Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Alopecia Areata

This page lists 10 druggable gene targets, 37 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Alopecia Areata, with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

Plain-language summary → New Treatments for Alopecia Areata (2026): JAKs & More

US DALYs2.23MWHO GHE 2021 · all ages
Global DALYs41.44MWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
US mortality6,479 deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021
Global mortality92.1K deaths/yrWHO GHE 2021 · worldwide
Spontaneous remissionPatchy AA: spontaneous regrowth in 50-80% within 1 year; alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/AU): spontaneous full…
Best-intervention remissionBaricitinib (Olumiant): 38.8% achieving ≥80% scalp coverage (SALT score ≤20) at 36 weeks vs 2% placebo (BRAVE-AA1)…
Gap sizeVery large — JAK inhibitors are transformative but no approved treatment existed before June 2022; most patients…
Primary barrieraccess
Full remission profile →
Research Tracker Chronic Disease Interventions Alopecia Areata

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Patchy AA: spontaneous regrowth in 50-80% within 1 year; alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/AU): spontaneous full regrowth <10%; chronic AA (>10 years): spontaneous remission rare
Best-intervention remission
Baricitinib (Olumiant): 38.8% achieving ≥80% scalp coverage (SALT score ≤20) at 36 weeks vs 2% placebo (BRAVE-AA1); ritlecitinib (Litfulo): 23.4% SALT ≤10 at 24 weeks (ALLEGRO); dupilumab: negative Phase 3 for AA (not effective despite positive for AD)
Gap size
Very large — JAK inhibitors are transformative but no approved treatment existed before June 2022; most patients previously managed with immunosuppressants with low efficacy and side effects
Primary barrier
access
Baricitinib (2022) and ritlecitinib (2023) are the first approved treatments specifically for severe AA; prior to this, intralesional corticosteroids and systemic immunosuppressants (cyclosporine, methotrexate) provided variable and non-durable response; cost ($20-25K/year) and durability questions on treatment cessation are key barriers

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

CTLA4 33IFNG 31IL15 38IL2RA 52IL2RB 14JAK1 233JAK2 307JAK3 275KLRK1 37TYK2 223

CTLA4

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TUVONRALIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUAVONLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THALIDOMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IPILIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
METHIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BLEOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT FAS LIGAND ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RETRO-INVERSO PEPTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
VISILIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTIBIOTIC ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CADONILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ERFONRILIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ZALIFRELIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WORTMANNIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ATEZOLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEHYDRATED ALCOHOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELPHALAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ABATACEPT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NURULIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOSINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE INHIBITOR FF-10501-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TREMELIMUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODY ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LORIGERLIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL5291170 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 31000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

IFNG

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
GANCICLOVIR ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EMAPALUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEFLOXACIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MELPHALAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CISPLATIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
EDRECOLOMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHYLPREDNISOLONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DOXIFLURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANHYDROUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
URSODIOL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BLEOMYCIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AMIKACIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FONTOLIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
AMG-811 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
THEOPHYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PENICILLIN G POTASSIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TRASTUZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FUMARIC ACID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SURAMIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IBUPROFEN, SODIUM SALT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC MELATONIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC AUTOLOGOUS LYMPHOCYTES ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THROMBIN ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-1-BETA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL3288259 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL3288260 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

IL15

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
IMMUNOADJUVANT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT CD40-LIGAND ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUERIN ANTIGEN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THERAPEUTIC GLUCOCORTICOID ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CYCLOSPORINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ORDESEKIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEGESTROL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TETRADECANOYLPHORBOL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVODOPA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIROLIMUS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LYMPHOKINE-ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL4102828 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 48400.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4103753 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19100.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4085144 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11600.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4101575 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 24100.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4066271 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19600.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4093847 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21200.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4087773 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 42400.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4088685 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 26000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4096400 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4069144 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20900.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4070160 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 25000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4101389 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21800.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4066088 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 78000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4067098 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 16000.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4864820 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4878149 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4848978 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4875914 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4868024 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4851186 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 710.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4846844 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 280.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4864898 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4847472 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4861648 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4857666 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 50.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL4852416 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3900.0 nM (Kd) ChEMBL

