Summary
| Direction in Long COVID | ↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Inflammatory |
| Also described as | Monocyte activation marker |
| Compared against | HC, R (healthy controls, recovered individuals without persistent symptoms) |
| Associated symptoms | Innate immune activation |
| Test type | Blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood) |
| LOINC code | 30180-5 |
| Source | Saito et al. 2024 — doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341843 |
| Condition atlas | Long COVID Biomarker Atlas |
Other conditions where sCD14 is reported
- sCD14 in Gulf War Illness — ↑ elevated vs HGV
- sCD14 in ME/CFS — ↑ elevated vs HC
See the cross-condition hub: sCD14 across conditions.
Trials, interventions and tests
Commercial test availability
Soluble CD14 (sCD14) — specialty laboratory test. Research-oriented marker; limited routine availability.
Links are for reference only; availability, specimen requirements and coverage vary by location.
Related Inflammatory markers in Long COVID
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ↑
- Flt-1 / sVEGFR-1 ↑
- Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) ↑
- CCL4 (MIP-1β) ↑
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) ↑
- Cystatin D (CST5) ↑
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) ↑
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines (composite) ↓
Full list: Long COVID Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is Soluble CD14 (sCD14) high or low in Long COVID?
Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher Soluble CD14 (sCD14) in Long COVID than in healthy controls, recovered individuals without persistent symptoms. Source: Saito et al. 2024.
What symptoms is Soluble CD14 (sCD14) associated with in Long COVID?
The cited literature associates this marker with Innate immune activation. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures Soluble CD14 (sCD14)?
It is measured as a blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood). The standard laboratory code is LOINC 30180-5. Commercial laboratories such as Mayo Clinic Laboratories list an orderable assay.
Is one abnormal Soluble CD14 (sCD14) result diagnostic of Long COVID?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of Long COVID. Soluble CD14 (sCD14) findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
Is Soluble CD14 (sCD14) specific to Long COVID?
No. The same marker is also reported in Gulf War Illness, ME/CFS in this atlas, so it reflects shared biology (for example inflammation or vascular stress) rather than a condition-specific signature.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-29 · Page generated from long-covid.json · Browse: Long COVID atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.