{
  "slug": "type-2-diabetes",
  "id": "type-2-diabetes-biomarkers",
  "condition": {
    "name": "Type 2 Diabetes",
    "shortName": "Type 2 Diabetes",
    "alternateNames": []
  },
  "page": {
    "title": "Type 2 Diabetes Biomarker Atlas | Blood Tests & Molecular Alterations",
    "breadcrumbName": "Type 2 Diabetes Biomarkers",
    "description": "Searchable atlas of Type 2 Diabetes biomarkers, from peer-reviewed literature comparing patient levels vs. healthy controls.",
    "keywords": [
      "Type 2 Diabetes biomarkers",
      "Type 2 Diabetes blood tests",
      "biomarker atlas",
      "biomarker database"
    ],
    "canonical": "https://research.opensourcemed.info/type-2-diabetes-biomarkers.html",
    "hero": "Molecular alterations reported in Type 2 Diabetes compared to healthy controls, from peer-reviewed literature.",
    "dateModified": "2026-07-02"
  },
  "categories": {
    "inflammatory": "Inflammatory",
    "metabolic": "Metabolic"
  },
  "filters": [
    "inflammatory",
    "metabolic"
  ],
  "markers": [
    {
      "name": "Adiponectin",
      "alternateName": "Adiponectin",
      "direction": "down",
      "category": "metabolic",
      "comparison": "T2DM/metabolic syndrome/CVD vs BMI-matched controls",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Fantuzzi et al. 2008",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.018"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Fasting Insulin",
      "alternateName": "Fasting Insulin",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "metabolic",
      "comparison": "pre-T2D/at-risk vs normal (insulin secretion/sensitivity alteration)",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Sevilla-Gonzalez et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-57452-y"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Fasting Plasma Glucose",
      "alternateName": "Fasting Plasma Glucose",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "metabolic",
      "comparison": "T2D vs healthy/non-diabetic individuals",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Smushkin et al. 2010",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.mpmed.2010.08.008"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "HbA1c",
      "alternateName": "HbA1c",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "metabolic",
      "comparison": "T2DM vs healthy controls",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Arif et al. 2024",
        "doi": "10.6026/973206300200202"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "hsCRP",
      "alternateName": "hsCRP",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "inflammatory",
      "comparison": "T2D vs healthy (pre-diagnosis and post-treatment)",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Pellegrini et al. 2024",
        "doi": "10.3390/cells13191662"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Triglycerides",
      "alternateName": "Triglycerides",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "metabolic",
      "comparison": "T2D vs general/healthy population",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Nelson et al. 2018",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.ccl.2017.12.005"
      }
    }
  ]
}