IL2RA

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PROGESTERONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SHO-SAIKO-TO ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUTAMIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERFERON BETA-1B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHINESE HERBS ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTI-TAC 90 Y-HAT ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
BASILIXIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
MERCAPTOPURINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LMB-2 ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
FARNESYLTRANSFERASE/GERANYLGERANYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR L-778,123 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ALDESLEUKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DRUGSATFDA.NDA:008378 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LENTINAN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HEPATITIS B VACCINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INTERLEUKIN-2 GENE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DHA-PACLITAXEL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IL-2/9/15 GAMMA CHAIN RECEPTOR INHIBITOR BNZ-1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MEGESTROL ACETATE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
INOLIMOMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VERAPAMIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ISOTRETINOIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
THEOPHYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DACLIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CLADRIBINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY R24 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CAMIDANLUMAB TESIRINE ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTITUBERCULAR AGENT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
LEVOTHYROXINE SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CAFFEINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DIDANOSINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FLUOROURACIL ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
ANTISERUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
METHIMAZOLE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DECITABINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BRYOSTATIN 1 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 52 agents ranked by evidence tier.

IL2RB

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BEMPEGALDESLEUKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DENILEUKIN DIFTITOX ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
MIK-BETA-1 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BASILIXIMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ALDESLEUKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HUMIK-BETA-1 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-15 ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
DACLIZUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEUKOCYTE INTERLEUKIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
SIMLUKAFUSP ALFA ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEGENZILEUKIN ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb
NOGAPENDEKIN ALFA INBAKICEPT ↑ activates Mechanistic DGIdb

JAK1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TRICETAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IVARMACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OCLACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
DECERNOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GOLIDOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
UPADACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LEPZACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BREPOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 30 [PMID: 37057760] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
WXFL10203614 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LIRUCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VEXICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ILGINATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 5E [PMID: 28580438] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 25AP [PMID: 37796543] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZEMPROCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AZD1480 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CERDULATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LONDAMOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
JAK INHIBITOR 20A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GUSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 8L [PMID: 36053746] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 13AC [PMID: 33256400] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
FILGOTINIB MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-956980 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SDC-1801 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ROPSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 18E [PMID: 31670517] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
UPADACITINIB HEMIHYDRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BLOVACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEURUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SOLCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CEE321 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NIK INHIBITOR 12F ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 233 agents ranked by evidence tier.

JAK2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
CEP-33779 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ITACNOSERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CEE321 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GILTERITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEMBROLIZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GANDOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PACRITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CEP-11981 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
GUSACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ITACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ENTRECTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
MIDOSTAURIN ? unclear Mechanistic 94.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
TOFACITINIB CITRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DOVITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic 7000.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
6-AZAURIDINE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BOMEDEMSTAT ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AT-9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.2 nM (IC50) DGIdb
UPADACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOZASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 190.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
AZD1208 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
DECERNOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-1530 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
HG-10-102-01 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ROVADICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
JAK3 INHIBITOR II ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IZENCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EMZELTRECTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LESTAURTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OLAPARIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FEDRATINIB HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
JNJ-7706621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 220.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
DELGOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
BINIMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BIIB068 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 307 agents ranked by evidence tier.

JAK3

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
NEZULCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SORAFENIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
2-TERT-BUTYL-9-FLUORO-1,6-DIHYDROBENZO[H]IMIDAZO[4,5-F]ISOQUINOLIN-7-ONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PACRITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PIM KINASE INHIBITOR LGH447 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
QUIZARTINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TASOCITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic 180.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
COMPOUND 18E [PMID: 31670517] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DECERNOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 13AC [PMID: 33256400] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEXAMETHASONE ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
IZENCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
IBRUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
VEXICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SELUMETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-06263276 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFACITINIB CITRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
PEFICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 8 [PMID: 17480064] ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BARICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CYC-116 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PF-956980 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CEP-33779 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SJ988497 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
JNJ-7706621 ? unclear Mechanistic 180.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
DELGOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 2 [PMID: 15546730] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
GANDOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AT-9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.1 nM (IC50) DGIdb
RITLECITINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CERDULATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
CENISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CEE321 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
R-333 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RITLECITINIB TOSYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 1D [PMID: 21493067] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 275 agents ranked by evidence tier.

