{
  "slug": "copd",
  "id": "copd-biomarkers",
  "condition": {
    "name": "COPD",
    "shortName": "COPD",
    "alternateNames": []
  },
  "page": {
    "title": "COPD Biomarker Atlas | Blood Tests & Molecular Alterations",
    "breadcrumbName": "COPD Biomarkers",
    "description": "Searchable atlas of COPD biomarkers, from peer-reviewed literature comparing patient levels vs. healthy controls.",
    "keywords": [
      "COPD biomarkers",
      "COPD blood tests",
      "biomarker atlas",
      "biomarker database"
    ],
    "canonical": "https://research.opensourcemed.info/copd-biomarkers.html",
    "hero": "Molecular alterations reported in COPD compared to healthy controls, from peer-reviewed literature.",
    "dateModified": "2026-07-03"
  },
  "categories": {
    "inflammatory": "Inflammatory",
    "pulmonary": "Pulmonary"
  },
  "filters": [
    "inflammatory",
    "pulmonary"
  ],
  "markers": [
    {
      "name": "Alpha-1 Antitrypsin",
      "alternateName": "Alpha-1 Antitrypsin",
      "direction": "down",
      "category": "pulmonary",
      "comparison": "AATD-associated COPD/emphysema vs normal AAT levels",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Dasi et al. 2024",
        "doi": "10.1016/j.medcli.2023.10.014"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "CRP",
      "alternateName": "CRP",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "inflammatory",
      "comparison": "smokers/COPD vs non-smokers",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Yanbaeva et al. 2007",
        "doi": "10.1378/chest.06-2179"
      },
      "testType": "BloodTest",
      "loinc": "1988-5"
    },
    {
      "name": "FEV1/FVC ratio",
      "alternateName": "FEV1/FVC ratio",
      "direction": "down",
      "category": "pulmonary",
      "comparison": "COPD-risk (passive smoking) vs non-exposed controls",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Liu et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.2147/COPD.S534060"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "FEV1",
      "alternateName": "FEV1",
      "direction": "down",
      "category": "pulmonary",
      "comparison": "COPD-risk (passive smoking) vs non-exposed controls",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Liu et al. 2025",
        "doi": "10.2147/COPD.S534060"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Fibrinogen",
      "alternateName": "Fibrinogen",
      "direction": "up",
      "category": "inflammatory",
      "comparison": "smokers/COPD vs non-smokers",
      "symptoms": "",
      "reference": {
        "citation": "Yanbaeva et al. 2007",
        "doi": "10.1378/chest.06-2179"
      },
      "testType": "BloodTest",
      "loinc": "3255-7"
    }
  ]
}