{
  "slug": "multiple-sclerosis",
  "id": "multiple-sclerosis-biomarkers",
  "condition": {
    "name": "Multiple Sclerosis",
    "shortName": "Multiple Sclerosis",
    "alternateNames": []
  },
  "page": {
    "title": "Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker Atlas | Blood Tests & Molecular Alterations",
    "breadcrumbName": "Multiple Sclerosis Biomarkers",
    "description": "Searchable atlas of Multiple Sclerosis biomarkers, from peer-reviewed literature comparing patient levels vs. healthy controls.",
    "keywords": [
      "Multiple Sclerosis biomarkers",
      "Multiple Sclerosis blood tests",
      "biomarker atlas",
      "biomarker database"
    ],
    "canonical": "https://research.opensourcemed.info/multiple-sclerosis-biomarkers.html",
    "hero": "Molecular alterations reported in Multiple Sclerosis compared to healthy controls, from peer-reviewed literature.",
    "dateModified": "2026-07-03"
  },
  "categories": {
    "neurological": "Neurological",
    "other": "Other"
  },
  "filters": [
    "neurological",
    "other"
  ],
  "markers": [
    {
      "name": "CSF IgG Index",
      "alternateName": "CSF IgG Index",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "other",
      "comparison": "MS vs healthy (diagnostic marker)",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Saadeh et al. 2022",
        "doi": "10.1093/clinchem/hvac061"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "CSF Oligoclonal Bands",
      "alternateName": "CSF Oligoclonal Bands",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "neurological",
      "comparison": "MS vs healthy (diagnostic marker)",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Mukherjee et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.1007/s11910-025-01432-8"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "GFAP",
      "alternateName": "GFAP",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "neurological",
      "comparison": "progressive MS vs healthy/non-progressive",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Chitnis et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00249-2"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL)",
      "alternateName": "Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL)",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "neurological",
      "comparison": "MS relapse/disease activity vs healthy",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Chitnis et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(25)00249-2"
      },
      "testType": "MedicalTest",
      "loinc": "94635-5"
    }
  ]
}