KLRK1

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
AUTOLOGOUS NKG2D CAR-CD3ZETA-DAP10-EXPRESSING T-LYMPHOCYTES CYAD-01 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
TESNATILIMAB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RIBAVIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CHEMBL5416566 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5433799 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5421112 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5413007 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5412456 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5405730 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5439663 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5440208 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5393727 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5421826 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5428731 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5399509 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5401653 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5406012 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 900.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5406354 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5435052 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 700.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5407256 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5434369 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5411788 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1000.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5426771 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 400.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5419966 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1800.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5430627 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1600.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5438606 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5404943 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 500.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5420013 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5405635 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5438591 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5418204 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5408363 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5400078 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5397883 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5406023 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL
CHEMBL5400409 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50) ChEMBL

TYK2

UniProt Ensembl DGIdb Open Targets
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
JAK3 INHIBITOR 34 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SDC-1801 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOFACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 250.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
GOLIDOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TYK2 INHIBITOR 18 [WO2023227946] ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
GDC-0214 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TAMATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
JAK INHIBITOR 20A ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
NVP-TAE684 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
PEFICITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TYD-68 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
BREPOCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
LORPUCITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 25AP [PMID: 37796543] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TOZASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic 510.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
FILGOTINIB MALEATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEURUXOLITINIB PHOSPHATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
MOMELOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 13 [PMID: 34333981] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
DEUCRAVACITINIB ~ modulates Mechanistic DGIdb
CADEFRECITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
JNJ-7706621 ? unclear Mechanistic 32.0 nM (Kd) DGIdb
BMS-986202 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
FILGOTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 30 [PMID: 37057760] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SJ988497 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-2 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
CERDULATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
EDODEKIN ALFA ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
RG-1530 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 150.0 nM (IC50) DGIdb
UPADACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
SAR-20347 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ZOTIRACICLIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
G&OUML; 6976 ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb
COMPOUND 13AC [PMID: 33256400] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
TYK2 INHIBITOR 14L ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
OCLACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic DGIdb
ILORASERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic DGIdb

Showing top 40 of 223 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Alopecia Areata: recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

A Study of LY4005130 in Adult Participants With Severe Alopecia Areata (Hair Loss) Recruiting
NCT07533006 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-04-14

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well LY4005130 works in participants with severe alopecia areata (hair loss) when compared with placebo, and how well it's tolerated and what side effects may occur. Blood tests will be performed to investigate how the body processes the study drug and ho...

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Deuruxolitinib in Japanese Adults With Severe Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT07617597 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-06-19

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of deuruxolitinib in Japanese Adults between 18 and 65 years of age who have 50% or greater scalp hair loss.

A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Upadacitinib in Pediatric Participants With Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT07772492 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-08-24

Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease that happens when the immune system attacks hair follicles and causes hair loss. AA usually affects the scalp and face, but hair loss can happen on any hair-bearing part of the body. Some treatment options are available for adults and adolescents with AA, however th...

A Study in Young People and Adults to Learn About the Medicine Ritlecitinib for Treatment of Patchy Hair Loss, Known by the Medical Term as Moderate Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT07733765 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-07-30

The purpose of this clinical study is to learn about the safety and effects of the study medicine (called ritlecitinib) for the potential treatment of moderate alopecia areata (AA). This study is seeking participants who are * 12 years or older (if permitted by the local IRB/EC and local regulatory ...

A Study of 2 Doses of Ritlecitinib in People 12 Years of Age and Older With Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT06873945 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-04-01

The purpose of the study is to learn about the safety and effects of the study medicine (called ritlecitinib) for the treatment of alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is a disease that causes hair loss on the scalp, face, and areas of the body. Ritlecitinib is approved in many countries at a dose of 50...

A Phase I Study of VC005 Tablets in Adolescent Subjects With Severe Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT07762443 Phase: 1 Started: 2026-09-22

This study is a multicenter, open-label, non-randomized, dose-finding Phase I study designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and preliminary efficacy of VC005 tablets in adolescent subjects with severe alopecia areata (AA).

A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Upadacitinib Tablets in Adult and Adolescent Participants With Severe Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT06012240 Phase: 3 Started: 2023-10-11

Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease that happens when the immune system attacks hair follicles and causes hair loss. AA usually affects the head and face, but hair loss can happen on any part of the body. The purpose of this study is to assess how safe, effective, and tolerable upadacitinib is in adol...

A Long-Term Study to Learn About The Study Medicine Called Ritlecitinib in Children With Severe Alopecia Areata. Recruiting
NCT07029828 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-09-10

The purpose of this clinical trial is to learn about long-term safety and long-term effects of the study medicine (called ritlecitinib) for the potential treatment of severe alopecia areata, a condition that causes hair loss. This study is seeking participants who have: * previously completed one of...

