Summary
| Direction in Long COVID | ↑ Elevated — higher than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Inflammatory |
| Also described as | Acute phase protein |
| Compared against | HC (healthy controls) |
| Associated symptoms | Systemic inflammation |
| Test type | Blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood) |
| LOINC code | 35648-5 |
| Source | Baalbaki et al. 2025 — doi:10.1111/all.16526 |
| Condition atlas | Long COVID Biomarker Atlas |
Trials, interventions and tests
In clinical-trial registrations this marker maps to the outcome term Change of Von Willebrand Factor over time-points (baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 12 weeks) via blood sample. (1 registered trials use a matching outcome measure).
Clinical trials using Serum Amyloid A (SAA) as an outcome
- NCT05531019: COVID-19 Sequelae: Treatment and Monitoring. A Dietary Supplement Based on Sea Urchin Eggs With Echinochroma A (Completed)
Outcome measure: Change of Von Willebrand Factor over time-points (baseline, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, 12 weeks) via blood sample.
Commercial test availability
Serum Amyloid A (SAA) — specialty laboratory test.
Links are for reference only; availability, specimen requirements and coverage vary by location.
Related Inflammatory markers in Long COVID
- Ferritin ↕
- Interleukin-10 (IL-10) ↕
- Interleukin-8 (IL-8) ↑
- Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) ↑
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines (composite) ↓
- Cystatin D (CST5) ↑
- CCL4 (MIP-1β) ↑
- Flt-1 / sVEGFR-1 ↑
Full list: Long COVID Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is Serum Amyloid A (SAA) high or low in Long COVID?
Elevated. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report higher Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in Long COVID than in healthy controls. Source: Baalbaki et al. 2025.
What symptoms is Serum Amyloid A (SAA) associated with in Long COVID?
The cited literature associates this marker with Systemic inflammation. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures Serum Amyloid A (SAA)?
It is measured as a blood test (serum / plasma / whole blood). The standard laboratory code is LOINC 35648-5. Commercial laboratories such as LabCorp list an orderable assay.
Is one abnormal Serum Amyloid A (SAA) result diagnostic of Long COVID?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of Long COVID. Serum Amyloid A (SAA) findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
Cite this page
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-29 · Page generated from long-covid.json · Browse: Long COVID atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.