Biomarker & Intervention Discovery

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

This page lists 11 druggable gene targets, 54 approved or trial-tested drug candidates and 15 recent clinical trials for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), with each agent ranked by the strength of its evidence (clinical, mechanistic or correlative). Candidates include existing drugs that could be repurposed. Sources are linked so you can check every claim.

NIH funding$377MFY2025 · RCDC estimate
Funding levelSeverely Underfunded
Spontaneous remissionWithout treatment, median survival from diagnosis 2.8 years (pre-modern-therapy era); with current therapy 5-year…
Best-intervention remissionTriple upfront combination therapy (ambrisentan + tadalafil + selexipag): 41% reduction in clinical failure events…
Gap sizeLarge — most patients still receive sequential monotherapy or dual therapy rather than upfront triple therapy
Primary barrierpractice/access
Full remission profile →

Remission & chronicity

Spontaneous remission
Without treatment, median survival from diagnosis 2.8 years (pre-modern-therapy era); with current therapy 5-year survival ~50-60%; spontaneous remission essentially unknown
Best-intervention remission
Triple upfront combination therapy (ambrisentan + tadalafil + selexipag): 41% reduction in clinical failure events (TRITON trial); macitentan + tadalafil initial combination: 41% risk reduction (AMBITION); lung transplantation: 50-60% 5-year survival
Gap size
Large — most patients still receive sequential monotherapy or dual therapy rather than upfront triple therapy
Primary barrier
practice/access
Upfront combination therapy evidence is robust but drug costs (selexipag alone ~$150K/year) limit access; PAH is often missed or delayed in diagnosis (mean 2-year diagnostic delay); most patients are not treated at PAH expert centres where combination protocols are standard

Biomarker Targets & Therapeutic Agents

Gene targets queried against DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, and Europe PMC. Agents ranked: Clinical > Mechanistic > Correlative.

