Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Ankylosing Spondylitis / Axial Spondyloarthropathy

This page lists 5 druggable gene targets, 54 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Ankylosing Spondylitis / Axial Spondyloarthropathy, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

Spontaneous remissionProgressive structural damage (sacroiliac fusion, syndesmophytes) in majority without treatment; spontaneous…
Best-intervention remissionTNF inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab): ASAS20 response in 60-70%, clinical remission (ASDAS-ID) in 20-40%; IL-17…
Gap sizeLarge — most patients spend years on NSAIDs before biologic assessment; diagnostic delay averages 7-10 years
Primary barrierpractice/access
Full remission profile →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Progressive structural damage (sacroiliac fusion, syndesmophytes) in majority without treatment; spontaneous radiographic remission essentially zero; ~10% achieve clinical remission without anti-inflammatory therapy
Best-intervention remission
TNF inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab): ASAS20 response in 60-70%, clinical remission (ASDAS-ID) in 20-40%; IL-17 inhibitors (secukinumab, ixekizumab): equivalent or superior efficacy; remission rates with early biologics in non-radiographic axSpA may reach 40-50%
Gap size
Large — most patients spend years on NSAIDs before biologic assessment; diagnostic delay averages 7-10 years
Primary barrier
practice/access
Diagnostic delay of 7-10 years from symptom onset is the most significant modifiable factor; MRI-based diagnosis of nr-axSpA (non-radiographic) can enable earlier biologic initiation before structural damage; HLA-B27 testing remains underused in primary care assessment of inflammatory back pain

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

HLA-B 50IL17A 72IL23A 8JAK1 189TNF 277
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CLOZAPINE ? unclear Mechanistic
IRINOTECAN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
LAPATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic
CLINDAMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic
MINOCYCLINE ? unclear Mechanistic
INFLIXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
CARBAMAZEPINE ? unclear Mechanistic
MEASLES VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic
DAPSONE ? unclear Mechanistic
METHAZOLAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN ANTIGEN ? unclear Mechanistic
FOSPHENYTOIN ? unclear Mechanistic
REGORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic
CARBIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic
OXCARBAZEPINE ? unclear Mechanistic
MOXIFLOXACIN ? unclear Mechanistic
RECOMBINANT INTERFERON ? unclear Mechanistic
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
PENICILLIN G POTASSIUM ? unclear Mechanistic
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic
PHENYTOIN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic
CEFTAZIDIME ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic
LEVOFLOXACIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic
OSIMERTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic
RITUXIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
STAVUDINE ? unclear Mechanistic
ACETAZOLAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
ABACAVIR ? unclear Mechanistic
CIPROFLOXACIN ? unclear Mechanistic
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
TRICHLOROETHYLENE ? unclear Mechanistic
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ? unclear Mechanistic
ISONIAZID ? unclear Mechanistic
METHIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic
AMOXICILLIN ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic
INTERFERON BETA-1A ? unclear Mechanistic
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE / TRIMETHOPRIM ? unclear Mechanistic
ETANERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic
CLAVULANIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic

Showing top 40 of 50 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
SIMVASTATIN ? unclear Mechanistic
IL-12 ? unclear Mechanistic
SECUKINUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TIBULIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BIMEKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ANTI-IL17A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CJM112 ? unclear Mechanistic
VUNAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
M-1095 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AFASEVIKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PERAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic
GENTAMICIN ? unclear Mechanistic
AZATHIOPRINE ? unclear Mechanistic
VIDOFLUDIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic
COVA322 ? unclear Mechanistic
BRODALUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
IXEKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
IZOKIBEP ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
REMTOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
TETRACYCLINE ? unclear Mechanistic
ERYTHROMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic
MANNITOL ? unclear Mechanistic
ABBV-257 ? unclear Mechanistic
CJM-112 ~ modulates Mechanistic
CHEMBL4872876 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4858175 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.3 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4854787 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 89.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4878993 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 12.9 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4869568 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.2 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4876088 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.1 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4860250 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.3 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4866932 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.1 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4874078 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4845695 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.8 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4855085 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.6 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4860574 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4865978 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4870813 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4850368 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4851738 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 72 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
USTEKINUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RISANKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MIRIKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BRAZIKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TILDRAKIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GUSELKUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
EBDAROKIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BRIAKINUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (IC50)
IZENCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
RUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GOLIDOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FILGOTINIB MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11.0 nM (IC50)
AZD1480 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DELGOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TRICETAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 112.0 nM (IC50)
PEFICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BREPOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic
INCB-047986 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ABROCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENZASTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic
CERDULATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GLPG-0555 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SOLCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GUSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ITACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BARICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MOMELOTINIB DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE ? unclear Mechanistic
DEURUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ? unclear Mechanistic
TOFACITINIB CITRATE ? unclear Mechanistic
UPADACITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL538798 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 39810.72 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL154580 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19952.62 nM (IC50)
SUNITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.2 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL386637 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL21156 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 15.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL56543 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3380.0 nM (IC50)
DOVITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 380.0 nM (Kd)
JNJ-7706621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21.0 nM (Kd)
SU-014813 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 97.0 nM (Kd)
SOTRASTAURIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7300.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 189 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
NERELIMOMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CROMOLYN SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic
PLACULUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
METHYLENE BLUE ? unclear Mechanistic
ALTEPLASE ? unclear Mechanistic
CARBOPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic
GENTAMICIN ? unclear Mechanistic
GOLIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BUPIVACAINE ? unclear Mechanistic
PENTOXIFYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic 85000.0 nM (IC50)
BENZO[E]PYRENE ? unclear Mechanistic
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
PYRAZINAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
GLIMEPIRIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
OMEPRAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic
LENERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ADALIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PRAZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
REMTOLUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic
LENABASUM ? unclear Mechanistic
MAGNESIUM SULFATE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic
PICIBANIL ? unclear Mechanistic
FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
MILTEFOSINE ? unclear Mechanistic
HOMIDIUM BROMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
OZORALIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PEGSUNERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
THERAPEUTIC HORMONE ? unclear Mechanistic
NAFAMOSTAT ? unclear Mechanistic
FOLIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic
ABBV-257 ? unclear Mechanistic
RISPERIDONE ? unclear Mechanistic
COVA322 ? unclear Mechanistic
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE ? unclear Mechanistic
CERTOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
AN0128 ? unclear Mechanistic
5,7-DIHYDROXY-4-METHYLCOUMARIN ? unclear Mechanistic
SORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic

Showing top 40 of 277 agents ranked by evidence tier.


Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Ankylosing Spondylitis / Axial Spondyloarthropathy: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

NCT06378697 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-11-22

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center phase III clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AK111 in the treatment of subjects with active ankylosing spondylitis.

NCT03928743 Phase: 3 Started: 2019-04-25

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of bimekizumab administered subcutaneously (sc) compared to placebo in the treatment of subjects with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

NCT05861128 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-11-10

The purpose of this study is to determine if Jaktinib is safe and effective in participants with active ankylosing spondylitis.

NCT07834788 Phase: N/A Started: 2018-10-01

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn whether Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation improves disease activity, physical function, and inflammatory markers in adults with active ankylosing spondylitis. The main questions it aimed to answer were: Does Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG s...

NCT05861102 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-07-20

This is a Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, efficacy and safety study of Jaktinib in subjects with active Ankylosing Spondylitis(AS).

NCT06250062 Phase: 2 Started: 2024-01-13

This is a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study of 261 adults with active ankylosing spondylitis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of JS005 in the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis.

NCT05303285 Phase: 4 Started: 2024-06-14

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of secukinumab 300mg in Chinese adults participants with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who have had an inadequate response to at least 2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or intolerance to or a contraindication for NS...

NCT07277179 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-03-20

The goal of this clinical trial is to To evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) Netakimab in adult Chinese patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis. Researchers will compare Netakimab to placebo to see if Netakimab works to treat Ankylosing Spondylitis.

