Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Lupus Nephritis

This page lists 11 druggable gene targets, 53 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Lupus Nephritis, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

Plain-language summary → New Treatments for Lupus Nephritis (2026): Drugs in Trials

US DALYs2.70MWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs43.51MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality104.2K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality1.39M deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
NIH funding$148MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelSeverely Underfunded
Spontaneous remissionSpontaneous remission essentially zero in class III/IV LN; progression to ESRD in 10-20% at 10 years on standard…
Best-intervention remissionVoclosporin + MMF + low-dose OCS: 40.8% complete renal response at 52 weeks (AURORA 1); belimumab + SOC: 43% primary…
Gap sizeModerate — better outcomes available with triple therapy but access and racial disparities limit implementation
Primary barrieraccess/practice
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker Chronic Disease Interventions Lupus Nephritis

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Spontaneous remission essentially zero in class III/IV LN; progression to ESRD in 10-20% at 10 years on standard therapy; renal flares in 30-50% of patients achieving initial response
Best-intervention remission
Voclosporin + MMF + low-dose OCS: 40.8% complete renal response at 52 weeks (AURORA 1); belimumab + SOC: 43% primary efficacy renal response (BLISS-LN); obinutuzumab + MMF + SOC: superior histological response vs rituximab (NOBILITY)
Gap size
Moderate — better outcomes available with triple therapy but access and racial disparities limit implementation
Primary barrier
access/practice
Black and Hispanic patients have significantly worse LN outcomes and are underrepresented in landmark trials; voclosporin and belimumab add significant cost; cyclophosphamide still used in some settings where MMF is equally effective in non-Black patients (Euro-Lupus low-dose equivalent); racial disparities in specialist access

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

C3 44CD19 40CD38 203CTLA4 33IFNAR1 20IL6 181MS4A1 28PPP3CA 32PPP3CB 1TLR7 187TNFSF13B 8

C3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PEGCETACOPLAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CLOZAPINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
POT-4 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPSTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic 1300.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
AL-78898A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMY-101 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL265136 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 53600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL409335 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 32000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL269043 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL414283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL415619 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL429695 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL265872 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL268084 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL415601 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL411957 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL413626 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL411152 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 55000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL438586 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 47800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL437340 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL268083 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2371729 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL445418 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL437270 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL408836 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL439706 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL2371730 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL430275 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL262797 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL437245 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL427664 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL412730 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 23100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL269247 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2700.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL219860 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 35.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL434556 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1791380 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 15.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1791379 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 120.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1791382 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 150.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL427239 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 17.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL252927 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 140.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 44 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CD19

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19 CAR T-CELLS IM19 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BLINATUMOMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LONCASTUXIMAB TESIRINE ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS CD19CAR-CD28-CD137/CD27/CD3ZETA-ICASP9-EXPRESSING T-LYMPHOCYTES ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TISAGENLECLEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19 CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELLS C-CAR011 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VADACABTAGENE LERALEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LISOCABTAGENE MARALEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19CAR-4-1BB-CD3ZETA-EGFRT-EXPRESSING T LYMPHOCYTES ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MDX-1342 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD19 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INEBILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALLOGENEIC ANTI-CD19-CAR-CD28-IL-15-EXPRESSING NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZERCABTAGENE ZAPRELEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAFASITAMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DENINTUZUMAB MAFODOTIN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
COLTUXIMAB RAVTANSINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OBEXELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMG-729 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CD19CAR-CD3ZETA-4-1BB-EXPRESSING ALLOGENEIC T-LYMPHOCYTE CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19 CAR-T CELLS TBI-1501 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS CD19 CAR-EXPRESSING CD4+/CD8+ T-CELLS MB-CART19.1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AFM-11 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BREXUCABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TAPLITUMOMAB PAPTOX ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD19 CAR T-CELLS XLCART001 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19 CAR-EXPRESSING T-LYMPHOCYTES CLIC-1901 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DENINTUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTO3 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEGLYCOSYLATED RICIN A CHAIN-CONJUGATED ANTI-CD19/ANTI-CD22 IMMUNOTOXINS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DUVORTUXIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD19 CAR-T CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD19 CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELLS SJCAR19 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ONCOLYSIN B ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD20 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CD19-TARGETED CAR T2 CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OBECABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
JCAR014 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RELMACABTAGENE AUTOLEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