ACVR2A 47ACVRL1 180BMPR2 70EDNRA 226EDNRB 208GUCY1A1 207GUCY1B1 207KCNK3 199PDE5A 220PDGFRB 269PTGIR 189
Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
BIMAGRUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
DIBOTERMIN ALFA ↑ activates Mechanistic
SOTATERCEPT ? unclear Mechanistic
DASATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 210.0 nM (Kd)
JNJ-7706621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2900.0 nM (Kd)
LESTAURTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2500.0 nM (Kd)
TAE-684 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2200.0 nM (Kd)
KW-2449 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 320.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1241674 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 18.0 nM (Kd)
ALVOCIDIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3100.0 nM (Kd)
STAUROSPORINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8900.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL386051 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL4283638 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2370.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4792978 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 180.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4747912 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4783244 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4795223 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1100.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4779579 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4741913 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 190.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4741185 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 700.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4744988 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 630.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4752199 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 310.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4750258 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1200.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4777071 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4798505 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1200.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4763122 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 960.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4748097 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3800.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4764416 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2700.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4782729 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2900.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4779273 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1900.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4792464 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4100.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4749061 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4763627 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4749011 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 530.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4758580 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4747422 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 800.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4744618 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 860.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4787891 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2400.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4791414 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL4751832 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3000.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 47 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
DALANTERCEPT ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
COMPOUND 13R [PMID: 23639540] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ASCRINVACUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
HESPERADIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
LDN-214117 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PANULISIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ZILURGISERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ML347 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
COMPOUND 13D [PMID: 23639540] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
COMPOUND 13A [PMID: 23639540] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DASATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 460.0 nM (Kd)
JNJ-7706621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2900.0 nM (Kd)
VANDETANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 470.0 nM (Kd)
LESTAURTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2200.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1908395 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1900.0 nM (Kd)
TAE-684 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 57.0 nM (Kd)
NINTEDANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4200.0 nM (Kd)
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2400.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1241674 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.9 nM (Kd)
ALVOCIDIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4500.0 nM (Kd)
TOZASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9500.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL386051 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 69.0 nM (Kd)
DORSOMORPHIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 106.3 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385586 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 55.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385600 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 52.4 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL502351 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 46.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385579 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 42.1 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385597 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL511563 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 26.5 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385591 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14.4 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL513147 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 13.3 nM (IC50)
STAUROSPORINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 850.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3341789 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671311 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4.701 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671321 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 231.3 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671317 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 38.86 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671312 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 15.11 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671315 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 174.4 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671318 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.157 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3671309 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 9.812 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 180 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
EPTOTERMIN ALFA ↑ activates Mechanistic
COMPOUND 13A [PMID: 23639540] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DIBOTERMIN ALFA ↑ activates Mechanistic
DEUCRAVACITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 193.0 nM (IC50)
LINIFANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7800.0 nM (Kd)
DOVITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3100.0 nM (Kd)
JNJ-7706621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 880.0 nM (Kd)
SU-014813 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 200.0 nM (Kd)
SUNITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 570.0 nM (Kd)
TOZASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7100.0 nM (Kd)
LESTAURTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (Kd)
PHA-665752 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6200.0 nM (Kd)
RUXOLITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 930.0 nM (Kd)
TAE-684 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3900.0 nM (Kd)
NINTEDANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 56.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1908395 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 310.0 nM (Kd)
FEDRATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2900.0 nM (Kd)
KW-2449 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 370.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL1241674 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 89.0 nM (Kd)
BOSUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 580.0 nM (Kd)
STAUROSPORINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2300.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL513147 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3845.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385582 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3640.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385596 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2360.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385591 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 695.0 nM (IC50)
DORSOMORPHIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 74.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385586 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 59.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385600 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 24.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL2385579 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 15.9 nM (IC50)
CYC-116 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 14377.0 nM (Kd)
PF-03814735 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.0 nM (Kd)
Cerdulatinib Hydrochloride ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4861.0 nM (Kd)
SILMITASERTIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1056.0 nM (Kd)
ORANTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 19.0 nM (Kd)
AT-9283 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 43.0 nM (Kd)
CHEMBL400402 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3.0 nM (Kd)
OSI-027 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2097.0 nM (Kd)
RGB-286638 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 153.0 nM (Kd)
TP-030-1 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1000.0 nM (IC50)
TP-030-2 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1000.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 70 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
MACITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ZIBOTENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FR139317 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DARUSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BMS-193884 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[125I]PD151242 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DIOSUXENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AMBRISENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SITAXENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.4 nM (IC50)
CLAZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ATRASENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 0.31 nM (IC50)
[3H]S0139 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GETAGOZUMAB ? unclear Mechanistic
[3H]BQ123 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
EDONENTAN ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BOSENTAN ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SOVATELTIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
PD-156707 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[125I]SARAFOTOXIN S6B ↑ activates Mechanistic
ENDOTHELIN-2 ↑ activates Mechanistic
AVOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[18F]ET-1 (HUMAN, MOUSE, RAT) ↑ activates Mechanistic
SPARSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENRASENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1.1 nM (Ki)
APROCITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
NEBENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENDOTHELIN-1 ↑ activates Mechanistic
PD164333 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[125I]PD164333 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SITAXENTAN SODIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[125I]ET-2 (HUMAN) ↑ activates Mechanistic
BQ-123 ? unclear Mechanistic 22.0 nM (IC50)
SB234551 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ATRASENTAN HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TBC-3711 ? unclear Mechanistic
BQ123 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TEZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 23.0 nM (IC50)
PREDNISONE ? unclear Mechanistic
[125I]ET-1 (HUMAN, MOUSE, RAT) ↑ activates Mechanistic
SARAFOTOXIN S6B ↑ activates Mechanistic

