Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Hypertension

This page lists 13 druggable gene targets, 50 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Hypertension, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

NIH funding$377MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelSeverely Underfunded
Spontaneous remissionNot well-characterized as population baseline; routinely framed as irreversible in clinical culture despite contrary…
Best-intervention remissionUp to 93% had medications discontinued or reduced with intensive residential lifestyle intervention; DASH + weight…
Gap sizeLarge — primarily a framing and practice gap
Primary barrierframing/practice
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker Chronic Disease Interventions Hypertension Biomarker Atlas →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Not well-characterized as population baseline; routinely framed as irreversible in clinical culture despite contrary trial evidence
Best-intervention remission
Up to 93% had medications discontinued or reduced with intensive residential lifestyle intervention; DASH + weight loss reduced guideline-based medication indication from 51% to 18%; Lancet eClinicalMedicine 2024 meta-analysis confirms lifestyle superiority in motivated patients
Gap size
Large — primarily a framing and practice gap
Primary barrier
framing/practice
The 'requires lifelong medication' framing is contradicted by multiple trials when intensive lifestyle intervention is actually delivered; the gap is delivery infrastructure, not biology

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

ACE 63ADRB1 101ADRB2 335AGT 22AGTR1 64AGTR2 202CACNA1C 216EDN1 18NOS3 0NPR1 104NR3C2 213REN 10SLC12A3 18

ACE

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SALVIANOLIC ACID B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CANDOXATRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CILAZAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TP0556351 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PRAVASTATIN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SILDENAFIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GEMFIBROZIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RESCINNAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPIRAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INDOMETHACIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARGIPRESSIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METOPROLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DELAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ACETYLCHOLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IMIDAPRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MALATHION ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOEXIPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VORINOSTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ILEPATRIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RXP470.1 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CGS-27023A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NITROPRUSSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TORSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FOSINOPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FUROSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TEMOCAPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CARBARIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUINAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 1 [PMID: 24900526] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 20 [PMID: 22153340] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUMETANIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GALLOPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD6605 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 63 agents ranked by evidence tier.

ADRB1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BRETYLIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PINDOLOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BISOPROLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLECAINIDE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METIPRANOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METOPROLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATENOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUCINDOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METIPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPRENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PRACTOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
XAMOTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PENBUTOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOBUTAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BETHANIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BETAXOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MURAGLITAZAR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ACEBUTOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ACEBUTOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NOREPINEPHRINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OT-730 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CARVEDILOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NADOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVOBUNOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LABETALOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TERTATOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARBUTAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZIPRASIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUPRANOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LANDIOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OXPRENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEPINDOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELIPROLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BISOPROLOL FUMARATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DESIPRAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOPAMINE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOPROTERENOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DOBUTAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 101 agents ranked by evidence tier.

ADRB2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CARVEDILOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1257092 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SODIUM CHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENBUTOLOL SULFATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DESIPRAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METIPRANOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL531322 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NADOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PIRBUTEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FENOTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
TIMOLOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ABEDITEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PINDOLOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BRONCHODILATOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TULOBUTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PHENYLEPHRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK159802 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PRILOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CLENBUTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
INDACATEROL MALEATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
VILANTEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TERTATOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ARFORMOTEROL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
INDACATEROL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FORMOTEROL FUMARATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL111201 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RITODRINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RISPERIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL599896 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VILANTEROL TRIFENATATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
RITODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DISULFIRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUCINDOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVALBUTEROL TARTRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LAS190792 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPRENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELIPROLOL ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ALBUTEROL SULFATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CARTEOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 335 agents ranked by evidence tier.

AGT

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
ENALAPRIL MALEATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IMIDAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADENOVIRUS VECTOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENAZEPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLORTHALIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MESTRANOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYT006-ANGQB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUINAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GSK-2586881 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ADRIAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CILAZAPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL297425 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.5 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL295174 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5275762 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5281619 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

AGTR1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL586135 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VALSARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EPROSARTAN MESYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FIMASARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ASCORBIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC ANDROSTANOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL347610 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL421088 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LOSARTAN POTASSIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1492017 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPARSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SODIUM CHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL261693 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1972216 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EPROSARTAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
C-FOS ANTISENSE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SARALASIN ACETATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IRBESARTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DISULFIRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SAPRISARTAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
H2O2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL591834 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CAPTOPRIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOTENSIN II ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL400912 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM TRIHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IDOXIFENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL528694 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IL-6 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOTENSIN II ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVODOPA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GAMMA-INTERFERON ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZILSARTAN KAMEDOXOMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL:CHEMBL1445650 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MUSCLE RELAXANT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CL-329167 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 64 agents ranked by evidence tier.