CD38

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ANTI-CD38 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEZAGITAMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
THROMBIN ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISATUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DARATUMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HUMAX-IL15 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MK-0159 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FELZARTAMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
KUROMANIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
DELPHINIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
PELARGONIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 16300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
MALVIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 17000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
QUERCETAGETINIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
PEONIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CYANIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
DIOSMETINIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 32100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
PETUNIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 39200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
FISETINIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 70300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
LUTEOLIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
MYRICETIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 24800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
QUERCETIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 37900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
ROBINETIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 37900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
QUERCETAGETIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 48600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
LUTEOLINIDIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3342444 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3342440 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3342442 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 33000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3342443 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3422364 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3422366 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 26000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426029 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 55.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426030 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 89.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426031 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 52.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426032 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426033 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.9 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426034 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.3 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426035 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426036 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 54.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426037 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.8 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3426038 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 203 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CTLA4

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TUVONRALIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUAVONLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IPILIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METHIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BLEOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT FAS LIGAND ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RETRO-INVERSO PEPTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VISILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIBIOTIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CADONILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERFONRILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZALIFRELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WORTMANNIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELPHALAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ABATACEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NURULIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOSINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITOR FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TREMELIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LORIGERLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL5291170 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 31000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

IFNAR1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
INTERFERON ALFA-N3 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA-1A ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFA-N1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANIFROLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON BETA-1A ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFA-2A ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
SIFALIMUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON-ALPHA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFACON-1 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
IFN-Β ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ALBINTERFERON ALFA-2B ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFACON-1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GLATIRAMER ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA-1B ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ROPEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL1617534 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

IL6

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CLAZAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ECHINACEA EXTRACT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NELFINAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OLOKIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUDILAST ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VITAMIN A PALMITATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IFOSFAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SITAGLIPTIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METRONIDAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PACIBEKITUG ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIRUKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAFINGOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENZYME INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CISPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALLIUM NITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INFLIXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
C326 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEMFIBROZIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZILTIVEKIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INSULIN, REGULAR, HUMAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OSIMERTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BINETRAKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALOGLIPTIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TENELIGLIPTIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHINESE HERBS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOCILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LINAGLIPTIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOCETAXEL ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VILDAGLIPTIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LINEZOLID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SELENIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAQUINAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PAREGORIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 181 agents ranked by evidence tier.

MS4A1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RITUXIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
UBLITUXIMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
VELTUZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OFATUMUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
OBINUTUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
OCARATUZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TISAGENLECLEUCEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IODINE-131-TOSITUMOMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EPCORITAMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GLOFITAMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
TRU-015 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ODRONEXTAMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OCRELIZUMAB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-CD20 CAR T CELLS PREPARATION ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DI-LEU16-IL2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY 1F5 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MT-3724 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
MOSUNETUZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PLAMOTAMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS ANTI-CD20 CAR TRANSDUCED CD4/CD8 ENRICHED T-CELLS MB-CART20.1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FBT-A05 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
YTTRIUM Y 90 IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
BSAB (CD89-CD20) ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LFB-R603 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
DIVOZILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBRITUMOMAB TIUXETAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TOSITUMOMAB 131I ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb

PPP3CA

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
VOCLOSPORIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANHYDROUS TACROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic 4.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
PIMECROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TACROLIMUS ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL407550 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL421507 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 350.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL268110 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.17 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL412791 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.85 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL305081 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.7 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL407332 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.8 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL405917 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.93 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL275103 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.91 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL431368 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.65 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL264568 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.32 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL266705 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.96 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL65863 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.25 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL406186 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.2 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL263032 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL411789 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 890.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL384316 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 581.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL387036 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 742.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL413883 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 636.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL216652 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1539.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL405486 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 840.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL412946 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 348.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL269260 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 363.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1213205 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 358.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1213210 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 135.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1213211 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 75.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
ZINC CHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1100.3 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
TAMOXIFEN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30573.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

PPP3CB

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
VOCLOSPORIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