Showing top 40 of 226 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
K-8794 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AMBRISENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BOSENTAN ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BQ 3020 ↑ activates Mechanistic
ENDOTHELIN-1 ? unclear Mechanistic
ENRASENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 110.0 nM (Ki)
BMS-193884 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[125I]ET-1 (HUMAN, MOUSE, RAT) ↑ activates Mechanistic
SOVATELTIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic
[125I]BQ3020 ↑ activates Mechanistic
MACITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PACLITAXEL PROTEIN-BOUND ? unclear Mechanistic
APROCITENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENDOTHELIN-3 ↑ activates Mechanistic
IRL 2500 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
A192621 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SITAXENTAN SODIUM ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SITAXENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RG-7636 ~ modulates Mechanistic
CLAZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SARAFOTOXIN S6C ↑ activates Mechanistic
[125I][ALA1,3,11,15]ET-1 ↑ activates Mechanistic
RO 46-8443 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
[ALA1,3,11,15]ET-1 ↑ activates Mechanistic
BQ788 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RES7011 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TEZOSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ATRASENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DARUSENTAN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
BOSENTAN ? unclear Mechanistic 340.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL170335 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL175228 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 54000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL177546 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 48000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL174448 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 34000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL353502 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 70000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL368629 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 79000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL173059 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 50000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL414605 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 20000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL175698 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 90000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL278176 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 60.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 208 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
NITROGLYCERIN ↑ activates Mechanistic
METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
PRALICIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
RIOCIGUAT ~ modulates Mechanistic
VERICIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
RUNCACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
NITRIC OXIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic
OLINCIGUAT ~ modulates Mechanistic
CINACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
ATACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
NITROPRUSSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
BENZYDAMINE ↑ activates Mechanistic 1020.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL202402 ↑ activates Mechanistic 21900.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3604521 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 37000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3808502 ↑ activates Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809082 ↑ activates Mechanistic 530.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808494 ↑ activates Mechanistic 280.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810301 ↑ activates Mechanistic 240.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808807 ↑ activates Mechanistic 380.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810321 ↑ activates Mechanistic 370.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809131 ↑ activates Mechanistic 880.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810028 ↑ activates Mechanistic 180.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809867 ↑ activates Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810365 ↑ activates Mechanistic 320.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809227 ↑ activates Mechanistic 730.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810113 ↑ activates Mechanistic 160.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810075 ↑ activates Mechanistic 350.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809557 ↑ activates Mechanistic 900.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808998 ↑ activates Mechanistic 590.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809479 ↑ activates Mechanistic 190.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809730 ↑ activates Mechanistic 290.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809566 ↑ activates Mechanistic 500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809864 ↑ activates Mechanistic 240.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3929069 ↑ activates Mechanistic 5500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3951365 ↑ activates Mechanistic 2600.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3923657 ↑ activates Mechanistic 720.0 nM (EC50)

Showing top 40 of 207 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
RUNCACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
VERICIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
RIOCIGUAT ~ modulates Mechanistic
PRALICIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
ATACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
ISOSORBIDE MONONITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
PENTAERYTHRITOL TETRANITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE ↑ activates Mechanistic
CINACIGUAT ↑ activates Mechanistic
OLINCIGUAT ~ modulates Mechanistic
SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic
NITROGLYCERIN ↑ activates Mechanistic
METHYLENE BLUE ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
NITRIC OXIDE ↑ activates Mechanistic
NITROPRUSSIDE ? unclear Mechanistic
BENZYDAMINE ↑ activates Mechanistic 1020.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL202402 ↑ activates Mechanistic 21900.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3604521 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 37000.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3808502 ↑ activates Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809082 ↑ activates Mechanistic 530.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808494 ↑ activates Mechanistic 280.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810301 ↑ activates Mechanistic 240.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808807 ↑ activates Mechanistic 380.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810321 ↑ activates Mechanistic 370.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809131 ↑ activates Mechanistic 880.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810028 ↑ activates Mechanistic 180.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809867 ↑ activates Mechanistic 1500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810365 ↑ activates Mechanistic 320.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809227 ↑ activates Mechanistic 730.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810113 ↑ activates Mechanistic 160.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3810075 ↑ activates Mechanistic 350.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809557 ↑ activates Mechanistic 900.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3808998 ↑ activates Mechanistic 590.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809479 ↑ activates Mechanistic 190.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809730 ↑ activates Mechanistic 290.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809566 ↑ activates Mechanistic 500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3809864 ↑ activates Mechanistic 240.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3929069 ↑ activates Mechanistic 5500.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3951365 ↑ activates Mechanistic 2600.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL3923657 ↑ activates Mechanistic 720.0 nM (EC50)