AGTR2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RECOMBINANT FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA 1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-4017 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANGIOTENSIN II ? unclear Mechanistic 2.5 nM (IC50) DGIdb
OLODANRIGAN ? unclear Mechanistic 0.58 nM (IC50) DGIdb
PD123319 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ROSIGLITAZONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SPARSENTAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PUROMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SARALASIN ? unclear Mechanistic 1.32 nM (IC50) DGIdb
CHEMBL443325 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 23.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL417584 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL414533 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.82 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3144487 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 116.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
ANGIOTENSIN III ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.74 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL411657 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL408885 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 28.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL385283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.65 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL384352 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.47 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL408773 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.1 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL413925 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL408886 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.8 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL264450 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 80.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL384125 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.4 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL406290 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.1 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL440063 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL413034 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 86.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL74556 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL265790 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL311484 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL73876 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.2 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL302102 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL305647 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.4 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL424004 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5.1 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL74442 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.2 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL17487 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL305956 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL338514 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5870.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL306361 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.8 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL125542 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 789.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 202 agents ranked by evidence tier.

CACNA1C

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
IMAGABALIN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
PHLOROGLUCINOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMLODIPINE BESYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LERCANIDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMLODIPINE BENZOATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1305 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA (USP) ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PREGABALIN ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CLEVIDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ELPETRIGINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TERODILINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NIMODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
NITRENDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.25 nM (Ki) DGIdb
FELODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMLODIPINE MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUTILIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATENOLOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NICARDIPINE HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BENIDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13800.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ISRADIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.2 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ARVERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HALOPERIDOL DECANOATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CITALOPRAM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELECOXIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BEPRIDIL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVAMLODIPINE MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NIFEDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.0 nM (Ki) DGIdb
AZELNIDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MANIDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LACIDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SULOCTIDIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MEPIRODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NISOLDIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
NICARDIPINE ? unclear Mechanistic 250.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
VERAPAMIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 150.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
VALPROIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 216 agents ranked by evidence tier.

EDN1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
OXYGEN THERAPY ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CELECOXIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMOXIFEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THIOURACIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALPROSTADIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIPLATELET AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTICONVULSANT AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUDESONIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LANREOTIDE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANESTHETIC AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BEVACIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEFEROXAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NORETHINDRONE ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INSULIN, REGULAR, HUMAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MURAGLITAZAR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

NOS3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets

Pipeline results not yet available for this target. Run the pipeline to populate.

NPR1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CARPERITIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic 0.1 nM (EC50) DGIdb
NITROPRUSSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NESIRITIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ERYTHRITYL TETRANITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PL-3994 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
NITRIC OXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CENDERITIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATACIGUAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NITROGLYCERIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ULARITIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL402664 ↑ activates Mechanistic 215.24 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL405572 ↑ activates Mechanistic 4.94 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
MiniANP ↑ activates Mechanistic 0.68 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL384862 ↑ activates Mechanistic 8.28 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL409400 ↑ activates Mechanistic 46.74 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL439465 ↑ activates Mechanistic 30.11 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL414517 ↑ activates Mechanistic 65.85 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL385216 ↑ activates Mechanistic 176.99 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL413653 ↑ activates Mechanistic 107.95 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL408343 ↑ activates Mechanistic 198.41 nM (EC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL294263 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.3 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL405854 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.65 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL415133 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 87.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL412793 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 360.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL294262 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 680.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL434023 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2600.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL61413 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2900.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL59028 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 62.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL304191 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 65.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL264744 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.49 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL435181 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 539.0 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL61383 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.4 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL411542 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.1 nM (Ki) ChEMBL
CHEMBL507122 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 36.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1643388 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1643389 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 60.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL1643390 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 240.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 104 agents ranked by evidence tier.

