Where Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is reported
Also listed as: Pro-inflammatory cytokine
| Condition | Direction | Compared against | Associated symptoms | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf War Illness | ↑ elevated | healthy Gulf War veteran controls | Fatigue, pain, inflammation | Johnson et al. 2016 |
| Long COVID | ↑ elevated | healthy controls, recovered individuals without persistent symptoms | Fatigue, myalgia | Lai et al. 2023; Saito et al. 2024 |
| ME/CFS | ↕ inconsistent | healthy controls | Fatigue, heterogeneous across studies | Corbitt et al. 2019 |
Frequently asked questions
In which conditions is Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) altered?
In the OSMF atlas Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is reported in Gulf War Illness, Long COVID, ME/CFS. It is elevated in 2, mixed in 1 across 3 entries.
Does Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) point to one specific diagnosis?
No. Because Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) changes in several conditions (Gulf War Illness, Long COVID, ME/CFS), an abnormal result cannot identify which condition, if any, is present. It must be interpreted with symptoms, history and other tests.
What is the LOINC code for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)?
Entries in this atlas use LOINC 3074-8. LOINC codes identify the laboratory observation so results can be compared across systems.
Is one abnormal Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) result diagnostic?
No single biomarker result is diagnostic of any of these conditions. Findings reflect group averages from published cohorts with substantial overlap between patients and controls.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-29 · Browse: Biomarker Index · All marker pages · Biomarker Atlas
Disclaimer: Educational synthesis of peer-reviewed research; not medical advice. Findings are group-level and vary with study design. Discuss any result with a qualified clinician.