Showing top 40 of 207 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
KU124 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DOXAPRAM HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ISOFLURANE ↑ activates Mechanistic
CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ? unclear Mechanistic
AVE1231 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
HALOTHANE ↑ activates Mechanistic
ENFLURANE ↑ activates Mechanistic
ARACHIDONIC ACID ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
R-(+)-METHANANDAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SEVOFLURANE ↑ activates Mechanistic
BA2+ ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DESFLURANE ↑ activates Mechanistic
ANANDAMIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DOXAPRAM ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL2324344 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 300.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL148342 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 7.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL1310568 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 27.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3186207 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 100.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3186489 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 21.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3188343 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 220.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3183938 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 330.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL1532914 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 45.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3184075 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 310.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3182809 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 500.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3184966 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 52.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3186206 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 130.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3186946 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 160.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3184653 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 260.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL1716797 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 37.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3188024 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 800.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3182777 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 29.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3183945 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 160.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3182370 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 86.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL1541525 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 1290.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3188245 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 250.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3184095 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 79.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3181939 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 91.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3185736 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 30.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3184438 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 330.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL3181946 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 190.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 199 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
IBUDILAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SILDENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 8.7 nM (EC50)
GISADENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AVANAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
COMPOUND 3M [PMID: 32603117] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DIPYRIDAMOLE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
T0156 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TADALAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 6.7 nM (IC50)
PF-03049423 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SCH51866 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PENTOXIFYLLINE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MIRODENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
THEOPHYLLINE ? unclear Mechanistic
ZAPRINAST ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 900.0 nM (IC50)
PAPAVERINE ? unclear Mechanistic
ICARIIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ROLIPRAM ? unclear Mechanistic
SLX-2101 ? unclear Mechanistic
VARDENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
PF-00489791 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SILDENAFIL CITRATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENALAPRIL MALEATE ? unclear Mechanistic
NITROSOPRODENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
OSI-461 ? unclear Mechanistic
SIMENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR (RECOMBINANT) ? unclear Mechanistic
VARDENAFIL HYDROCHLORIDE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MILRINONE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
LORNEIC ACID A ? unclear Mechanistic
EXISULIND ? unclear Mechanistic
UDENAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
COMPOUND 53 [PMID: 19631533] ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TUNODAFIL ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CHEMBL90164 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 11.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL87901 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 60.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL313197 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 24.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL86578 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 93.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL313561 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 130.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL87202 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 10.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL87954 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 135.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 220 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
TELATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RIPRETINIB ? unclear Mechanistic
DOVITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
DASATINIB ANHYDROUS ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
LINIFANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ROMIPLOSTIM ? unclear Mechanistic
IMATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AMUVATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SUNITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 2.0 nM (IC50)
SNS-314 ? unclear Mechanistic
PP2 ? unclear Mechanistic
TAK-593 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
AXITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
SERALUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RG-1530 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
GTP-14564 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CENISERTIB ? unclear Mechanistic
BECAPLERMIN ↑ activates Mechanistic
XL-820 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
VELZATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TANDUTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 26.0 nM (IC50)
HESPERADIN ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FAMITINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
REGORAFENIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
IMATINIB MESYLATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
X-82 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TAK-632 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FLUMBATINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MOTESANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TAMATINIB ? unclear Mechanistic
LEUCOVORIN CALCIUM ? unclear Mechanistic
TG100-801 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TOCERANIB PHOSPHATE ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ORANTINIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 60.0 nM (IC50)
VATALANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
CEDIRANIB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
ENMD-981693 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
IACS-9439 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
RINUCUMAB ↓ inhibits Mechanistic

Showing top 40 of 269 agents ranked by evidence tier.