NR3C2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SPIRONOLACTONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.323 nM (Ki) DGIdb
EPLERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CORTICOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DROSPIRENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZODROCORTISONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
NIMODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUDROCORTISONE ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
VAMOROLONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BUDESONIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
LY-2623091 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ESAXERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
APARARENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD-9977 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUDROCORTISONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CANRENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCORTISONE BUTYRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
CANRENOATE POTASSIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FELODIPINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD9567 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
BALCINRENONE ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE ↑ activates Mechanistic 33.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
RU28318 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
XL550 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ONAPRISTONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 470.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
FLUTICASONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
ZK112993 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PROGESTERONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
ALDOSTERONE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-03882845 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE PIVALATE ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
FINERENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LY2623091 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISOLONE ↑ activates Mechanistic 37.0 nM (Ki) DGIdb
OCEDURENONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MT-3995 ? unclear Mechanistic Open Targets
CHEMBL134277 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL415524 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 334.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1197.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

Showing top 40 of 213 agents ranked by evidence tier.

REN

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
MURAGLITAZAR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IMARIKIREN HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
1.ALPHA.-HYDROXYVITAMIN D5 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALISKIREN FUMARATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TERLAKIREN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SITOKIREN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
REMIKIREN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALISKIREN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VTP-27999 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

SLC12A3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLOROTHIAZIDE SODIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
POLYTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
QUINETHAZONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METOLAZONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLOROTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FUROSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DIAZOXIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYCLOTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CHLORTHALIDONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
INDAPAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TRICHLORMETHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HYDROFLUMETHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TORSEMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BUMETANIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BENZTHIAZIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Hypertension: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

Osilodrostat in Patients With Hypertension Caused by Hypercortisolaemia Due to Cushing's Syndrome Recruiting
NCT07247162 Phase: 4 Started: 2026-08-26

Osilodrostat has proven to be a safe and efficacious treatment for patients with CS. Demonstrating normalisation of hypercortisolaemia and in patients with hypertension and/or dysglycaemia clinically relevant and statistically significant reductions in blood pressure and glycaemia. This study aims a...

A Clinical Trial of NS-863 in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD) Recruiting
NCT07441278 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-09-28

A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose Finding Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Orally Administered NS-863 in Participants with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD)

Clinical Trial of NS-863 in Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Recruiting
NCT07441200 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-09-29

A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Finding Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Orally Administered NS-863 in Participants with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

An Open-Label Extension Study of Treprostinil Palmitil Inhalation Powder (TPIP) in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD) Recruiting
NCT07234032 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-07-20

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the long-term use of TPIP in participants with PH-ILD from Study INS1009-311 (NCT07179380).

A Study of AZD3427 in Participants With Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension Group 2 Completed
NCT05737940 Phase: 2 Started: 2023-04-24

This study is intended to assess the ability of AZD3427 to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after 24 weeks of treatment in participants with heart failure (HF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) Group 2

Open-Label Extension (OLE) Study to Assess Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Lorundrostat in Subjects With Hypertension Active Not Recruiting
NCT05968430 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-07-14

This study is to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy and tolerability of lorundrostat (an aldosterone synthase inhibitor) in subjects with hypertension

Study of TX000045 in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Interstitial Lung Disease Recruiting
NCT07473700 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-10-30

The primary purpose of this study is to assess the effect of TX000045 on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in participants with pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) and to assess the safety and tolerability of TX000045 in participants with PH-ILD.

Non-selective Beta-blocker in Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease Recruiting
NCT06449339 Phase: 4 Started: 2024-07-17

The goal of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of carvedilol (a non-selective beta-blocker) in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease under clinically significant portal hypertension or the grey zone of Baveno VII criteria. The main question it aims to answe...

Safety, Tolerability, PK and PD of ADX-850 in Participants With Hypertension Active Not Recruiting
NCT06205628 Phase: 1 Started: 2024-03-21

This Phase 1 study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ADX-850 in participants with hypertension.

