Summary
| Direction in PACVS | ↓ Reduced — lower than in the comparison group |
|---|---|
| Category | Molecular |
| Also described as | Infection-derived spike |
| Compared against | Vaccine-only individuals |
| Associated symptoms | Indicates prior infection, not pure PACVS |
| Test type | Clinical or physiological test |
| Source | Sutton et al. 2023 — doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.044 |
| Condition atlas | PACVS Biomarker Atlas |
Related Molecular markers in PACVS
- 2P proteotypic peptides (K986P/V987P) ↑
- BNT162b2 vaccine mRNA (qPCR) ↕
- Vaccine mRNA (hybrid 3'UTR motifs) ↕
Full list: PACVS Biomarker Atlas.
Frequently asked questions
Is Wild-type viral spike peptides high or low in PACVS?
Reduced. Studies summarised in the OSMF atlas report lower Wild-type viral spike peptides in PACVS than in Vaccine-only individuals. Source: Sutton et al. 2023.
What symptoms is Wild-type viral spike peptides associated with in PACVS?
The cited literature associates this marker with Indicates prior infection, not pure PACVS. These are population-level associations and do not mean the marker causes the symptoms.
Which test measures Wild-type viral spike peptides?
It is measured as a clinical or physiological test. Many of the cited studies used research-grade assays, so clinical availability may vary.
Is one abnormal Wild-type viral spike peptides result diagnostic of PACVS?
No. No single biomarker is diagnostic of PACVS. Wild-type viral spike peptides findings come from group comparisons, overlap considerably between patients and controls, and vary with study design, timing and comparison group. A result should be interpreted by a clinician alongside symptoms, history and other tests.
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Last reviewed: 2026-06-30 · Page generated from pacvs.json · Browse: PACVS atlas · Biomarker Index · All marker pages
Disclaimer: This page is an educational synthesis of published, peer-reviewed research and is not medical advice. Biomarker findings vary across studies with case definitions, comparison groups, timing and assay methods. Direction of change reflects the predominant finding in the cited source and does not establish a diagnostic threshold. Discuss any test result with a qualified clinician.