TLR7

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
GSK2245035 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
TELRATOLIMOD ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
852A ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
RESIQUIMOD ↑ activates Mechanistic 260.1 nM (EC50) DGIdb
IMIQUIMOD ↑ activates Mechanistic 2120.0 nM (EC50) DGIdb
AZD-8848 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
TLR7 AGONIST 852A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AFIMETORAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 27 [WO2019226977A1] ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
VESATOLIMOD ↑ activates Mechanistic 290.0 nM (EC50) DGIdb
ISATORIBINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-7795 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 10A [PMID: 31283223] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RESIQUIMOD PEGOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LOXORIBINE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ENPATORAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK-2245035 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BAZLITORAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GURETOLIMOD ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLOROQUINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CPG-52852 ? unclear Mechanistic 2657.0 nM (EC50) Open Targets
CHEMBL470427 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL512499 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL519690 ↑ activates Mechanistic 10.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL483597 ↑ activates Mechanistic 10.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL484765 ↑ activates Mechanistic 5.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL215536 ↑ activates Mechanistic 790.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL213396 ↑ activates Mechanistic 3200.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL211891 ↑ activates Mechanistic 4400.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL519685 ↑ activates Mechanistic 100.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL150961 ↑ activates Mechanistic 63.7 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089862 ↑ activates Mechanistic 609.1 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089863 ↑ activates Mechanistic 51.5 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1090529 ↑ activates Mechanistic 72.9 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089220 ↑ activates Mechanistic 466.8 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089224 ↑ activates Mechanistic 50.1 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089225 ↑ activates Mechanistic 10.3 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089226 ↑ activates Mechanistic 75.0 nM (EC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 187 agents ranked by evidence tier.

TNFSF13B

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BLISIBIMOD ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ETOPOSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATACICEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TABALUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BRIOBACEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TIBULIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BELIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ROZIBAFUSP ALFA ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Lupus Nephritis: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

Phase 3 Study of Anifrolumab in Adult Patients With Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis Active Not Recruiting
NCT05138133 Phase: 3 Started: 2022-02-15

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IV antifrolumab in adult patients with Active Proliferative Lupus Nephritis

Dose Escalation Study With Bispecific Antibodies in Adult Participants With Lupus Nephritis Recruiting
NCT06975787 Phase: 1 Started: 2025-12-22

This study is researching a particular group of experimental drugs administered for a short period in the treatment of participants with Lupus Nephritis (LN). The main aim of the current study is to see how safe and tolerable the study drugs are in a long-term follow-up. This is a main study, called...

An Open-label Study of Povetacicept in Autoantibody-Associated Glomerular Diseases Active Not Recruiting
NCT05732402 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2023-03-15

The goal of this clinical study is to evaluate multiple dose levels of povetacicept in adults with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), primary membranous nephropathy (pMN), lupus-related kidney disease (lupus nephritis - LN), or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculiti...

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Participants With ISN/RPS 2003 Class III or IV Lupus Nephritis Active Not Recruiting
NCT04221477 Phase: 3 Started: 2020-08-10

This study will evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of obinutuzumab compared with placebo in participants with International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) 2003 class III or IV lupus nephritis (LN) when added on to standard-of-care therapy consisting of mycop...

Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Ianalumab Versus Placebo, Combination With SoC Therapy, in Participants With Active Lupus Nephritis Active Not Recruiting
NCT05126277 Phase: 3 Started: 2022-07-14

This trial will evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of subcutaneous (s.c.) ianalumab given every 4 weeks (q4w) or every 12 weeks (q12w) compared to placebo, in combination with SoC, in adult participants with active LN

Phase III Extension Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ianalumab With or Without Study Treatment Withdrawal in Participants With Lupus Nephritis (SIRIUS-LN Extension) Recruiting
NCT06711887 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-05-19

The purpose of this up to 6-year extension study is the evaluation of the efficacy and safety 1. after study treatment withdrawal in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) who achieved response (complete renal response \[CRR\] or partial renal response \[PRR\]) on double-blind treatment at the end of th...

Daratumumab to Treat Active Lupus Nephritis Active Not Recruiting
NCT04868838 Phase: 2 Started: 2021-04-20

The purpose of this research is to study the safety and efficacy of daratumumab in inducing complete or partial remission in patients with active lupus nephritis.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Obinutuzumab in Adolescents With Active Class III or IV Lupus Nephritis and the Safety and PK of Obinutuzumab in Pediatric Participants Recruiting
NCT05039619 Phase: 2 Started: 2022-05-12

This phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is designed to evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of obinutuzumab in adolescent participants (AP) aged 12 to less than 18 with biopsy-confirmed proliferative lupus nephritis (LN). It will also evaluate open label ...

Study to Evaluate the Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of CD19 CAR-T Cell Therapy (TranspoCART19) in Patients With Refractory Lupus Nephritis Recruiting
NCT07799116 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2026-09-23

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy (TranspoCART19) in adults with refractory lupus nephritis. Lupus nephritis is a serious kidney complication of systemic lupus erythematosus that may not respond adequately to standard treatm...