A Phase 2b Study to Evaluate Rezpegaldesleukin (Rezpeg) in the Treatment of Severe to Very Severe Alopecia Areata in Adult Patients (Rezolve AA) Completed
NCT06340360 Phase: 2 Started: 2024-04-02

This is an interventional, randomized, double blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, Phase 2b, 3-arm study to assess the effect of pegylated-recombinant-human interleukin-2 (rezpegaldesleukin) in adult participants with severe to very severe alopecia areata. The estimated duration includes a scr...

Dupilumab in the Treatment of Pediatric Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT05866562 Phase: 2 Started: 2024-07-11

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study will take place at four sites. This trial will enroll a total of 76 children and adolescents with moderate to severe AA (affecting at least 30% of the scalp) at the time of screening with a targeted 61 part...

Phase II Clinical Study of VC005 Tablets in Subjects With Severe Alopecia Areata Recruiting
NCT07749716 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-08-18

This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of VC005 tablets in subjects with severe alopecia areata (AA).

A Study to Learn About Medicine Called Ritlecitinib in Children Aged Between 6 to 12 Years With Severe Alopecia Areata Active Not Recruiting
NCT07029711 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-07-31

The purpose of this study is to learn about the safety and effects of the study medicine (called ritlecitinib) for the possible treatment of severe alopecia areata. Alopecia areata is a condition that causes hair loss. This study is seeking participants who have: * at least 50% scalp hair loss due t...

Intralesional Cyclosporine for Alopecia Areata Active Not Recruiting
NCT07029204 Phase: Early 1 Started: 2025-08-19

Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes non-scarring, focal areas of hair loss. Due to its resulting disfigurement and unpredictable course, it is recognized as a serious medical condition with severe emotional and psychosocial distress, including a high prevalence of depres...

A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Upadacitinib Tablets in Adult and Adolescent Participants in Japan With Alopecia Areata Active Not Recruiting
NCT07023302 Phase: 3 Started: 2025-06-19

Alopecia areata (AA) is a disease that happens when the immune system attacks hair follicles and causes hair loss. AA usually affects the head and face, but hair loss can happen on any part of the body. The purpose of this study is to assess how safe, effective, and tolerable upadacitinib is in adol...

A Study of DR-01 in Subjects With Alopecia Areata and Vitiligo Active Not Recruiting
NCT06602232 Phase: 1 Started: 2024-10-30

This is a multi-center, parallel-group, open-label, randomized, Phase 1b study to explore the safety, clinical activity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DR-01 in adults with Alopecia Areata or Vitiligo.

Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Alopecia Areata” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 10-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

37 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 34 not found by the gene-target search above.

platelet rich plasmaNOT in gene-target list

· 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02865421 NCT03376581 NCT03689452

deuruxolitinib (CTP-543)NOT in gene-target list

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05041803 NCT03898479 NCT03811912

ritlecitinib

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT07821216 NCT06531109 NCT07226531

Triamcinolone AcetonideNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT03535233 NCT07757867

Tofacitinib

Phase 3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02299297 NCT02312882

Topical Minoxidil 5%NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07776015 NCT07012486

Upadacitinib

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT07772492

Minoxidil 5 % Topical SprayNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03535233

clobetasol propionateNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT03535233

stem cellsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02865421

ivarmacitinib (SHR0302)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04346316

Minoxidil 5% Topical SolutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05989165

HydroxychloroquineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00176982

Topical MinoxidilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07373054

Traditional Exosome Lyophilized PowderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07373054

Innovative Exosome Lyophilized PowderNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07373054

Viviscal Extra-Strength SupplementNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02297360

Latanoprost (Xalatan)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00187577

Bimatoprost (Lumigan)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00187577

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived ExosomesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07693244

Vegetarian CollagenNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04249128

KeratinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04249128

CeramidesNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04249128

AstaxanthinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04249128

Topical Minoxidil 5% SolutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07563036

3%Minoxidil lotionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01391156

3% Minoxidil with 0.1% Finasteride lotionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01391156

niostem headset (Active)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06994819

bimatoprost Formulation ANOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01325337

bimatoprost Formulation BNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01325337

bimatoprost Formulation CNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01325337

minoxidil 5% solutionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01325337

Minoxidil FoamNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03488108

Capillus352NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06748287

Viviscal Oral Supplement TabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02288858

Drug: VC005 tabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07749716

VC005 tabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07749716

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.