NCT07261644 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-11-07

This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of 608 in patients with AS.

NCT07237568 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-08-29

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LNK01001 in subjects with active ankylosing spondylitis. The study is comprised of a 16-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled period (the Double-Blind Period); a 36-week open-label, long-term extension period...

NCT03447704 Phase: 3 Started: 2018-02-09

BCD-085-5 is an International, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-085. BCD-085 is a monoclonal antibody to interleukin 17. During BCD-085-5 trial patients with active ankylosing spondylitis will receive 120 mg of BCD-085 subcuta...

NCT06985134 Phase: 3 Started: 2017-01-01

the present study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy and safety of thalidomide and SSZ in moderate to severe cases of ankylosing spondylitis in Bangladesh.

NCT06000956 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-09-11

The goal of this clinical trial is evaluating the efficacy and safety of Jitongning tablets in participant population. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Based on the proportion of participants who achieved improvement in ASAS20, evaluate whether the efficacy of Jitongning tablets is superi...

NCT03355573 Phase: 2 Started: 2017-11-28

This is a study to assess the long term safety and tolerability of bimekizumab in subjects with ankylosing spondylitis

NCT04156620 Phase: 3 Started: 2019-12-11

The purpose of this global study was to demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of an intravenous (i.v.) regimen of secukinumab compared to placebo in participants with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA ) at Week 16 despite current or...


Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Ankylosing Spondylitis / Axial Spondyloarthropathy” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 5-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

54 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 45 not found by the gene-target search above.

Adalimumab

Approved · 7 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04527380 NCT01768858 NCT01895764

etanercept

Approved · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00873730 NCT00458185 NCT01793285

Golimumab

Approved · 4 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02186873 NCT01081717 NCT00265083

Infliximab

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01220518 NCT00724529 NCT00936143

Adalimumab, Etanercept, Golimumab or infliximabNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01610947 NCT01610947

Certolizumab Pegol

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02505542 NCT02154425

Jaktinib Hydrochloride TabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04507659 NCT04507659

Enbrel (etanercept)NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00421915 NCT00444340

MethotrexateNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01313858 NCT01895764

Secukinumab (AIN457) 150 mg s.c.NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02763046 NCT02763046

diclophenacNOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00715091 NCT00715091

PilatesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05987111

Erector spinae plane block(ESBP)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07633730

Etanercept ® 50 mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03033095

Employment and Arthritis: Making it WorkNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01852851

drug treatmentNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01038011

etanercept/placeboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00873730

Ustekinumab

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01330901

plantar pressure valuesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05731635

alendronateNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01104987

Brief InterventionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02374502

Bimekizumab

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT06668181

Meloxicam suppositoryNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02183168

Meloxicam tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02183168

IndomethacinNOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02183168

RosuvastatinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01389388

Celecoxib 200 milligramsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02528201

Celecoxib 400 milligramsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02528201

diclofenac 50 milligramsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02528201

adalimumab (D2E7)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00085644

kunxian capsuleNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00953979

Simponi®NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01313858

wet cupping therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05792358

Recombinant humanized IL-17A Monoclonal Antibody(JS005)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06250062

adalimumab (Humira)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00478660

Augment® Injectable Bone GraftNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01305356

Autologous bone graftNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01305356

systemic non-biological treatmentsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01081717

anti-TNF biologicsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01081717

non-anti-TNF biologicsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01081717

Placebo - Secukinumab (AIN457) 150 mg s.c.NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02763046

Ixekizumab

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04527380

gumokimab (AK111)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06378697

Hemay005NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05407246

secukinumab (AIN457)NOT in gene-target list

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00809159

Anti-TNF agentsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07453628

NSAIDsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07453628

Thalidomide 150mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02201043

Thalidomide 100mgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02201043

anti TNF alpha agentNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01361542

Anti TNF alpha therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01361542

Golimumab (CNTO 148); placeboNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00265083

Filgotinib

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT03926195

TNF-alpha antagonist and other biotherapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02886689

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.