VIBRANT: VIB4920 for Active Lupus Nephritis Recruiting
NCT05201469 Phase: 2 Started: 2022-12-15

This is a multi-center double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of VIB4920 combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone in achieving a renal response in participants with active lupus nephritis (LN).

A Phase 2, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial of FT819 in Participants With Lupus Nephritis Recruiting
NCT07570862 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-07-27

The primary objective of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FT819, comprised of allogeneic T cells that express a CD19-targeted CAR, following bendamustine administration in participants with refractory moderate-to-severe lupus nephritis, as assessed by the proportion of participan...

The Pediatric Lupus Nephritis Mycophenolate Mofetil (PLUMM) Study Recruiting
NCT05538208 Phase: 2 Started: 2024-06-07

The study is a 1-year 2-part double-blinded placebo controlled 2-arm clinical trial. Treatment arms are (1) MMF dosed as per body-surface area (MMFBSA; 600mg/m2 body surface area per dose about every 12 hours) and (2) pharmacokinetically-guided precision-dosing of MMF (MMFPK; MMF dosed twice daily t...

Phase IIa Study for IPG11406 in Patients With Lupus Nephritis Completed
NCT06717815 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2025-02-25

A multi-center, multi-dose phase Ib/IIa clinical study evaluating the safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and impact on biomarkers of IPG11406 in patients with Lupus Nephritis

Obe-cel in Severe, Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) With Active Lupus Nephritis (LN) Recruiting
NCT07053800 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-01-16

The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of obecabtagene autoleucel (obe-cel) administered once following lymphodepletion in participants with severe, refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active lupus nephritis (LN).

Treatment of Lupus Nephritis With Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Recruiting
NCT03673748 Phase: 2 Started: 2022-12-27

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow for the treatment of adults with active proliferative lupus nephritis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in achieving a f...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Lupus Nephritis” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 11-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

53 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 46 not found by the gene-target search above.

cyclophosphamideNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 9 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01207297 NCT00774852 NCT00876616

FludarabineNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 6 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06308978 NCT07115745 NCT06708845

mycophenolate mofetilNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 6 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00371319 NCT05538208 NCT05538208

TacrolimusNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01207297 NCT00125307 NCT00371319

Rituximab

Phase 3 · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06676631 NCT05508009 NCT05207358

Prednisone

Phase 3 · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02457221 NCT04221477 NCT00774852

Anifrolumab

Phase 3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT05138133 NCT02547922

UCAR T-cellNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07305116 NCT07507201

LUPKYNISNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05337124 NCT07611214

CABA-201NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06121297 NCT06121297

Prednisolone

Phase 2/3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04146220 NCT07760480

voclosporin

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02949973 NCT03597464

MethylprednisoloneNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04221477 NCT01085097

LCAR-AIO T cellsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06653556

Belimumab 10 mg/kg plus standard therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01639339

Standard therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01639339

CD19 CAR-T cellsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06585514

Tacrolimus Sustained-release Capsules (ADVAGRAF)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01328834

APL-2NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03453619

Autoimmunity in plasmaNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06642402

prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00404794

prednisolone and tacrolimusNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00404794

gusperimus trihydrochloride (NKT-01)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00709722

YTS109 cellNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07123519

MyforticNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04645589

NKX019NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06557265

Fludarabine, CyclophosphamideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06557265

Empagliflozin (25 Mg Tab) along with standard medical therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07700940

NK 010 or NK042NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06676631

Mosunetuzumab

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT07598396

High-dose prednisoneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07719140

Low-dose prednisoneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07719140

Tacrolimus+Mycophenolate mofetilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00876616

Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody MIL62 InjectionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07044115

PRG-1801 （CAR-T against BCMA）NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06277427

FT819NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06308978

BendamustineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06308978

ICG318, BCMA-CD19-IL-15/IL-15 sushi Compound CAR T following lymphodepletionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07328581

Tacrolimus vs. Mycophenolate mofetil for Induction Therapy in Lupus NephritisNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01580865

efgartigimod IVNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05810948

tisagenlecleucel (CART19)NOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06839976

MultitherapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00298506

ianalumab s.c. q4wNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05126277

ianalumab s.c. q12wNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05126277

BMS-986515NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07115745

Tocilizumab

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07115745

Belimumab InjectionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03747159

systemic immune inflammatory indexNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06796569

QT-219CXNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07586267

IPG11406NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06717815

Dapagliflozin 10mg TabNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06155604

Standard maintenance therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06155604

IanalumabNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06711887

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.