Therapeutic Agent Effect Direction Evidence Tier Potency Source
AFP-07 ↑ activates Mechanistic
BUTAPROST (FREE ACID FORM) ↑ activates Mechanistic
[3H]ILOPROST ↑ activates Mechanistic
EP 157 ↑ activates Mechanistic
TREPROSTINIL ↑ activates Mechanistic
TAPROSTENE ↑ activates Mechanistic
CAY10441 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
FK-788 ↑ activates Mechanistic
RALINEPAG ↑ activates Mechanistic
ESUBERAPROST ↑ activates Mechanistic
TG6-129 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
TEI-9063 ↑ activates Mechanistic
FR181157 ↑ activates Mechanistic
TREPROSTINIL DIOLAMINE ↑ activates Mechanistic
ASPIRIN ? unclear Mechanistic
BERAPROST ↑ activates Mechanistic
MRE-269 ↑ activates Mechanistic
CARBACYCLIN ↑ activates Mechanistic
SELEXIPAG ↑ activates Mechanistic
EPOPROSTENOL SODIUM ↑ activates Mechanistic
BMY 45778 ↑ activates Mechanistic
TREPROSTINIL SODIUM ↑ activates Mechanistic
ILOPROST TROMETHAMINE ↑ activates Mechanistic
LAROPIPRANT ? unclear Mechanistic 6628.0 nM (Ki)
CICAPROST ↑ activates Mechanistic
ALPROSTADIL ↑ activates Mechanistic 150.0 nM (Ki)
EPOPROSTENOL ↑ activates Mechanistic
ILOPROST ↑ activates Mechanistic 6.5 nM (Ki)
BAY-73-1449 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
U46619 ↑ activates Mechanistic
DINOPROST TROMETHAMINE ? unclear Mechanistic
RO3244794 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic
MISOPROSTOL ? unclear Mechanistic
CHEMBL432522 ↑ activates Mechanistic 37.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL64804 ↑ activates Mechanistic 260.0 nM (EC50)
CHEMBL64663 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 870.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL132589 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 54.0 nM (Ki)
CHEMBL309987 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 5900.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL420398 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 4500.0 nM (IC50)
CHEMBL435382 ↓ inhibits Mechanistic 3300.0 nM (IC50)

Showing top 40 of 189 agents ranked by evidence tier.


Clinical Trials

Drug, biologic and supplement trials (treatment or prevention) from ClinicalTrials.gov whose main condition is Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH): recruiting, active or completed, most recently updated first. Data retrieved 2026-10-28.

NCT07441200 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-09-29

A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Finding Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Orally Administered NS-863 in Participants with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

NCT07318597 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-05-06

This study is researching an experimental drug called REGN13335. The study is focused on participants with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). The aim of the study is to see how safe and effective REGN13335 is in participants with PAH who are taking other PAH medicines. The study is looking at se...

NCT07600723 Phase: 4 Started: 2026-10-08

Researchers are looking for other ways to treat people in India with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), also known as Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH). In PAH, the blood vessels in the lungs become thick and narrow, which makes it harder for blood to flow to the lungs. This causes high blood ...

NCT05649748 Phase: 2/3 Started: 2023-03-07

The primary purpose of the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the long-term use of TPIP in participants with PAH from studies INS1009-201 (NCT04791514), INS1009-202 (NCT05147805) and other lead-in studies of TPIP in participants with PAH.

NCT06274801 Phase: 3 Started: 2024-09-03

This open-label extension study will evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of orally inhaled seralutinib in subjects who have completed a previous seralutinib study

NCT07481981 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-07-21

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of 24-weeks of once daily treatment with TPIP compared with placebo on exercise capacity in adults with PAH.

NCT07218029 Phase: 3 Started: 2021-05-12

Researchers are looking for more ways to treat PAH. In PAH, the blood vessels in the lungs become thick and narrow, which makes it harder for blood to flow. This causes high blood pressure in the lungs and overworks the heart. PAH can make it hard to breathe and be active. Some standard (usual) trea...

NCT07175038 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-10-01

This study evaluates the effect of ROC-101 in adults with either Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) or Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD-PH). Each eligible participant will receive standard of care (SOC) plus ROC-101 for a 24-week treatment period, followed by ...

NCT04273945 Phase: 3 Started: 2020-06-30

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate superiority of macitentan 75 milligrams (mg) in prolonging the time to the first clinical events committee (CEC)-adjudicated morbidity or mortality (M/M) event in participants with symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) compared to macitentan 10...

NCT07646860 Phase: 2 Started: 2026-09-17

The goal of this study is to learn about the safety of sotatercept and how well Japanese children tolerate it, when taken along with standard (usual) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment. Researchers also want to learn what happens to it in a person's body over time and whether it lowers ...

