

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02437136

Montanide ISA 51 VGNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00089063

TaxoprexinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00244816

MART-1:27-35 peptide vaccineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00091104

Neoantigen Peptide VaccineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05269381

Sir-Spheres®NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01473004

recombinant interferon alfaNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00006385

talabostat (PT-100) tabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00083239

PF-07799933

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05355701

cetuximab

Phase 1 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05355701

midazolamNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05355701

fluorouracil

Phase 1/2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05355701

leucovorinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05355701

oxaliplatin

Phase 1/2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05355701

pegylated interferon-alpha-2aNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00204529

interferon-alpha-2aNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00204529

Dabrafenib Mesylate

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02224781

Multigated Acquisition ScanNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02224781

Trametinib Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02224781

CM-24 and Nivolumab - Dose EscalationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04731467

CM-24, Nivolumab, Nab paclitaxel and Gemcitabine - ExpansionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04731467

CM-24, Nivolumab, and Nal-IRI/5-FU/LV - ExpansionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04731467

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.