Efficacy and Safety Study of Treprostinil Palmitil Inhalation Powder (TPIP) in Participants With Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD) Recruiting
NCT07179380 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-01-07

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of 24-weeks of once daily treatment with TPIP versus placebo on exercise capacity in adults with PH-ILD.

Study of REGN13335 in Adult Participants With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Recruiting
NCT07318597 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-05-06

This study is researching an experimental drug called REGN13335. The study is focused on participants with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). The aim of the study is to see how safe and effective REGN13335 is in participants with PAH who are taking other PAH medicines. The study is looking at se...

A Study of Sotatercept (MK-7962) in People With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) in India (MK-7962-037) Recruiting
NCT07600723 Phase: 4 Started: 2026-10-08

Researchers are looking for other ways to treat people in India with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), also known as Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH). In PAH, the blood vessels in the lungs become thick and narrow, which makes it harder for blood to flow to the lungs. This causes high blood ...

JX09 SAD/MAD in Healthy Participants Completed
NCT06183671 Phase: 1 Started: 2024-01-18

This is a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-part, single and multiple ascending dose study in healthy adult to test the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and food effect of JX09 when administered to healthy adult subjects.

Low-Dose Spironolactone in Hemodialysis Patients With Resistant Hypertension Completed
NCT07888504 Phase: 4 Started: 2024-08-20

Many patients on hemodialysis have high blood pressure that does not respond to three or more drugs (resistant hypertension). This pilot study gave a low dose of spironolactone (12.5 mg once daily) for 6 weeks to adults on hemodialysis with resistant hypertension. The study measured changes in blood...

Effect of Empagliflozin on Left Atrial Function in Adults at Risk for Heart Failure Recruiting
NCT06507657 Phase: Early 1 Started: 2024-12-12

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce CVD events, including incident HF. SGLT2 is a glucose transport protein in the kidneys. Inhibition of this protein results in glucosuria and lower serum blood sugar. The SGLT2i medications were initially approved to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D...

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Hypertension” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 13-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

50 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 43 not found by the gene-target search above.

Azilsartan

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02079805 NCT02100319

sibutramineNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00679653 NCT00679653

Postpartum follow up cardNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06054841

Telmisartan

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02079805

Intervention on DCP3 based strategies for Hypertension Management and ControlNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04336631

Nicotinamide RibosideNOT in gene-target list

Phase 1 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06991712

NicotinamideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06991712

Nicotinamide MononucleotideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06991712

Nicotinic AcidNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06991712

Treprostinil Palmitil Inhalation PowderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07481981

HCP1904-3NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05199129

RLD2001-1NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05199129

alagebrium (ALT-711)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00045981

Ali/Amlo 150/2.5 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01237873

Qishen Yiqi Dropping Pills 0.5g Oral Three Times Daily + Targeted Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial HypertensionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07604805

Standard Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)-Targeted Therapy AloneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07604805

Estimation of Protein 13NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05517512

Artificial Intelligence model to detect glaucomaNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07243665

Dietary supplement intervention Goodphyte IB DefenseNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07380022

Dietary supplement intervention Goodphyte ImmunityNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07380022

24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05866445

Nifedipine

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01912677

Labetalol

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01912677

MethyldopaNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01912677

Carvedilol

Unknown · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00827775

Enhanced nutritional care classesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00328666

Variceal band ligationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00799851

cyanoacrylate injectionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00799851

cilnidipine

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00325637

Community health worker delivered multicomponent interventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05068505

CJ-30061NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03657472

Exforge® 5/160mg & Lipitor® 20mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03657472

tonlamarsen (ION904)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05314439

Occupational therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00229957

Self-managementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00229957

DE-117 ophthalmic solutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02822742

Latanoprost ophthalmic solution 0.005%NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02822742

Veno-veno-arterial ECMONOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02859194

Aliskiren/AmlodipineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00942994

Aliskiren/Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00942994

verapamil/trandolaprilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00679653

metoprolol/HCTNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00679653

felodipine/ramiprilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00679653

AllopurinolNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00241839

Chlorthalidone

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00241839

Potassium chlorideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00241839

AR-assisted EVD placementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06571539

Freehand EVD placementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06571539

1 dose of Beetroot juice intakeNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06584331

2 doses of Beetroot juice intakeNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06584331

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.