NCT03492177 Phase: 2 Started: 2018-07-23

The purpose of this study to confirm the selexipag starting dose(s), selected based on pharmacokinetic (PK) extrapolation from adults, that leads to similar exposure as adults doses in children from greater than or equal to (\>=) 2 to less than (˂) 18 years of age with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertensio...

NCT07824674 Phase: 2/3 Started: 2026-09

The goal of this clinical study is to investigate whether the additional intake of sildenafil 20mg on top of standard medical treatment results in a benefit on maximum exercise workload (Wmax) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

NCT07143448 Phase: 1/2 Started: 2026-08-19

Phase 1b/2 Study of HS235 Assessing the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of the Activin Signaling Inhibitor HS235 Added to Background Treatment in Adults with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

NCT07365332 Phase: 3 Started: 2026-04-23

This is an adaptive, 2-part, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IKT-001 in adult participants with WHO Group 1 PAH.

NCT06992440 Phase: 2 Started: 2025-06-26

Randomized, triple-masked, parallel arm clinical trial of empagliflozin versus placebo in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) participants on stable approved PAH-targeted medical therapy.


Agents Found By Disease-Level Search

Searched directly from “Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)” via ClinicalTrials.gov interventions and Open Targets' disease→drug data — independent of the 11-gene target panel above. This surfaces agents whose mechanism doesn't route through a curated gene (combination therapies, standard-of-care drugs, targets outside the panel).

54 agents shown (approved or with trial evidence) — 47 not found by the gene-target search above.

Sildenafil citrate

Approved · 3 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00159913 NCT00159913 NCT00159913

BIA 5-1058NOT in gene-target list

· 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04675944 NCT03489005

Sildenafil

Phase 3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02951429 NCT01392469

FrespaciguatNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2/3 · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04732221 NCT03744637

Bosentan

Approved · 2 trials · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00319267 NCT01392469

ClevidipineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01121458

RosuvastatinNOT in gene-target list

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00984932

HGP1206NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01864863

TraclearNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01864863

NitriteNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01932606

selexipag (Uptravi)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03492177

Iloprost

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01274481

PB1046 Subcutaneous InjectionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03315507

Blood pressureNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05169411

Urine proteinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05169411

1 dose of sildenafilNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01670136

treprostinil

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT04675944

inhaled Nitric OxideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00732537

Oxygen (>90% by hood) - standard therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00732537

L606 inhalation suspensionNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04691154

LCAR-AIO T cellsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06653556

eNOS transfected EPCs will be delivered via a PA lineNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00469027

TPN171HNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05948644

Selexipag Film Coated TabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06932198

Uptravi® Film Coated TabletsNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06932198

PirfenidoneNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02951429

EXOMIC small RNA sequencingNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07224737

EXOMIC assay (qRT-PCR validation)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07224737

Dual-energy computed tomography investigationNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01829672

Inspiratory muscle trainerNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04919031

CarvedilolNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT01586156

Nitric Oxide

Approved · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02734953

High-TouchNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03451630

High-TechNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03451630

Optimal Discharge PlanningNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03451630

CPAP therapyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04769635

DHEA tabletNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03648385

Iloprost (Ventavis, BAYQ 6256)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT01894035

Moderate altitude sojournNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02143687

Low altitude sojournNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02143687

OxygenNOT in gene-target list

Phase 2 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT02143687

POC-USNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05332847

Opsumit (macitentan)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT02126943

acetazolamideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT00424970

Imatinib mesylate

Phase 3 · 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov, Open Targets
NCT00477269

HS235NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07143448

Impedance CardiographyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03876509

levosimendan at a dose of 3 mcg/kgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04599816

levosimendan at a dose of 6 mcg/kgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04599816

levosimendan at a dose of 12 mcg/kgNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04599816

Balloon pulmonary angioplastyNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04206852

Nebulized nitroglycerinNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07214129

Hymecromone (H01)NOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05128929

CyclophosphamideNOT in gene-target list

· 1 trial · source: ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03630211

Generated by the Open Source Medicine Foundation Biomarker Pipeline — 2026-10-08. Data sources: DGIdb, Open Targets, ChEMBL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. Not medical advice.